poetry analysis essay ib

Analysing Poetry

Two Major Categories of Poetry

It helps to separate poetry into two different categories: narrative poems and lyrical poems. A narrative poem seeks to tell a story. In this regard, its content might feel familiar given that we encounter stories in our daily life and engage with them in other texts, such as plays, novels or films. A lyrical poem, on the other hand, doesn't seek to tell a story; it aims to capture a particular moment, emotion or thought. In this regard, a lyrical poem is like a montage or a photograph. 

Aspects of Poetry

Quoting Poetry 

Like all other forms of analysis, we need to support our claims with evidence. Read the slides to see the three different ways that evidence can be provided for poetry, and make sure that you're using the method that is appropriate for your purpose. 

Example of Poetry Analysis War Photographer

Look at the slides to see an example of poetry analysis. Pay attention to the types of authorial choices that were chosen from the text. 

Further Practice

Analysing poetry process sheet.  This resource allows you to independently analyse poems that you choose for yourself.

Practice identifying authorial choices in Robert Browning's 'Love in a Life'

Analysing poems from Songs of Ourselves Volume 2

You may also want to explore...

Click the image to follow access some extra material related to graphic novels. Use these resources to deepen your understanding of the different ways in which authors develop meaning in poetry .

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IB English/Commentary

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How to write a Poetry Commentary

In order to write a IB Paper 1 commentary, the following guidelines must be followed. For the IB commentary, you are expected to explain a given poem or prose. While it is not to be confused with a detailed explanation as you might expect in college which would be anywhere from 5-15 pages in length, the commentary is less formulaic and structured than the World Literature papers, but at the same time, it adheres to formal standard English.

There are several disagreements as to what constitutes a commentary. Some hold that by nature, it is not formal--it can be a running "commentary"(hence the term, "commentary") of what the examinee sees in a given poem. Though this approach runs the risk of seeming like a literary version of a grocery list, as long as the examinee sees some overarching, organizing method--an idea, concept, or literary device that the poet uses to hold the poem together cohesively--the commentary need not be as tightly formulaic as the five paragraph thesis paper (which is generally despised in most circles because it discourages divergent thinking).

Others say that this organic approach makes it impossible to surmise any actual literary analysis. A beginning "thesis" of the poem's focus, followed by organizing the analysis into patterns, strands, or organizational groups, makes it easy to follow a persuasive, holistic presentation.

All agree, however, on the paramount importance of framing one's literary analysis within the terms and devices of poetry; one must both identify literary elements, analyze its purpose and effect, and speak intelligently as to tone, diction, structure, mood, and form.

Below are some literary devices to get you started.

• Accent : refers to the stressed portion of a word. An accent is used to place emphasis on a word.
• Note : accent and stress can be used interchangeably.
• Allegory : A description that has a second, usually moral meaning.
• Alliteration : is the repetition of initial (at the beginning) CONSONANT sounds (if it's a vowel repetition, you would call it assonance. Assonance includes any repetition of a vowel sound in any part of the word. It usually occurs in the middle of words).
• Allusion : refers to an event from an external content. It is understandable only to those with prior knowledge of the reference in question (as the writer assumes the reader has).
• Apostrophe : Something that addresses an object or person or idea who is not present as though he/she/it could reply.
• Antithesis : The juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas to create a feeling of balance (e.g Too black for heaven, and yet too white for hell)
• Assonance : The repetition of vowel sounds may also add to euphony.
• Aubade : Poetry referring to either the dawn, a love song or about parting lovers.
• Ballad : A form of poetry in a specific meter meant to be sung. There is always a repeating refrain and it is always narrative in form. See below for more information.
• Blank verse : Iambic Pentameter that doesn't rhyme. (Much of Shakespeare's plays for example were written in blank verse.)
• Caesura : A cut or break in a line, could be a comma or a semicolon.
• Cacophony : Harsh sounding and generally unpleasant.
• Consonance : The repetition of consonant sounds NOT in the beginning of a word (which would be alliteration). Enforces relation.
• Continuous Form : Lines follow each other without any type of structural organization except by blocks of meaning.
• Didactic Poetry : Poetry with a directly morally teaching purpose.
• Ethos : the validity of the source or narrator/ speaker.
• Euphony : Pleasant sounding.
• Extended Figure : An apostrophe, simile, metaphor, etc. which is developed throughout a poem.
• Imagery : Language which appeals to each of the five senses.
• Visual imagery : Sight. The most frequent type.
• Aural or auditory imagery : Sound.
• Olfactory imagery : Smell.
• Gustatory imagery : Taste.
• Tactile imagery : Touch, tangibility.
• Organic imagery : Human sensations, hunger for example.
• Irony : Dramatic or otherwise, conveying an aspect that is intrinsically unexpected or self-contradictory.
• Metaphor : A comparison between two unlike things without using the words "like" or "as".
• Onomatopoeia : Words which are written to mimic a sound. (SHAZAM! SPLAT! PLOP!)
• Paradox : A statement which appears to contradict itself but makes sense (usually in an abstract sense).
• Personification : Animals and inanimate objects are given human characteristics.
• Phonetic Intensive : A word whose sound emphasizes its meaning.
• Prose : Language which is not in meter.
• Refrain : A repeated line, phrase, sentence, etc. which appears throughout a poem.
• Rhetorical Poetry : Poetry written in superfluous language with the intention of being overdramatic.
• Scansion : The process of measuring verse.
• Simile : The comparison of two subjects using "like" or "as" or something similar
• Sonnet : See link.
• Tone : The writer's attitude toward the subject.

Advanced Vocabulary for the Daring

• Anaphora : Repetition of the same word or words from the beginning of sentences, lines, or phrases.
• Ars Poetica : A poem about poetry
• Conceit : The comparison of two dissimilar things. "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day"
• Dramatic monologue : Narrator speaks to himself. The speaker is not the author.
• Epiphany : A realization or comprehension of the essence of something.
• Feminine Rhyme : Two syllable (Disyllabic) rhyme consisting of stressed syllable followed by unstressed
• Incantation : Use of words to create an archaic effect. (Opening scene of Macbeth and the Weird Sisters)
• Incremental repetition : Repetition of succeeding stanzas with small substitutions of changes.
• Masculine rhyme : Monosyllabic rhymes.
• Metonymy : Substitutes the name of one thing with something closely associated with it.
• Synecdoche : Substitutes a part of one thing to represent the whole, or vice versa.
• Pathetic fallacy : A reflection of the action/events through nature/weather. (A thunderstorm during the creation of Frankenstein's monster sequence)
• Persona : The character created by the narrator.
• Synaesthesia : A blending of sensations.
• Trope : A way of extending the meanings of words beyond the literal.

Types of Poems

• Alexandrine : Twelve-syllable poetic line of French origin.
• Couplet : A poem or section consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought.
• Elegy : A poem of loss and consolation.
• Panegyric : Praise for an individual, a group of people, or a body.
• Sonnet : A poem of fourteen lines, usually following a strict rhyme scheme/structure.
• Stichic : A poem which is a continuous sequence of lines without any division into stanzas.
• Villanelle : 19 lines divided into 6 stanzas 5 of 3 and 1 of 4.
• Apostrophe : A poem directed to a person or thing not present/alive.

Step 1: Reading the Poem

• Read the poem silently once. Take a mental note or actually write down if you can't remember any impressions, emotions, or confusions the poem may originally stir.
• Read the poem once more; try to understand its meaning or the course of events it may describe.
• Read the poem aloud if possible. If you're in an exam room you can read the poem under your breath. Take note of the tone and speed of the poem.
• Read the poem again and take notes about the literal and figurative context of the poem. This should include its meaning on the literal level and any figurative meanings it may include.
• Read the poem again, this time looking for literary devices. These should be, but not limited to:
• Onomatopoeia and Phonetic Intensive words
• Metaphors, Similes, and Personifications.
• Juxtaposition and Contrast
• Once you're sure you've found these literary devices, proceed to look further for:
• What does the title suggest- is it related to our understanding of the poem?
• Note : Compare your first impression of the title to its actual meaning.
• Does the poem have an apostrophe?
• Are sections cacophonic or euphonic? If so, do the previous literature features make them so?
• Is there any irony?
• Does the poem have an extensive figure?
• Is there a refrain?
• Next, once you've gone through the poem's meaning and its literary devices- it's time to look for form!
• Note : Knowing a poem's scansion is not necessarily required. You don't need to state this poem is written in dactylic hectometre, but it’s pretty obvious if a poem is written in iambic pentameter and counting meter isn't too difficult.
• Is the poem in a continuous form, a stanzaic form, or a fixed form? (Such as a Ballad or a Sonnet)
• Take note of the poem's structure- how many stanzas, how many lines, etc.
• Make extra note of the author's tone and how this influences the poem.

Step 2: Looking for Detail

• Now that you've found the poem's literal and figurative meanings, its form, and its literary devices - it's time to get to work!
• Make connections - in what ways do the poem's literary devices add to the poem's meaning?
• What effect does the writer's tone have on the reader's perception of the poem?
• What effect does meter and form have on meaning?

An excellent way of keeping your entire commentary in focus is, asking yourself these simple yet significant questions:

1) What's being said (content, maybe theme, character, ideas, relationships, love, peace etc.)

2) How is it being said (stylistic devices, rhyme, structure, diction, etc.)

3) So What? (I.e. for what ends, purposes, extrapolation chances, personal connection and response, etc.)

Remember it's not a grocery list of memorized terms- barfed out in a time period of 2 hours. It is supposed to be an intricate and insightful response to what you as a reader, understand from the text, the author's intended message. The planning phase is perhaps the most important, even more important than the writing phase (which comes naturally succeeding it, if planning goes well the written should be equally responsive).

Step 3: Structuring your Commentary

• There is no definitive structure to a poetry commentary; this isn't like writing a history essay. However, structure is an important aspect in writing a poem commentary and you can prepare yourself in advance by having some notion of the order in which you will write. Here is an example of a possible essay structure:
• Note : Everyone is different, if you want to write your poetry commentary in a different form, by all means do so- this is merely a suggestion aimed at guiding your writing.
• Introduction
• State the poem's title, author, and a small introduction to the poem's overall literal meaning.
• State the poem's form, and any important literary devices which appear throughout it.
• Write about an important aspect of the poem which you will further discuss in your wildcard paragraph and eventually conclude in your last paragraph.
• Paragraph One: Structure and Narration
• Briefly mention the poem's structure. Make note of the use of Enjambment or the juxtaposition of words.
• Write about the poem's meter and its speed.
• Make note of the poem's speaker (do not use narrator) and his/her tone.
• Paragraph Two: Meaning
• State the poem's literal meaning.
• State the poem's figurative meaning.
• Paragraph Three: Devices
• Write about the poem's literary devices.
• Write about important themes present in the poem.
• Paragraph Four: Combine
• Write how literary devices and meaning interconnect.
• This paragraph should begin to bring things together.
• Paragraph Five: The Wild Card
• Introduce an important theme or aspect of the poem in great detail. This could be a refrain, an extended figure or an apostrophe.
• The conclusion should combine the Wild Card with the above paragraphs. In this case, one could talk about how literary devices or the poem's structure aid in supporting an extended figure.

Here is another suggestion for a structure which requires about 10-15 minutes of planning, but is still just as efficient-

• If any, state the relevance of the background of the author (i.e. their philosophies, causes, a message..)
• Construct a 'map' to your answer. Concisely, write one sentence on each idea that will be put forth in the essay
• Paragraph One: Idea One
• P oint: State the point you are trying to prove, e.g. The conflict in the extract symbolizes change
• E vidence: Give evidence for the conflict by quoting
• T echnique: State the literary features
• E laboration: Develop your point further and give a deeper explanation on your point. Also state the reason for the point that the author was trying to make, or the reason for which the literary feature was used
• R esponse: Describe the emotions or ideas evoked into the reader, if any
• Paragraph Two: Idea Two
• e.g. Point: The first person narrative is used to gain empathy from the reader.
• (Follow the same pattern as used for the first idea)

(An ideal commentary has 3-5 ideas . Remember to focus more on developing the ideas than to have more of them. 3 well developed ideas will fetch more marks than 6 baseless points.)

• (Off record: One must realize that a conclusion is usually just the introduction which is paraphrased with a more conclusive tone and possibly a fact or two more!)
• The conclusion must contain a brief summation of all the points you have made and why were they the most important. It could also include some personal interpretation that you are not confident about adding in the body of your essay.

Step 4: Example Commentary

Confused? Don't be! Here everything will be made clear as together we'll decipher a poem. Our poem of choice is The Daffodils by William Wordsworth .

I wandered lonely as a cloud

When all at once I saw a crowd,

Beside the lake, beneath the trees,

Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shine

They stretched in never-ending line

Ten thousand saw I at a glance,

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced, but they

A Poet could not but be gay,

I gazed--and gazed--but little thought

What wealth the show to me had brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lie

They flash upon that inward eye

And then my heart with pleasure fills,

And dances with the daffodils.

• Try to do it by yourself first- even if roughly.
• First impression : The poem is extremely euphonic and uses quite a bit of pleasant imagery. When spoken, it rolls off the tongue naturally. This reinforces the poem's joyful tone which proceeds through out the poem except for momentarily in the fourth stanza where the first two lines are cacophonic. The poem deals with an extended figure which may be considered an apostrophe.
• Structure : The poem is in a stanzaic form of four stanzas of six lines each. The rhyming scheme alternates at first, ABAB, but ends in a rhyming couplet CC which adds to the euphony of the poem and the ease at which it's spoken. The lines are in iambic tetrameter.
• Note : Meter can be found by counting the syllables in each line and simply dividing them by two. If this is the same for each line, then the poem is written in a specific meter.
• Speaker : The speaker is obviously the poet himself. By sharing his own first experiences with such a crowd of daffodils the reader gains the same first impressions.
• Literal Meaning : The poet recalls his first experience of seeing such a wondrous crowd of daffodils beside a bay. The blowing wind moves them in an awesome formation, a spectacle of nature of which the poet remembers in order to lift his spirits.
• Figurative Meaning : Everyone has had their good experiences in life. Perhaps it's the sensation of getting a new dog or seeing a beautiful bird take flight. It's important for us to remember those experiences, in times when we are down.
• Imagery : Lots of visual imagery
• "Golden daffodils" (4)
• "Sparkling waves" (14)
• "stars that shine / and twinkle on the milky way" (7-8)
• Kinesthetic imagery
• "Fluttering and dancing in the breeze" (6)
• "Tossing their heads in sprightly dance" (12)
• "The waves beside them danced" (13)
• Metaphors and Similes
• "I wandered lonely as a cloud" (1)
• "Continuous as the stars" (7)
• Personification of the Daffodils
• I saw a crowd / a host, of golden daffodils (3-4)
• Tossing their heads in sprightly dance (12)
• In such a jocund company (16)
• A host of golden daffodils (3)
• Beside the lake, beneath the trees (6)
• For oft when on my couch (19)
• heart with pleasures fills (23)
• Alliteration
• Beside... beneath... breeze (5-6)
• stars...stretch...shine (7-8)
• glee...gay...gazed...gazed (13-15)
• Repetition :
• Dance (6), (12), (13), (24)
• Wildcard: Importance of the Speaker
• The speaker shows a great tranquility and appreciation of nature. The juxtaposition of the first two lines of the last paragraph with the rest of the poem and the use of the word "couch" suggest unhappiness with the material surroundings.
• Great! Now that we've written down the basic aspects of the poem- it's time for us to connect their meanings and effects!

The Commentary

"The Daffodils" by William Wordsworth describes the poet's sight of a spectacular field of daffodils situated by a bay. He uses worldly imagery to magnify such a small feat of nature in an attempt to demonstrate how both nature and memories are important in dealing with many of the woes of a modern society. The personified daffodils are the center of the poem which is written in a stanzaic form with a consistent rhyming scheme. Through the use of literary devices and intensive visual and kinesthetic imagery, the reader is able to adopt the same feeling of awe at this simplistic spectacle as once felt by the poet.

The poem is written in stanzaic form of four stanzas each consisting of six lines with each line written in iambic tetrameter. For the first four lines of each stanza, the rhyming scheme alternates as ABAB, but ends with a rhyming couplet. This stanzaic form serves to reinforce the poem's euphony, with the ending the consistent rhyming scheme serving to ensure that the poem progresses smoothly. Indeed, the structure of the poem may even serve to reflect the extended figure of the poem, for like the daffodils, we too are entranced by the product of its general simplicity. The poem is told through the eyes of the poet himself.

The poem describes in detail, a simplistic wonder of nature, a "crowd, / a host, of golden daffodils" (3-4) situated "along the margin of a bay" (10). The daffodils "dance" (6) and though not mentioned directly, this dance is most likely caused by the wind. The poet is amazed at two things, the sheer number of daffodils, comparing their numbers to the number of stars in "the milky way" (7) and the intricate dance that they produce. He then states that the waves of the lake also danced, most likely ripples once again caused by the wind, but the effect the wind had on the flowers "Out-did the sparkling waves in glee"(13). The sight was so beautiful that the poet "gazed and gazed" (17), clueless of the "wealth" (18) gained from the experience. From then on, when the Poet is in a "vacant mood" (20), he recalls this experience in his mind and his "heart [fills] with pleasures" (23) as he too "dances with the daffodils" (24).

(Note: this commentary isn't the best example... the use of the quotes at the end is exactly what IB doesn't want. Additionally it's far too short - a commentary should be about one thousand words. This commentary also do not develop a line of reasoning, and do not use sufficient reasoning and explanations to support the author's claim. Maybe try to write one yourself would be the best way to learn!)

Sources http://courses.durhamtech.edu/perkins/aris.html

• Book:IB English

How to Write a Good Essay for IB English Literature

Writing a compelling essay for IB English Literature requires a blend of critical thinking, detailed textual analysis, and clear, coherent writing. Whether you’re tackling Paper 1’s guided literary analysis or Paper 2’s comparative essay, these strategies will help you craft essays that stand out. Here’s a step-by-step guide to writing an excellent IB English Literature essay.

Understanding the Essay Requirements

Paper 1: guided literary analysis.

Focus : Analyze an unseen prose or poetry text. Duration :

• SL: 1 hour and 15 minutes
• HL: 2 hours and 15 minutes

Paper 2: Comparative Essay

Focus : Compare and contrast at least two works studied during the course. Duration : 1 hour and 45 minutes

Step-by-Step Guide to Writing a Good IB English Literature Essay

Step 1: read and understand the text.

• Close Reading : Carefully read the text (for Paper 1) or review your studied texts (for Paper 2). Note key themes, literary techniques, and significant passages.
• Annotate : Highlight important lines, phrases, and words. Make notes on literary devices such as imagery, symbolism, tone, and narrative perspective.
• Identify Themes and Ideas : Determine the main themes and ideas conveyed in the text. Consider how these themes are developed through characters, settings, and plot.

Step 2: Plan Your Essay

• Understand the Prompt : Ensure you understand what the essay prompt is asking. Focus on the specific aspect of the text or comparison required.
• Develop a Thesis Statement : Formulate a clear thesis statement that addresses the prompt and presents your main argument or interpretation.
• Create an Outline : Plan the structure of your essay. Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on a specific point or aspect of your analysis.

Step 3: Write the Introduction

• Hook : Start with an engaging opening sentence that captures the reader’s interest.
• Context : Provide brief context for the text or texts you are analyzing.
• Thesis Statement : Clearly state your thesis. Outline the main points you will discuss in your essay.

Step 4: Develop Body Paragraphs

• Topic Sentences : Begin each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that relates to your thesis.
• Textual Evidence : Support your points with specific examples and quotations from the text. Ensure you explain how these examples support your argument.
• Analysis : Analyze the evidence in detail. Discuss the significance of literary techniques and how they contribute to the overall meaning of the text.
• Link Back to Thesis : Conclude each paragraph by linking your analysis back to your thesis.

Step 5: Write the Conclusion

• Summarize Main Points : Briefly summarize the main points you have discussed in your essay.
• Restate Thesis : Restate your thesis in a new way, reflecting the insights you have gained through your analysis.
• Final Thought : End with a thought-provoking statement or question that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

Step 6: Review and Revise

• Proofread : Check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation errors.
• Review Structure : Ensure your essay has a clear and logical structure. Each paragraph should flow smoothly to the next.
• Refine Language : Improve the clarity and precision of your language. Use varied sentence structures and vocabulary to keep your writing engaging.
• Seek Feedback : If possible, get feedback from teachers or peers. Use their insights to make further improvements.

Tips for Writing a High-Scoring IB English Literature Essay

Engage deeply with the text.

• Understand Literary Devices : Be familiar with a wide range of literary devices and their effects. Use them to enhance your analysis.
• Explore Multiple Interpretations : Consider different perspectives and interpretations of the text. Show that you understand its complexity and ambiguity.

Be Analytical, Not Descriptive

• Focus on Analysis : Avoid simply summarizing the text. Instead, delve into how and why the author uses certain techniques and what effects they create.
• Support with Evidence : Use specific examples and quotations to back up your points. Explain their significance and how they support your argument.

Maintain Coherence and Clarity

• Clear Thesis and Topic Sentences : Ensure your thesis and topic sentences clearly convey your main argument and the focus of each paragraph.
• Logical Flow : Organize your essay logically. Each point should build on the previous one, leading to a coherent overall argument.

Demonstrate Original Thought

• Unique Insights : Offer original insights and interpretations. Avoid relying solely on standard readings or clichés.
• Critical Engagement : Critically engage with the text, showing your ability to think deeply and independently about literature.

Sample Essay Structure

Introduction.

• Hook : "In Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude , the cyclical nature of history is a recurring theme that profoundly impacts the Buendía family."
• Context : "Set in the fictional town of Macondo, the novel explores themes of memory, history, and the passage of time."
• Thesis Statement : "This essay will examine how Marquez uses magical realism, cyclical narrative structure, and symbolic imagery to convey the inevitable repetition of history."

Body Paragraph 1: Magical Realism

• Topic Sentence : "Marquez employs magical realism to blur the lines between reality and fantasy, illustrating the surreal repetition of historical events."
• Textual Evidence : "For instance, the miraculous birth of Remedios the Beauty and her subsequent ascension to heaven are described in a matter-of-fact tone."
• Analysis : "This blending of the extraordinary with the ordinary emphasizes the cyclical nature of events, suggesting that history's repetitions are as natural and inevitable as everyday occurrences."
• Link to Thesis : "Through magical realism, Marquez highlights the inescapability of historical cycles."

Body Paragraph 2: Cyclical Narrative Structure

• Topic Sentence : "The novel's cyclical narrative structure reinforces the theme of recurring history."
• Textual Evidence : "The repetition of names and events, such as the recurring names of José Arcadio and Aureliano, symbolizes the recurring patterns in the Buendía family’s history."
• Analysis : "This narrative choice suggests that despite changes in characters and circumstances, the essential patterns of history remain unchanged."
• Link to Thesis : "The cyclical structure of the narrative mirrors the cyclical nature of history itself."

Body Paragraph 3: Symbolic Imagery

• Topic Sentence : "Marquez uses symbolic imagery to underscore the inevitability of historical repetition."
• Textual Evidence : "The image of the ants devouring the Buendía household symbolizes the destructive nature of time and history."
• Analysis : "This imagery conveys the idea that history, like the ants, is relentless and inescapable, eventually consuming all that it touches."
• Link to Thesis : "Symbolic imagery in the novel serves to reinforce the theme of history's unavoidable repetition."
• Summarize Main Points : "In One Hundred Years of Solitude , Marquez uses magical realism, cyclical narrative structure, and symbolic imagery to explore the theme of historical repetition."
• Restate Thesis : "These literary techniques effectively convey the idea that history is a relentless cycle, repeating itself despite the efforts of individuals to change their destinies."
• Final Thought : "Marquez’s portrayal of the cyclical nature of history serves as a poignant reminder of the patterns that shape our lives and the inevitability of their recurrence."

Crafting a Standout IB English Literature Essay

Writing a high-quality IB English Literature essay involves careful reading, detailed planning, and thoughtful analysis. By following these steps and tips, you can craft essays that are insightful, well-supported, and engaging, ultimately helping you achieve a high score in your exams.

Ready to excel in your IB English Literature essays? Join RevisionDojo today and access personalized study tools, curriculum-specific question banks, and resources enhanced by Jojo AI. Let us help you master literary analysis and achieve your academic goals with confidence.

Related Articles:

• Is IB English Literature More Difficult Than IB English Language and Literature?
• Should I Take English A: Literature SL or HL?
• HL Essay Ideas for IB English A: Literature and Language and Literature
• How Many Texts Do You Study in IB English Literature?
• Understanding the HL Essay for IB English A: Literature and Language and Literature
• Effective Study Techniques for IB English A: Language and Literature

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Every IB English Past Paper Available: Free and Official

International Baccalaureate (IB)

In this article, I cover IB English Literature SL/HL , IB English Language and Literature SL/HL , and IB Literature and Performance SL exams. These are the core language A options for English speakers.

The IB English exams are essay based tests that require you to either a) analyze texts provided on the exam, or b) write analytical essays based on the books, poems, and other literature you've studied throughout the semester. That means one of the best ways to prepare for the exam is checking out past essays to see what writers did right...and where they got off track.

But where can you find IB English past papers, free and paid? Don't worry: we'll help you find past papers to study with and talk about how you can get the most out of these past papers during your study time.

feature image source: Books Stack Book Store Of /Pixabay

These past papers are free as a bird (or birds, in this case).

Where to Find Free IB English Past Papers: Official Resources

The IB has been cracking down on illegally uploaded past papers for the past few years, so a lot of previous sources are no longer available. IB has however, uploaded a few official past exams that you can view for free online. Below are links to the official IB English Past Papers provided by the IBO.

• English A: literature higher level/standard level: papers 1 & 2
• English A1 higher level: paper 2
• English standard level A2: paper 2

Since these are officially distributed by the IBO, these are the papers and exams you should use as a starting point as you study for your test. You need REAL IB English past papers to get realistic practice.

Where to Find Free IB English Past Papers: Unofficial Resources

Like we mentioned earlier, the IBO has been cracking down on unofficial English HL/SL papers online. However, there are still a few places where you can find past papers that have been uploaded by other users. 

One big caveat: these resources are unvetted, which means the quality of the papers is all over the place. Only use these resources after you've worked with—and studied!—the official papers above . And of course:  do not plagiarize  the ideas in any of the unofficial papers you find! 

IBResources.org 

This student-led initiative allows users to contribute past papers and other study resources to a free repository online. There are quite a few free English A SL/HL papers available on the site. You'll have to navigate a kind of clunky file interface to find them, but once you do, you'll have many free, unofficial papers to peruse. 

Reddit.com's IBO Subreddit

By searching the subreddit, you'll be able to find user-uploaded paper examples for the English IB exam . You'll have to sift through individual threads, but with some elbow grease, you'll find more free and unofficial English A SL/HL papers here. 

These papers aren't free...but if you're looking for high quality study resources beyond the official IBO ones above, these fit the bill.

Where to Find Paid IB English Past Papers

The only safe and reliable place to buy IB English past papers is from the IBO at the Follet IB Store . There are tons of scams floating around, so we don't recommend you purchase past IB English papers from anywhere else!

The IBO sells past IB English Literature SL papers, IB English Literature HL papers, IB English Language and Literature SL papers, IB English Language and Literature HL papers, and IB Literature and Performance SL papers from 2013 onward.

The site is somewhat hard to navigate, but using the search bar several times got me where I wanted to be eventually.

You're already giving maximum effort. Now maximize your outcomes! 

How to Get the Most of Each Past Paper

One complete test will take you 3 hours for SL or 4 hours for HL . If you are going to invest that much time, you need to be maximizing your learning. To do so, follow these rules.

Rule 1: Build up Your Endurance

The IBO used to split the English exam up over two days, so you would take one essay each day. As of 2021 that's no longer the case, meaning you'll have to take the full exam in one sitting. 

Here's what that means for you: you'll be doing  lots  of analyzing, writing, and thinking on test day. That can be exhausting! To make sure you have the energy you'll need to succeed, start building up your mental endurance now. 

The best way to do that is to have real-time practice sessions . On a weekend, set aside the three to four hours you'll have on test day, then write sample essays based on the writing prompts from past papers.  This will help you get a sense for what test day will be like, and you'll be able to optimize your writing process so you don't run out of time. 

Rule 2: Time Yourself

You need to get used to the timing. Here is the time allowed:

English Literature SL

• Paper 1 (Guided Textual Analysis)—1 hour 15 minutes
• Paper 2 (Comparative Essay)—1 hour 45 minutes

English Literature HL

• Paper 1 (Guided Textual Analysis)—2 hours 15 minutes
• Students will also submit a pre-written essay that's 1200 to 1500 words long. 

English Language and Literature SL

English language and literature hl, literature and performance sl.

• Paper 1 (Issues in Dramatizing a Novel)—1 hour 30 minutes
• Paper 2 (Comparative Essay)—1 hour 30 minutes
• Students will also submit an essay that critically analyzes a work and said student's performance of that work

Make sure you stick to this exact timing. Don't give yourself any extra time. Otherwise, you will not be prepared for the pacing of the actual test.

Research to Action / Flickr, used under CC BY-SA 2.0

Rule 3: Review With the Mark Scheme

After completing your full test, review your answers. You must review to learn from your errors and not make them on the actual test.  And that means going over your essays with a critical eye. 

Take an hour to review. While this may seem like you are wasting time that you could be spending on other practice, it's not. You need to emphasize the quality of your practice and no the quantity of practice. I'd rather you take two practice tests with good review than eight tests with no review.

You may also consider giving your practice essays to your English teacher or other qualified mentor to review. They can give you additional insights that will help you improve your analytical and writing skills before test day! 

What's Next?

Want more tips for IB English? Then check out our complete IB English study guide for all the info you need.

Impatient to get your IB scores? Learn when IB results and scores come out.

Did you know that you can take some IB classes online? Check out our complete guide to online IB courses , including which classes you can take online and if you can get an online IB diploma.

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How do I do a poetry analysis? (English HL)

By Great Polar Bear July 6, 2013 in Languages A1/A Literature

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Great polar bear.

I know how to analyse an extract but I'm not quite familiar with analyzing poetry. Can someone help? Thanks!

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Hi, i'm going to try and explain this as simply as i can. In the end, it all comes down to practice. The most important thing is structure - not just the structure of your analysis but also the structure of yours sentences. Of course, there are the standard things like topic sentences, point, example, explanation, link.

A big part of the analysing poetry is to understand the fact that poets usually have a much deeper meaning. They tend to use a lot of symbolism and subtle metaphors. For example, if the word 'dust' is mentioned, you could connect it to the feeling of something being ancient or neglected. It's important to recognize the themes and how the poet tries to portray it.

Eg. of subtle techniques

use of particular sounds. Eg. sexy, succulent, sensual. The use of the S sound gives a ~ tone contributing to the ~message the poet is trying to communicate.

Caesuras (very short sentences for effect). Eg. *a long, flowy description* stop. i can't do this anymore. The sudden caesuras draw the reader's attention and create contrast for the second theme.

Enjambment (one sentence on two lines) - maybe used to highlight certain things.

in terms of setting it out, there's various ways. If you're used to a 3 point essay:

For example, if there's 3 stanzas, you could go a paragraph for each stanza, talking about the theme, how it's portrayed using poetry techniques, etc.

Or, i prefer to split it into the theme, the techniques and the tone, which is quite hard and i have occasionally changed it to suit the piece i'm writing about.

In summary, get used to close reading poems. By this, i mean questioning everything you read in a poem. Why did the poet choose to use this word? What could this possibly symbolise? (Be careful not to over analyse it though!). Pick up on the themes, plan your structure and start writing!

I've only been in IB for one semester but this is what i've picked up on on the way. I hope it helps!

A helpful guide is to take a look at the assessment rubrics and see how your analysis addresses the criteria stated. For example, for understanding of text try to look for cases where an examiner would find reason to believe you understood the poem, which would be largely through appropriate quotes of the poem and how the part quoted achieves a certain effect on the reader, and just move along for there.

Pick an overarching theme in the poem/passage, what jumps out at you the most and how to decide that this idea is the one you want to pursue as the main idea in the poem/passage. Once the theme is picked, devise your thesis statement and write it out in your introductory paragraph. Each subsequent body paragraph should address SADIST: Style/Structure, Author's Intent, Diction/Dialogue, Imagery (Visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, gustatory, food, colour, shape, geometric, etc), Symbolism/Simile/Metaphors, Tone/Mood. Each and ever one of those ideas should be addressed in any commentary you write in every body paragraph. Your body paragraphs should be in this format: 1. Opening line is a topic sentence which explains point X that relates back to your thesis. 2. You then present your argument of how point X is related to your thesis. 3. Use evidence (Style, Imagery, Diction, Symbolism/Simile/Metaphors) 4. Analyse the evidence (what is the effect on the tone? Mood? What was the Author's Intent?) 5. Concluding sentence about how this relates back to your thesis. Try and vary things to show that you're looking at the piece as a whole as opposed to a line-by-line analysis. If the first quote you use is describing visual imagery in Line 5, the second part of the evidence for the same point should be visual imagery in line 19. SADIST is of course not an exhaustive list, it's merely to help you organise yourself and is meant to be a reference point at best, you can always bring in the whole host of literary devices: pathetic fallacies, atmosphere, allusions, double entendres, personifications, apostrophes, punctuation determination, etc the list is endless. I hope that helps, if something wasn't clear enough email me and I'll get back to you. Best of luck for your exam, Arrowhead.

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• Current: Tips and Tricks for IB English Literature and Performance (Paper 2)

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Tips and tricks for ib english literature and performance (paper 2).

English Literature and Performance is a subject available in IB under both Group 1: studies in language and literature, and Group 6: the arts. It aims to explore the relation between literature and theatre. As a student of literature and performance, you are required to study a minimum of five texts. This blog focuses on the two poets and their poems you would be studying and the required assessment.

PAPER 2 – POETRY

Paper 2 requires analytic comparison of poems by two poets. Throughout the two years of the Diploma Program, you will study two poets and about 5-6 poems written by each of them, a total of 10-12 poems. Your teacher may teach them to you in pairs, one poem by one author and one by another yet both related by their themes. These poets will have very different writing styles, yet you may find similarities in their use of particular literary devices. This paper requires a detailed analysis of both the poems in the context of the genres, cultures and the periods in which they were written.

Paper 2 has six generic questions to choose from since every school teacher can choose which two poets he/she wishes to teach. You are required to answer one of these questions in the form of an analytical essay. You cannot take any books in the exam hall for this paper and would need to know the words of the poems by heart. Your IB English tutor can explain this to you in detail if you are confused, however, here is a vague example:

For instance, you are studying Margaret Atwood and Robert Frost. Both have extremely different styles but some of their poems have similar themes. Their outlook and their approach to the theme can be similar or different and this is what the essay is all about. How has Atwood and Frost seen and written about particular themes, how do they differ and how are they similar in terms of their use of literary devices and structure. An example question would be how two poets have handled conflicts, both internal and external in their poems. You can see how vague and open ended the question is yet restricting you to poems with the idea of conflict in them. Choosing Half-hanged Mary by Atwood and The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost, you have to pick literary devices and discuss what effect they have and how they effectively portray conflict. You also have to explain what the poet means and whether the two poets have a different outlook to conflict. What kind of conflict is it? How does structure and form of the poem develop this idea of conflict? How are the two poems similar yet different or different yet similar? These are the few sub-questions that can help you write a good essay. However, most papers also always contain an even more generic question that requires you to discuss content and form, voice, structure etc. These questions can be applied to almost any set of two poems that have similar themes. Nevertheless, this does not mean that you should only study two poems. This is because these two poems may not have enough material for you to write about in context of their structure or voice etc. Tips and tricks further on by getting online IB tuition by Baccalaureate Classes tutors can help you identify and prepare smartly for your exam.

Do not hesitate to consult your IB English tutor to help you with analysis of the poems. You have 1 hour 30 minutes to write this essay and it comprises 20% of your final grade.

CLOSER LOOK AT THE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Criterion a: knowledge and understanding of texts.

This criterion is examining how well you know the poems you have studied. This is not only the words of the poem but also the meaning of the poem and the use of literary devices. You should be well informed of all the literary devices like sibilance, repetition, metaphors etc. and the structure of the poem including the hint of iambic pentameter etc. You should know what the themes are, what the poem means by every line and what effect does it have on the reader. Very importantly, you have to include references in your analysis. The more informed references and quotes from the poem you include in your answer, the better your answer is. However, the quotes must be relevant to the point you are trying to make, the subsequent analysis and must help you answer the question. This tells the examiner that you are extremely well informed of the poems you are analyzing. Discuss and analyze the poems with your IB online tutor to be able to write an informed analysis in your answer.

Criterion B: Response to the question

This criterion examines how well you have responded to the question. If the question is about conflict, have you linked all our analysis to the question and explicitly written how you are answering the question through your analysis? Hence, it is important to judge which question you should pick and which poems. Personal interpretations without using the word ‘I’ are also appreciated. You can include this by saying – ‘Another possible interpretation of this could be…’ or ‘this metaphor (any other literary device you are talking about) can also be interpreted as…’. However, discuss this interpretation with your IB English online tutor so that it is not ill-informed or does not suggest that you have not understood the poems. Since the paper requires a comparison between two poets, your response must include a sense of comparison always. If both poems use sibilance, then compare the effect of sibilance in the respective poems in relation to the question.

Criterion C: Appreciation of literary features

This criterion examines your knowledge and analysis of literary features. Though the other criteria depend on your analysis, this criterion focuses on it. You should have detailed analysis of at least 8-10 literary features in your essay in relation to the question. Your Online IB English tutor can help you with this. The analysis should be supported with good examples and quotes from the poems. Additionally, many students stray away from answering the question and start generally analyzing the poem as they write their answer. You must be careful that your analysis and explanation has direct, explicit and obvious links to the questions and answers it well.

Criterion D & E: Presentation and Formal use of language

Your essay should have an effective structure that contributes to answering the question you chose well. Supporting examples should be well integrated into the body of the essay. The use of language should be clear, varied, precise and concise. There should be no significant lapses in grammar, spelling and sentence construction. A wide vocabulary and varied idiom and style should be evident, and the choice of register should be effective for literary analysis. This will only be achieved with practice. Do not forget to get them checked and marked by your IB English tutor. Your IB tutor can not only give you detailed feedback but also give you insights and tips into making your writing more effective.

HOW TO PREPARE FOR PAPER 2: TIPS AND TRICKS

• Before you enter the examination hall, your preparation of your exam should include a list of at least 3 pair of poems (3 of each poet) that are rich in literary features and can answer a wide range of questions. You should have an in-depth understanding of these poems and should have written answers comparing these pairs of poems at least twice before your final exams. You can discuss this list with your online IB English tutor.
• To make sure these pairs of poems will help you answer at least one of the six questions, go through the last 10 years of past papers and check which question you would answer with which pair and how you would structure your answer. Do you have enough to write and fulfill the criteria? If you are confident that you can answer at least on question of each paper, then your list is perfect! If not, then you should in your IB tuition classes how to add poems to this list or change a pair and repeat this process.
• Have an in-depth understanding of all literary features in these poems. You may not need to learn the long poems by heart if you can remember the words that have literary features to be used as reference quotes. Since questions are so generic, covering all literary features in your mind beforehand will help you form your essay easily to answer the question you choose without wasting any time during exam! If you are stuck and wish to discuss ideas and possibilities, your IB tutors can always help you preparing for final exams!
• Practice makes perfect! Practice a lot of answers and get it marked by your teacher or IB tutor.
• Personally as a student, I felt the PEEL method is the best and easiest way to structure your essay and fulfill at least the first three criteria. You can use this with alterations for other analytical essays in English. You can ask your IB tutor to explain this method in detail but here is a generic possible structure of your essay:
• Introduction - Which poems by which poets. Why would these two poems help you answer the question? What have you understood of the question and how you plan to answer it? What are the main literary features you will discuss?
• POINT (P) – Literary feature and what effect it has on the reader?
• EVIDENCE (E) – Reference quotes from the poems.
• EXPLAIN (E) – Explain why these reference quotes are an excellent example of the literary device. How and what effect they have on the meaning of the poem and the reader? What does it help you understand about the poet or the persona?
• LINK (L) – Link to the question. How is your explanation leading to an answer to the question? Use synonyms of words used to explain your interpretation of the question in your introduction.
• Conclusion – summarize your answer in a few sentences. Overall, how are the two poets similar or different?

Use the PEEL for each of the poems, one or two literary devices in one paragraph. Compare in your explanation how the use and effect is similar or different from the previous poem.

This is my guide to you, as a student of the English Literature and Performance. These tips and tricks worked for me and I hope they will get you 7 points in PAPER 2 as well. Baccalaureate Classes are always there to help you whenever you need it!

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Exam guide, practice papers, past paper solutions.

Practice Paper 1: Poem

Analyze a poem in this IB-style Practice Paper 1. Includes guiding question and video solutions.

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We recommend you use a touch screen with a stylus for the best experience. Otherwise, download as PDF and print.

Understanding the Literal Meaning

In this video we go through the literal meaning of the major sections of the text. A strong interpretation is crucial for analysis.

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Learn how to find the best techniques and come up with insightful interpretations and analysis.

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Friday, March 9, 2012

A level-7 essay for ib english exam paper 1 - commentary.

59 comments:

Very helpful. Thank you :).

woow realy nice

hmmm....i think you're being kind of arrogant setting this up as the perfect commentary. for the most part your language is clumsy, you state the obvious and narrate rather than interpret. also, too much moralizing and flaunting of your personal opinion. you have hardly any ideas and have not grouped them together - very incoherent on the whole. I'd say this was a level five. If your teacher actually marked this as a seven, your school's obviously not a very 'quality' place.

it seems you have been humbled politely.

Thanks for your comment, Anonymous. Of course, we all know that the humanities are always very subjective. This essay was written for me after graduation by a student who got level 7 in IB English, and since IB papers are graded by IB examiners, not the school, we will have to assume that the writing is worthy of a level 7. Hopefully these posts have helped some IB students improve their literary analysis and writing skills. But since the course has changed, I'll be taking these IB posts down soon anyway.

I have my Engligh HL P1 exam tomorrow and I just read this essay and found it very helpful. I think that everyone has a different writing style, mine is certainly very different to this, but it is still very helpful to see the different ways in which you can approach an analytical commentary. Yes the course has changed, but I still found this very helpful! Thank you very much and congratulations to Nerdvark for getting a 7 in English, I know that is very hard!!

Super helpful! Thanks loads and wow that's brilliantly written!!

There is either a typo or a misspelling where he talks about " "Fulfilling themselves" shows no evidence of animals needing to please a superior power. The Earth itself is thier reward their reward to walk" ". Thier.

Fixed - thank you!

Hello! I'm just starting my commentary and I'd just like to ask.. Are we not allowed to voice some connections? For example, would this be considered imposing my own opinion?: Through the repetition of the words “one man”, (lines 153, 155, and 157) Cassius emphasizes the incapability of Caesar to rule over Rome alone. [Due to Rome being a powerful empire, it would be unsuitable for one man to control the land without the counsel of others] The sentence in the square brackets, is that imposing my opinion? Is that acceptable to writei n a commentary? Ty and please answer as soon as possibleif you could... it's due in 2 days and I'm hoping I'd get some professional help! :) Thank you!

Hello, Anon. That's certainly a good way to analyze the writing. It would be improved by giving the effect on the reader, by the addition of a sentence: "This use of repetition shows the reader that Cassius is adamantly against Caesar, and encourages the reader to feel the same way." For more on this, see my post on PEEing (31 Jan, 2013) Giving your personal response would be more about how effective the writing was on you, such as "I found the repetition to be very persuasive. The more times I read the words 'one man,' the more I agreed that Caesar would not be able to rule such a vast empire." Thanks for reading! Good luck in your studies. -the Nerdvark (Nardvark's hidden nerd)

I have trouble completing my commentaries in the time given for the English IB examination. Can this commentary be written in 1.5 hours?

This was a Higher Level commentary, written in two hours, but keep in mind that practice makes perfect! Make sure you use The Writing Process - pace yourself and give yourself some time to PREWRITE (read and make notes on the extract), PLAN (memorize the five-paragraph essay plan so you can just plug your ideas into it), DRAFT (write the essay), REVISE (re-read your essay and add anything you can think of to improve it) and EDIT (re-read it again, checking for errors.) For more on this, check my posts on The Five Paragraph Essay Format (2 October, 2012) and Writing a Five Paragraph Essay (19 October, 2012). Thanks for your comment!

This is a pretty good analysis of the poem. However, the language and the sentence structure, I partially agree with one of the comments, is quite clumsy and lacks a formal structure. Considering the strict markings of the IB literature papers, I consider him to be quite lucky to be getting a 7. Though I appreciate his effort in demonstrating an effective method to tackle paper 1 commentary. Overall, it's a very good presentation of what is expected to be said and analyzed about a literary work.

just finished my paper 1. I read this 20 minutes before the exams, and it was really helpful. :)

Hi, I like the way you have analyzed the poem and would like your inputs on my own writing. I have done an analysis on "Suzanne" by Leonard Cohen which is an interesting poem but I can't seem to substantiate any concrete ideas. Pls help me out with the ideas along with the structure.

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How to Analyze Poetry in IB English Literature?

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• by Ankit Singh
• On October,09,2023

How do you Analyse a Poem in IB English Literature?

How can I understand poems easily? How do you get a 7 in English Paper 1? These questions will be answered in this guide for IB English Poetry (Paper 1 External Examination).

Analysing poetry is an intricate process and very crucial for the first paper of IB English A Literature. For analysis and commentary, students are provided with either poetry or prose. It’s not really about structure or a specific format (unlike the paper 2 Essay) but about interpreting the text correctly.

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Steps on how to analyse a poem

Before anything, read the poem properly. Read the title and try to understand what the poem is talking about.

Highlight all the verses, words and poetic devices that you deem are important.

Think about the theme of the poem or the central idea. The best way to understand it is by reading the first and the last verses of the poem. It will generate curiosity and questions. You will then automatically find answers by reading the poem completely.

You can use this approach for ib unseen poetry in paper 1 as well !

Use PQAL structure

How to analyse the evidence? How to write commentary? These questions will be answered using this method. We need to convey the deeper meaning behind the poem. This will help you nail the IB Literature paper 1.

PQAL stands for Point, Quote, Analysis, Link

It talks about how you introduce the quote and show its significance while writing the commentary. Students need to ask themselves, How does this quote associate to the point of your paragraph?

After finding out the point, try to find the most logical and appropriate quote that will provide evidence for the point. It need not be too comprehensive, it can be a few words. Make sure you place it in a sentence, rather than leaving it alone.

This is the part where we criticize the quote and break it down. For this step, try to use literary devices such as metaphors, imagery, alliteration etc. Make sure you use the proper terminology. You can find all the important literary terms down below.

This step is about linking back to the central idea/theme of the paragraph. 

What is a Poetic Device?

Poetic devices are a form of literary devices that are used in Poems. They are the components which make a poem, A POEM ! They help in enhancing and amplifying the mood of the material. Along with the poetic devices we have  ib poetry analysis example of each. 

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What are the types of Poetic devices?

Following are the Poetic Devices that you should know!

An allegory is used when a story or a poem are deciphered to have a secondary meaning.

“The Lion, the witch and the Wardrobe” by C.S Lewis

“Animal Farm” by George Orwell

“Young Goodman Brown” by Hawthrone 

Alliteration

Alliteration is the repetition of a sound or letter at the beginning of multiple words.

" F air is F oul, and F oul is F air:

Hover through the F rog and F ilthy air"

-Macbeth by William Shakespeare

It is an indirect reference

"I wish I could just click my heels."

-The Wizard of Oz

It is used when the writer/author addresses the person who is not present with an exclamation.

“Oh nature, thou art my goddess”

Assonance is the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in a series of words, phrases or syllables 

“Cl a p your h a nds and st a mp your feet.”

“Tr y to l i ght the f i re.”

Blank Verse

Blank verse is a verse which does not have any rhyme and uses iambic pentameter.

“But soft! What light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sen!”

-Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

It is when repetitive sounds are produced within a sentence or a phrase. 

“Who se woo ds are the se are I Think I know.

H is House is in the village though;.”

A simple two line poem that rhymes is a couplet. Each line shall consist of the same number of syllables. They are often silly.

“I have the measles and the mumps,

A gash, a rash and purple bumps”

It is the practice of running lines of poetry from one to the next without using any kind of punctuation to indicate a stop.

"I’m feeling rather sleepy, but

I really don’t know why. I guess it

Is the way the day has spun

Out of control"

It is used to appeal to the 5 senses in order to help readers imagine exactly what is being described.

“Two Roads diverged in a yellow wood,

And sorry I could not travel both

And be one traveler, long I stood

And looked down one as far I could

To where is bent in the undergrowth;”

-The Road not Taken

It is when a person delivering a statement is completely opposite to what they mean or what the reality of the situation is.

Trusting no man as his friend, he could not recognize his enemy when the latter actually appeared”

-The Sacred Letter

A metaphor compares one item with another by saying that it is the other item.

“I water it in fears, night and morning with my tears. I sunned it with smile”

-A Poison Tree

Traditional forms of verse use established rhythmic patterns called meters.

"I do not like green eggs and hams ,

I do not like them, Sam-I-Am "

It is an elaborate structured poem praising or glorifying an event or an event or individual.

Oh coffee maker,

As brewing your steam rises

And wafts through the air,

So i rise from fitful slumber

Onomatopoeia

Words which represent or imitates natural sounds

“Bright streaks whiz through the sky.

Thunk! Whoosh!

Brightly coloured explosions 

Sizzles and pop, pop, pop.”

The side by side placement of words that are contradictory in meaning

“I find no peace , and all my war is done

I fear and hope, I burn and freeze like ice,

I flee above the wind , yet I cannot rise ”

Personification

Personification is used when human qualities, feelings are given to a non living thing or inanimate objects. It is used to show that an item or thing has performed an action when in reality it has not/could not.

“The wind is whistling 

The clouds are crying

The trees are dancing 

The sun left us 

Because the winter is visiting us”

Winter (Janna ghossein)

Words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning; a play of words.

“If you were an angle, you would be acute”

Love Triangle (Lang leav)

Repeating a word or words to enhance effect

“Nobody

Can make it out here alone.

Alone, all alone 

Nobody, but nobody 

Can make it out here alone”

Rhetorical Question

Questions used for effects that are not be answered. This usually draws the audience’s attention into a specific area.

“I wonder if they like being raindrops?

I suppose they do

They always have friends around them

They never travel alone

Some people save them to wash their hair

They make trees grow”

Raindrop feelings (Tierra Jones)

Rhyme Scheme

A rhyming pattern that is created at the end  of lines of poetry.

Mary had a lamb, (A)

Its fleece as white as snow (B)

And everywhere that Mary went,  (C)

The lamb was sure to go (B)

Rhythm is a flow of the beat in a poem and gives poetry a musical feel.

"Be cause I  could not stop for death ,

He kindly stopped for me ;

The carri age held but just for our selves  

And imm or tality "

A comparison of two things by using the words “like” or “as”

“Mary had a lamb,

Its fleece as white as snow

And everywhere that Mary went,

The lamb was sure to go”

A poem of fourteen lines using any of a number of formal rhyme schemes, which has an iambic pentameter meter.

“Death be not proud.” —John Donne

“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” —William Shakespeare

A group of lines that helps to break up and organise how the poem appears

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IB English: A Complete Guide

Charles Whitehouse

In this comprehensive guide, we will explore IB English A, an integral part of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme . IB English A focuses on the analysis and appreciation of literature. As of 2024, the IB has made slight adjustments to the curriculum to enhance the diversity of literary works studied. These changes aim to better reflect global perspectives and ensure a more inclusive representation of authors and genres. The focus on intercultural understanding has been deepened, with more emphasis on post-colonial and contemporary texts. Its aim is to enhance students' analytical and communication skills while introducing them to diverse literary texts from various cultures and time periods.

Throughout this guide, we will delve into the two options: within IB English A: Literature and IB English A: Language and Literature . We will discuss their objectives, assessment methods, and the distinctions between SL and HL study options.

Whether you are currently enrolled in the course or considering it for the future, this guide will provide valuable insights and strategies for success in IB English A.

Why Study IBDP English A?

Studying IBDP English A offers many benefits for students who want a comprehensive understanding of language and literature. The two courses are an important part of the IBDP and provides a rigorous exploration of various literary works from different cultures, time periods, and genres. By engaging with texts from diverse origins, students develop critical thinking skills, broaden their perspectives, and cultivate empathy for different viewpoints.

IB English also emphasises intercultural understanding, encouraging students to appreciate the richness and complexity of human expression across different linguistic traditions.

Another advantage of taking IB English A is the development of strong communication skills in both writing and speaking. Through analysing texts, comparing works, and creative writing exercises, students learn to express their ideas effectively using appropriate language and stylistic devices.

Class discussions and presentations also require students to communicate their thoughts clearly and consider the needs of diverse audiences. These communication skills are not only valuable for academic success but also essential in professional and social settings beyond the classroom.

Assessment in IBDP English A encourages independent research and collaborative learning. Internal assessments include written tasks that allow students to explore literary topics creatively while developing their research skills.

External assessments consist of examinations that assess analytical abilities and the capacity to engage with unfamiliar texts under time constraints. By navigating these different assessment formats, students develop important skills such as adaptability, self-discipline, and resilience.

The assessment criteria were updated in 2024 to include a stronger focus on reflective writing and the ability to connect literary analysis to real-world contexts. The updated criteria aim to assess not only students' analytical skills but also their ability to relate literature to current global issues.

Considering these advantages, it is clear that IBDP English A provides a valuable educational experience for students who want to deepen their understanding of language, literature, and culture. This course offers not only subject-specific knowledge but also a range of transferable skills that contribute to personal growth and success in future endeavours.

The IB English Literature Syllabus

The IB English Literature course , available in the IB Diploma Programme , offers students a comprehensive exploration of literary works from diverse cultures and historical contexts. Throughout the course, students engage with various texts that include novels, plays, poems, and other literary forms.

The course aims to develop students' critical analysis, interpretation, and evaluation skills, while enhancing their appreciation for the artistic qualities of literature. By studying books like " Pride and Prejudice " by Jane Austen, "One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare, students gain insights into different cultural perspectives and time periods.

Divided into Standard Level and Higher Level, the course accommodates students with varying interests and proficiency levels in literary studies. HL students explore additional texts such as "Beloved" by Toni Morrison, "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and "A Doll's House" by Henrik Ibsen, delving deeper into specific aspects of literary analysis.

The course structure comprises four parts: Works in Translation, Detailed Study, Literary Genres, and Options. Students explore works like "Like Water for Chocolate" by Laura Esquivel, "Foe" by J.M. Coetzee, and "Wide Sargasso Sea" by Jean Rhys, among others, to deepen their understanding of literature from different perspectives, genres, and time periods.

By immersing themselves in these texts, students develop critical thinking skills, improve their reading and writing abilities, and broaden their cultural awareness. The IB English Literature course nurtures a lifelong appreciation for literature, while providing students with essential skills applicable to various academic and professional pursuits.

Through the exploration of diverse texts, students cultivate empathy, creativity, and a deeper understanding of the human experience across different cultures and time periods. Ultimately, this course equips students with valuable skills and knowledge that contribute to their personal growth and success in the wider world.

The IB English Language & Literature Syllabus

The IB English Language & Literature course invites students on a captivating journey of exploration, diving into the intricacies of language and literature. This course, available at both SL and HL, offers students a chance to delve into a diverse range of texts from different cultures, time periods, and genres.

In Part 1 of the course, students analyse an array of non-literary texts such as advertisements, speeches, opinion columns, and social media posts, gaining insights into their language features and persuasive techniques.

Part 2 immerses students in classic literary works from around the world. Texts like "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee, "1984" by George Orwell, and "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen allow students to explore themes, styles, and historical contexts, fostering a deeper appreciation for the power of literature.

For HL students, Parts 3 and 4 offer an even more enriching experience. In Part 3, students examine texts from various literary periods written by authors from diverse cultural backgrounds. They might delve into works like "One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel Garcia Marquez or "The Handmaid's Tale" by Margaret Atwood, analyzing how these texts reflect societal values and perspectives.

Part 4 delves into the dynamic relationship between language and power dynamics within society. Through texts such as "Animal Farm" by George Orwell or "The Color Purple" by Alice Walker, students explore how language can be used to challenge or reinforce existing power structures.

The 2024 syllabus has introduced several new texts, including “Homegoing” by Yaa Gyasi and “The Ministry of Utmost Happiness” by Arundhati Roy for English Literature HL, and “Exit West” by Mohsin Hamid for Language & Literature HL. These additions reflect a broader inclusion of voices from the Global South and address contemporary issues such as migration and identity.

By engaging with these thought-provoking texts, students develop critical thinking skills, expand their cultural awareness, and cultivate a deeper understanding of the complexities of language and literature. The IB English Language & Literature course empowers students to become active global citizens who appreciate the beauty of language and its profound impact on society.

Have a look at our comprehensive set of IB Resources that include IB Study Notes and IB Practice Questions , developed by expert IB teachers and examiners!

Should You Choose English Lit Or English Lang & Lit?

When considering the IB English A, students face a significant decision: choosing between English Literature and English Language & Literature. It is important to understand the distinctions between these courses in order to make an informed choice based on interests and academic goals.

English Literature focuses primarily on the critical analysis of literary works from diverse time periods, genres, and cultural backgrounds. Here are the pros and cons of choosing English Literature:

• Emphasis on analyzing and interpreting literary texts.
• Opportunity to explore the historical and cultural contexts of literature.
• Development of strong skills in essay writing and oral presentation.
• In-depth study of renowned literary works.
• Limited exposure to non-literary texts.
• Less emphasis on the use of language in various contexts.
• Potential for a narrower focus on literature alone.

On the other hand, English Language & Literature combines language and literature studies. It involves analysing both literary and non-literary texts, including advertisements, speeches, and news articles. Consider the pros and cons of choosing English Language & Literature:

• Investigation of the dynamic relationship between language and society.
• Examination of various modes of communication across cultures.
• Critical thinking about how language shapes our understanding of the world.
• Exposure to a broader range of texts, including both literary and non-literary sources.
• Less intensive study of individual literary works compared to English Literature.
• Potentially less emphasis on close textual analysis and interpretation.
• Reduced focus on the historical and cultural contexts of literature.

When making a decision between the two courses, students should consider their personal interests, strengths, and career aspirations. If passionate about delving into the depths of literature and analyzing specific works in detail, English Literature may be the ideal choice. Conversely, if interested in exploring the multifaceted role of language in society and a broader range of text types, English Language & Literature may be more engaging.

Ultimately, both courses offer valuable opportunities to explore language, literature, and culture. Students should carefully weigh the pros and cons of each course and choose the IB subject that aligns best with their academic journey and passions .

Is IB English Hard?

The question of whether IB English is hard is subjective and can vary depending on the individual student's strengths, interests, and level of commitment. While IB English can be a challenging IB subject , it also offers valuable opportunities for personal growth, intellectual development, and a deeper understanding of language and literature.

IB English requires students to engage with complex texts, analyse them critically, and express their ideas effectively through writing and oral presentations. The coursework may involve studying a variety of literary works, exploring different genres, and considering texts from diverse cultural and historical contexts. This can be demanding, as it requires students to develop strong analytical and interpretive skills, as well as a solid understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and literary devices.

Furthermore, class discussions and assignments may tackle complex themes and issues, requiring students to think critically and engage in meaningful dialogue. This can be intellectually challenging, as it demands a willingness to explore different perspectives and consider the broader social and cultural implications of texts.

However, it is important to note that the difficulty of IB English can vary for each individual. Some students may naturally excel in literary analysis and find the coursework more manageable, while others may find certain aspects more challenging. It is essential for students to be proactive, dedicated, and willing to invest time and effort into their studies in order to succeed in IB English.

While the mean grades achieved in IB English Literature HL (4.87) and IB English Language & Literature HL (5.13) in 2021 provide insight into the overall performance of students, it is important to remember that these statistics do not solely reflect the level of difficulty of the courses. They are an indication of the average achievement, but individual experiences may differ.

Number of IB English A SL & HL candidates and mean grades in 2021

IB English Literature Vs A-Level English Literature

In order to make informed decisions about academic pathways, it is important to compare IB English Literature with another prominent international curriculum, A-Level English Literature . By understanding the key differences between these rigorous programs, students can better determine which course aligns with their interests and goals.

One significant difference lies in the course structure. IB English Literature takes a holistic approach, exploring works from diverse genres, time periods, and cultures. Students analyse texts critically and appreciate their global significance. In contrast, A-Level English Literature primarily focuses on British literature and its historical development. Students delve deeply into specific literary movements, examining the contextual influences. Thus, while both courses emphasise literary analysis, their content coverage differs significantly.

Assessment methods also provide a basis for comparison. The IB English Literature course employs a combination of internal assessments (such as written tasks) and external assessments (such as essays and oral presentations). These varied evaluation tools aim to develop well-rounded individuals capable of effective expression across different formats. In contrast, A-Level English Literature assessments primarily consist of written examinations that assess analytical skills and comprehension of prescribed texts. Both curricula demand critical thinking, but they employ different assessment formats.

An expert A-Level English tutor said:

"As an A-Level English tutor, I tell students that A-Level English focuses deeply on British books, while IB English covers a wider range of books from all over the world. If students like learning about different cultures and histories through literature, IB English might be better for them. It's important for students to think about what kinds of books they enjoy when they choose their course."

Considering these distinctions, students should reflect on their academic preferences when choosing a course. Those who enjoy exploring diverse literary landscapes and developing versatile communication skills may find IB English Literature more suitable. Meanwhile, those with a strong interest in delving deeper into British literature may opt for A-Level English Literature.

For a further in-depth comparison for all subjects, read IB Vs A-Levels - A Comprehensive Guide .

What Level Of English Should You Choose In The IB?

When considering IB English, one crucial decision students face is whether to pursue the Standard Level or Higher Level course in either English Literature or English Language & Literature. This choice significantly impacts the depth and breadth of their study in the subject. Understanding the differences between SL and HL in both English Literature and English Language & Literature can help students make an informed decision based on their language proficiency, interests, and academic goals.

In English Literature, both SL and HL provide students with an opportunity to explore and analyse a range of literary works from different genres, time periods, and cultural contexts. However, HL requires students to study a more extensive selection of texts and engage in more in-depth analysis and interpretation. HL students tackle complex themes, develop advanced analytical skills, and demonstrate a deeper understanding of the literary works studied.

In English Language & Literature, both SL and HL offer a combination of language and literature studies. SL covers a diverse range of texts, allowing students to explore how language is used and manipulated to convey meaning in different contexts. HL expands on this foundation by examining a wider variety of texts and delving deeper into the relationship between language and power dynamics within society.

The decision between SL and HL in either English Literature or English Language & Literature should be based on individual strengths, language proficiency, interests, and academic aspirations. HL is suitable for students with a strong command of English, a passion for literature, and a desire for more extensive and in-depth study. SL provides a solid foundation for students who want to develop their language and analytical skills while exploring a range of texts.

It is worth noting that HL entails a more demanding workload with additional requirements, such as an extended essay and a study of works in translation. Students should carefully consider their capabilities, commitment, and time management skills when deciding whether to pursue HL.

By carefully considering these factors, students can choose the level and course (English Literature or English Language & Literature) that best aligns with their goals for success in the IB English program.

IB English A SL & HL grade distributions in 2021

IB English Lit and English Lang & Lit Grading System And Exam Format

Both IB English Literature and Language & Literature aim to develop critical thinking skills, a deep understanding of literature, and effective communication. The assessment process includes internal and external components designed to evaluate language proficiency, literary analysis, and communication skills.

The grading system in both IB courses uses a numerical scale ranging from 1 (lowest) to 7 (highest). Each level corresponds to specific descriptors reflecting abilities in reading comprehension, written expression, oral communication, and analytical thinking. Attaining a high grade signifies a strong command of the English language and excellence in literary analysis and creative expression.

While both courses share similarities in their grading system, the exam format differs. In IB English Literature, written examinations include Paper 1 (Literary Commentary) and Paper 2 (Comparative Essay) , which are externally assessed. These exams test critical analysis skills by analysing unseen texts and comparing works studied throughout the course.

In contrast, the exam format for IB English Language & Literature includes Paper 1 (Textual Analysis) and Paper 2 (Essay Writing) , which are also externally assessed. Paper 1 focuses on analysing unseen texts, while Paper 2 requires students to produce well-structured essays that demonstrate their understanding and interpretation of the texts.

Navigating the complexities of the grading system and exam format may initially seem challenging. However, understanding these components enhances students' chances of success in IB English Literature and Language & Literature.

How To Study And Get A 7 In IB English?

After understanding the significance of achieving a desirable grade in IB English, it is important to explore effective strategies that can lead students towards excellence, with the ultimate goal of obtaining a 7 – the highest level of mastery and understanding.

To maximize their chances of success, students can employ various revision techniques and tips. A systematic approach to preparation is crucial, starting with the creation of a study schedule that allocates specific time for reading, writing, and oral assessments. This ensures an organized structure and helps maintain balance across different components of the course.

Regular practice with past exam questions is invaluable, as it familiarizes students with the format and expectations of the examination, and allows them to refine their skills.

Developing strong analytical skills is another key aspect of successful revision. In-depth analysis of texts throughout the course enables students to identify literary techniques and themes used by authors, enhancing their understanding and appreciation of the works. Engaging with secondary sources, such as critical essays, participating in group discussions and seeking guidance from teachers or professional IB tutors , can provide alternative viewpoints and deepen comprehension.

Mastering written expression is vital for achieving high scores in Paper 1 and Paper 2 examinations. Consistent practice in composing well-structured essays under timed conditions improves time management during exams and allows for valuable feedback from peers or instructors. Utilizing a varied vocabulary, constructing coherent arguments, and incorporating relevant textual evidence are essential components of producing sophisticated essays that earn top marks in IB English.

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Overview Of the IB English Literature Internal Assessment

The internal assessment is a vital part of the IB English Literature program, offering students an opportunity to showcase their analytical and interpretative skills beyond the exams. Comprising 30% of the final grade, the Individual Oral Commentary (IOC) requires students to provide a detailed analysis of a passage from one of their studied works, demonstrating a deep understanding of literary devices and their connections to form, meaning, and context.

To excel in the IOC, students are advised by senior IB English tutors to practice extensively, engaging with passages from each work studied. Mock IOCs and guidance from teachers are valuable, but self-directed practice is also crucial. By honing analytical skills and improving oral expression, students gain confidence in discerning significant features within texts and articulating their observations effectively.

Through diligent preparation, persistent practice, and a commitment to growth, students can attain success in the internal assessment, contributing to their overall achievement in the IB English Literature program.

Overview Of the IB English Language And Literature Internal Assessment

Within the vast landscape of IB English Language and Literature, the internal assessment stands as a significant component. This crucial element allows students to deepen their understanding and appreciation of literary and linguistic works.

The internal assessment aims to foster independent exploration and critical thinking, encouraging students to actively engage in their intellectual journey. It consists of two main components: the Individual Oral Commentary and the Written Task 1. The oral presentation involves analyzing an unseen passage from a studied text, while the written task requires creating a creative piece inspired by course materials.

Evaluation criteria encompass understanding and interpretation, analysis, language use, and presentation skills. Students must demonstrate comprehension, identify literary techniques, support arguments with evidence, and effectively communicate ideas.

By embracing the challenges and meeting the standards of the internal assessment, students can progress towards mastery in the IB English Language and Literature program.

Top Resources For IB English Preparation

Preparing for the International Baccalaureate (IB) English course can be overwhelming due to the abundance of available resources. However, focusing on the most valuable ones can greatly enhance your preparation and set you up for success. This list provides an overview of essential resources that will guide you through your IB English journey. By utilizing these resources, you can improve your understanding of the subject, develop important skills, and increase your chances of achieving academic excellence.

1. Official IB materials:

• Past papers: Reviewing past papers provides insight into the structure and style of questions, allowing you to practice under timed conditions.
• Examiner reports: These reports highlight common errors and areas where students often struggle, offering guidance for targeted revision strategies.
• Subject guides: Subject guides outline what is expected from students in terms of knowledge and skills development.
• Assessment criteria: Familiarise yourself with the assessment criteria to understand how your work will be evaluated.

2. Online platforms:

• IB Prepared: A comprehensive platform designed by experienced educators offering study guides, exam-style questions, video tutorials, and more.
• Kognity : An interactive digital textbook that combines engaging content with automated assessments, providing instant feedback on your progress.
• InThinking : A subscription-based service that grants access to detailed resources created by experienced IB teachers across all subjects, including English.

3. Revision guides and textbooks:

• " IB English A: Language and Literature " by Rob Allison and Brian Chanen: This comprehensive guide covers the entire IB English A Language and Literature syllabus, providing in-depth analysis of texts, practice activities, and exam-style questions.
• " IB English A: Literature Course Book " by David James and Nic Amy: This course book offers a thorough exploration of literature texts, including analysis, discussion questions, and guidance for written tasks.
• "IB English A: Language and Literature Skills and Practice" by Hannah Tyson and Mark Beverley: This workbook focuses on developing essential skills for IB English, such as essay writing, textual analysis, and oral presentations.

4. Literary analysis websites:

• Shmoop : This website provides in-depth analysis and explanations of complex texts studied in the course, helping you better understand the literature.
• SparkNotes: SparkNotes offers study guides, summaries, and analysis of literary works, supporting your comprehension and interpretation of texts.

5. Study groups with peers: Collaborating with classmates through study groups allows for deep discussions about texts, fosters critical thinking skills, and provides a supportive learning environment.

6. Private tutors: Hiring a private IB English tutor can provide personalized guidance and support tailored to your specific needs, helping you improve your understanding, skills, and exam performance.

These resources cover a range of materials, including practice papers, study guides, textbooks, online platforms, literary analysis websites, and private tutors. By incorporating these top resources into your study routine, you'll gain valuable insights, receive targeted feedback, and have access to comprehensive materials tailored to the IB English curriculum. Maximise your preparation and excel in your IB English journey with these essential resources.

Enhanced Focus on Reflective Writing in 2024

With the new assessment updates introduced in 2024, reflective writing has taken on a more prominent role in both IB English Literature and Language & Literature courses. Reflective writing requires students to connect their analysis of literary works with broader global issues and personal experiences. This addition aims to deepen students' understanding of literature's relevance to the real world and enhance their critical thinking skills.

Increased Representation of Global Voices in the 2024 Syllabus

The IB has made a concerted effort to diversify its curriculum by incorporating more works from authors in the Global South. This change, effective from 2024, introduces students to a wider array of perspectives, particularly focusing on post-colonial narratives and contemporary global issues. By studying texts from a more varied selection of authors, students can develop a richer understanding of literature’s role in reflecting and shaping societal values.

Exploring Career and University Opportunities With IB English

Embarking on the English journey as part of the IB curriculum not only enriches your understanding of language and literature but also opens up a world of career and university opportunities. The skills and knowledge gained from studying IB English can be applied to various fields and pathways, giving you a competitive edge in the ever-evolving global landscape.

1. Publishing Professional : With strong literary analysis and communication skills, you can pursue careers as editors, literary agents, or content creators in the publishing industry. You will contribute to shaping and promoting literary works for publication.

2. Journalist: The critical analysis and effective communication skills developed in IB English make you well-suited for journalism careers. You can work as a reporter, editor, or news writer, delivering informative and engaging stories to the public.

3. English Teacher : IB English provides a solid foundation for becoming an English teacher or online tutor . You can inspire and educate future generations, sharing your passion for literature and language with students.

4. Advertising and Marketing Specialist: The persuasive writing and audience engagement skills cultivated in IB English are valuable in the advertising and marketing industry. You can create compelling content and develop effective communication strategies to promote products or services.

5. Public Relations Professional: Leveraging your strong oral and written communication skills, you can excel in public relations roles. You will manage communication and build relationships between organisations and their target audiences.

6. Content Writer: The ability to analyze and interpret texts acquired in IB English opens doors to content writing roles. You can create impactful written materials for various platforms, including websites, blogs, and social media.

University Degrees:

1. English Literature : IB English prepares you for degrees in English literature, where you can explore the rich literary tradition and analyze diverse texts from different time periods and cultures.

2. Comparative Literature: Studying IB English provides a strong foundation for pursuing degrees in comparative literature, allowing you to examine the connections and contrasts between various literary works and traditions.

3. Creative Writing: With the skills developed in IB English, you can pursue a degree in creative writing, honing your craft in writing poetry, fiction, or plays.

4. Linguistics : IB English complements studies in linguistics, where you can delve into the scientific study of language, its structure, and its role in communication.

5. Translation Studies: The exploration of language in IB English provides a strong foundation for studies in translation, preparing you for a career as a professional translator or interpreter.

6. Humanities and Social Sciences: The skills and knowledge gained in IB English complement various disciplines within the humanities and social sciences, offering a solid academic background for degrees in fields such as history, sociology, psychology, or political science.

The skills developed in IB English, including critical thinking, analysis, research, and effective communication, are highly valued by universities and employers alike. Whether you choose a career directly related to literature and language or pursue other fields, IB English equips you with transferable skills that are applicable across diverse industries. By embracing the opportunities provided by IB English, you can carve a path towards a fulfilling career and gain admission to reputable universities around the world.

What Is A Good IB English Literature Score?

A good IB English Literature score is typically achieved by earning a grade of 5 or higher. This indicates a strong performance in the subject and exceeds the average HL grade, which is 4.87. Scoring 5 or above reflects a solid understanding of literary concepts, effective analysis, and the ability to articulate ideas coherently.

To attain such a score, students should demonstrate proficiency in areas such as literary analysis, critical interpretation, and effective written communication. Achieving a good score in IB English Literature showcases a strong command of the subject and contributes to a successful overall performance.

What Is A Good IB English Language & Literature Score?

A good IB English Language & Literature score is typically achieved by earning a grade of 6 or higher. This reflects a strong performance in the subject and exceeds the average high-level (HL) grade, which is 5.13. Scoring 6 or above signifies a solid understanding of language, literature analysis, and effective communication skills. It demonstrates the ability to critically analyze texts, interpret their meaning, and express ideas coherently.

To attain a good score in IB English Language & Literature, students should showcase proficiency in areas such as textual analysis, language features, and writing techniques. Achieving a score of 6 or higher showcases excellence in the subject and contributes to a successful overall performance.

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Written by: Charles Whitehouse

Charles scored 45/45 on the International Baccalaureate and has six years' experience tutoring IB and IGCSE students and advising them with their university applications. He studied a double integrated Masters at Magdalen College Oxford and has worked as a research scientist and strategy consultant.

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Tips for Analyzing Poetry in IB English

February 19, 2024

The International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum offers a wealth of new knowledge acquisition for students—often encouraging them to challenge themselves with new methods of inquiry. The IB English course does this well by asking students to analyze many mediums of communication, one of those being poetry. Aegis Advisors’ IB English tutors in Hong Kong have observed, through their hundreds of lessons, that poetry analysis seems particularly difficult for many IB students, especially those who have not traditionally enjoyed literary coursework. Our IB English tutors in Hong Kong came together to share some tips for students learning how to analyze poetry. This list is by no means exhaustive but rather a start when students are feeling overwhelmed by their poetry assignments. 

• You can never read a poem too many times. 

Many students get frustrated with poetry because on the first read, the meaning is not immediately clear. This makes sense for poetry because so often there are so many literary and structural devices being used that it is impossible to understand them all from one read. Students are usually accustomed to reading a text and immediately understanding the content, so of course it would be frustrating to have a poem which initially refuses to yield meaning. Our IB English tutors in Hong Kong know that reading a poem many times, each time focusing on a different aspect of the poem is key to understanding. We suggest reading the poem a first time, then a second time going stanza by stanza, and writing what you think you are understanding from each stanza for content. Then a student could try to read out loud so see what the poem sounds like. Then a student could examine the structure of the poem by reading for form: Where are the phrases vs. sentences? Which words are alone and which in longer lines? To try and get all of these nuances in one reading is impossible. Our IB English tutors in Hong Kong believe that a student must be meticulous in the focus of each reading to decipher all the aspects of a poem.

• How do the pieces relate to one another?

After reading the poem several times for different aspects, students should start a list of their observations and see if they can find any patterns. Maybe the tone of the poem and its form change at the same time. Maybe there are repeats of similar words? Maybe the rhyming scheme changes based on the content. Poetry allows for so many tricks and possibilities that many connections can be made by just listing observations, according to our IB Eng lish tutors in Hong Kong. 

• Look at the context.

Another suggestion from our IB English tutors in Hong Kong is to look at the context of a poem to aid in the analysis. Students should find out information about the author and the environment they lived in. What major world events were happening during their lifetime? How might those circumstances be represented in the work of poetry a student analyzed? This type of context can also help students feeling stuck on understanding the content of a poem. If a student knows what was happening around when this poem was written and some information about the author, they can try and find the author’s perspective in the poem which might lead to new conclusions. 

Aegis Advisors’ expert IB English tutors in Hong Kong know that poetry is challenging. Tutors can help so much with this skill by doing poetry analysis alongside their students as they practice this new skill. Having a tutor can encourage students to expand into deeper thinking about their own observations and alert them to new ways of thinking about text. Overall, using these tips and having tutor support can greatly assist students who are struggling with poetry and IB english in general. We are committed to teaching our students and helping them find passions and new perspective through their coursework in a way that builds academic determination and interest.  Contact us for any IB English tutoring, as well as academic support in all major curriculums and test preparation. We are excited to begin working with you at any time of the year!

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Privacy Overview

• Support Sites

English A: Language and Literature Support Site

Welcome to the Support Site for  English A: Language and Literature for the IB Diploma Programme . This Support Site, created by Brad Philpot , offers teachers and students support by providing access to thematic units, practice papers, student examples and discussion groups. New pages appear weekly .  Subscribe   for only €40 for full access to all content for 365 days.

• Subscribe now Log in

Recently added pages

• Comic and graphic novels
• Past Paper 1s
• Portfolio workflow
• Paper 1 practice and samples
• Unit: Carol Ann Duffy (P1)
• Unit: Thomas L. Friedman (P1)
• Upcoming workshops
• The textbook

Guide and outline

This section includes a summary of the guide to English A: Language and Literature for the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme and a course outline, as used by Mr. Philpot with his classes. For a detailed understanding of the guide, see the official, copyrighted document by the IB. 

• Quick guide to the guide
• Course aims and ATLs
• Reading requirements
• Areas of Exploration
• Course assessment
• Course outline
• Model analysis
• Bad analysis
• Readers, writers, texts
• Intertextuality: connecting texts
• Stylistic devices
• Diction, tone and mood

Learner portfolios

The IB has two requirements as far as the 'learner portfolio' is concerned: 

• Students must have a learner portfolio and 
• it must include a list of the works explored in class. 

In theory, the IB can ask for access to the student's portfolio to support IO marks and the predicted grade. In practice, this never happens.

The following pages present a way to organise the Learner Portfolio. While it is not prescriptive, it certainly reflects common practice in international schools. More importantly this method of organising the Learner Portfolio is a tool for addressing the IB's approaches to teaching and learning (ATLs). 

• Unit template
• Portfolio-building tools
• A portfolio rubric

Portfolio activities

Throughout the Language and Literature course you will engage with a range of texts by doing many activities both in and out of the classroom. You may take notes or make mind maps. You may write a short story or annotate a short story. At some point, you have to decide what to put into your portfolio and where to put it in your portfolio. Here examples of portfolio activities for you to explore.

• Bull's-eye analysis
• Gallery of texts
• Creative response
• Letter to author
• Draw the chapter
• Tableau vivant
• Infographic
• Venn diagram
• Not available

Units on literary works

These units explore a range of literary works. Each unit follows a series of 6 steps (see portfolio workflow ) that take about 18-24 lessons (of 50 minutes) to complete. The activities encourage students to engage with the anchor text or 'work' while developing skills for a form of assessment which can be found in the unit title in parentheses: P1, P2, the IO or the HLE. 

• Carol Ann Duffy (P1)
• The Reluctant Fundamentalist (IO)
• The Tempest (IO)
• The White Tiger (P2)
• Klara and the Sun (P2)
• Naomi Shihab Nye (IO)
• Persepolis (P2)
• Barefoot Gen (P2)
• The Great Gatsby
• The Fat Black Woman's Poems
• 10.1.2 The language of poetry
• 2.1 The Bluest Eye
• Sylvia Plath poetry

Units on non-lit works

These units explore a range of non-literary works. Each unit follows a series of 6 steps (see  portfolio workflow ) that take about 18-24 lessons (of 50 minutes) to complete. The activities encourage students to engage with the anchor text or 'work' while developing skills for a form of assessment which can be found in the unit title in parentheses: P1, P2, the IO or the HLE. 

• Greta Thunberg (P1)
• Thomas L. Friedman (P1)
• Homecoming King (IO)
• Parasite (IO)
• The Social Dilemma (HLE)
• Banksy (IO)
• 13th Amendment
• The American Meme
• Dove Real Beauty (IO)
• Funmi Fetto (opinion)
• Diesel 'Stupid'
• Shepard Fairey graphic art
• Key and Peele
• Liza Donnelly Cartoons
• Gordon Parks' photography
• McD's 1970s African Americans

Every non-literary text or literary work that you study is an example of a text type, which follows or breaks the conventions of its text type to some extent. In preparation for assessment, it helps to understand the conventions of various text types, so that you can evaluate writers' choices of style and structure. The pages of this Support Site provide you with points of reference for developing an understanding of a range of text types. 

• Comics and graphic novels
• Infographics
• Letters of complaint
• Magazine covers
• News articles
• Opinion piece
• Personal letters
• Propaganda posters
• Prose fiction
• Photography

Paper 1 is an unseen, externally assessed exam. At standard level (SL) you have 1 hour and 15 minutes to write an analysis on 1 of the 2 unseen, non-literary texts. At higher level (HL) you have 2 hours and 15 minutes write 2 separate analyses, one on each of the 2 stimulus texts. At both HL and SL, each text is accompanied by a 'guiding question' which asks you to explore both a stylistic feature and theme of the stimulus text. This guiding question forms the main thrust of your analysis. At SL and HL, Paper 1 counts toward 35% of your final grade. This section of the Support Site offers you examples of (marked) student work, skills and practice activities, and general guidance. 

• Paper 1 instructions
• P1 SL/HL assessment criteria
• P1 Grade boundaries
• Do's and Don'ts of Paper 1
• Paper 1 skills
• Practice Paper 1s and samples
• A unit on Paper 1
• Paper 1 planning
• Annotating Paper 1
• CAMPS (mystery texts!)
• P1 Thesis statements
• Mind mapping thesis statements
• P1 Paragraphing (PEEL)
• The language of analysis
• Unpacking guiding questions
• P1 Feedback

To prepare for Paper 1, you will need to practice effectively and frequently. The following pages provide you with several skill-building activities that you can do as a class, with classmates or individually in preparation for your Paper 1 exam. 

Paper 2 is an externally assessed, comparative essay on two works of literature and 1 of 4 unseen essay questions. Both higher and standard level students of the Language and Literature course  and  the Literature course receive the same 4 essay questions and have 1 hour and 45 minutes to write their essay. At SL, Paper 2 counts toward 35% of your final grade. At higher level, Paper 2 counts toward 25% of your final grade. The assessment criteria are the same at SL and HL. This section offers you examples of (marked) student scripts, skills and practice activities, practice papers and guidance. 

• Paper 2 Instructions
• P2 criteria SL/HL (current and new!)
• Paper 2 Examples
• P2 Grade boundaries
• Do's and Don'ts of Paper 2
• Practice Paper 2 questions
• Paper 2 examples
• Past Paper 2s
• Giving feedback on Paper 2
• Paper 2 preparation

P2 Examples

The following pages include examples of student 'scripts', many of which were written by students under exam conditions. They have been marked according to the assessment criteria by an experienced examiner. Study these examples to gain a better sense of what is expected from you. 

• Slaughter House V and The Things They Carried
• A Farewell to Arms and As I Lay Dying
• A Doll's House and A Streetcar Named Desire
• Disgrace & The Tempest
• Persepolis & The Bluest Eye
• Persepolis and Barefoot Gen
• The Great Gatsby & The Reluctant Fundamentalist
• The Color Purple and Things Fall Apart

Paper 2 may be one of the most challenging forms of assessment in the Language and Literature course. Even though the exam questions are unknown, you needn't go to the exam room unprepared. There is a lot that you can do to prepare for this exam. These skill-building activities help you prepare for your Paper 2 exam. 

• Connecting works
• Unpacking P2 questions
• P2 Thesis statements
• P2 Paragraphing (PEACE ACT and Big Macs!)
• Scrambled Paper 2
• The language of comparative analysis

As the title suggest, the HL Essay is only for higher level students. It is a 1,200-1,500-word essay on a literary work or non-literary body of work, which has not been used for another form of assessment. The essay must explore a 'line of inquiry' of choice. The line of inquiry may explore one or more of the seven concepts from this course. 20 Marks are available for this component of assessment (5 marks x 4 criteria) for 20% of the student's final grade. 

• HLE Assessment criteria
• HLE grade boundaries
• HLE examples
• Unit: the HL Essay
• Writing a line of inquiry
• HLE builder
• HLE paragraphing (TEASER)

HLE Examples

The following pages include examples of HL essays. They have been marked according to the assessment criteria by an experienced examiner. Study these examples to gain a better sense of what is expected from you. 

• The Great Gatsby (HLE)
• Key and Peele (HLE)
• Persepolis (HLE)
• Lance Armstrong (HLE)
• Hamilton (HLE)
• Inside (HLE)
• Othello (HLE)

What kinds of skills are needed to write a good HL Essay? Many of the skills that you have learned for your Paper 1 and Paper 2 are also relevant for the HL Essay. You will need to have a strong thesis statement, coherent paragraphs and relevant examples from primary texts. But it's important to design a good line of inquiry, conduct research and cite sources. The following pages help you develop these skills and more. 

Individual oral

The individual oral (IO) is a 10-minute presentation on 1 literary and 1 non-literary text and a global issue, followed by a 5 minute discussion between the student and the teacher. Students speak for 5 minutes on each (extract from a) text, showing how the author of each text explores a global issue. Students select the texts and the global issue and prepare a one-page outline of no more than 10 bullet points. During the exam with their teacher, students must bring the outline and unannotated copies of the extracts. Students must notify teachers of their choices of texts and issues at least one week before the exam. The IO is internally assessed by students' teachers, using the assessment criteria . At SL the IO counts toward 30% of your final grade. At HL the IO counts toward 20% of your final grade. This section offers you (marked) examples of student performances, skills and practice activities and guidance. 

• Introducing the IO
• IO SL/HL Assessment criteria
• IO Grade boundaries
• Individual oral FAQs
• Do's and Don'ts of the IO
• IO Checklist
• IO Discussion questions
• IO moderator's notes

IO Examples

The following pages include recordings of example individual orals (IOs). They have been marked according to the assessment criteria by an experienced examiner. Study these examples to gain a better sense of what is expected from you.

• Fitzgerald and Fischer
• Chopin and Kellogg's
• Nichols and SlimTea
• The Bluest Eye and American Beauty
• The Bluest Eye and Banksy
• Lizzo and Always
• Parks and Othello
• Plath and Depression Comix

The individual oral is a performance. As with any performance, there are many skills that contribute to a good performance. What do you need to work on before your individual oral is ready to perform? These pages offer you activities to help you develop your skills for the individual oral.  

• Outlining the IO
• Connecting to the issue
• Timings, transitions and signposts
• Global issues
• Teacher workshops

Upcoming online workshops for teachers of English A: Language and Literature by Brad Philpot.

Teachers can attend a live online workshop or purchase access to the recordings of a past workshop. 

For a tailored face-to-face or online workshop to your (school's) specific wishes, please send an email to  [email protected]  for a quote and availability.

• Teaching English A: Language & Literature (experienced teachers)
• New to teaching English A: Language and Literature
• Deep Dive: Paper 1
• Deep Dive: Paper 2
• Deep Dive: HL Essay
• Deep Dive: Individual Oral

Course Dashboard

Literature Extended Essay Topics for IB Students

Writing your Literature Extended Essay is a significant milestone in your IB Diploma Programme . Having gone through this process myself, I’ve gained valuable insights along the way. Now, I’m eager to offer guidance that can help you succeed. Choosing the ideal topic is crucial; it can transform this assignment from a basic requirement into fascinating personal academic research.

Understanding the Literature Extended Essay

Let’s look at what the Literature Extended Essay involves. According to the general IB criteria, this assignment offers an excellent opportunity to engage in a literary analysis or investigation of genuine interest. It is a unique platform to showcase your analytical skills, ability to construct a compelling argument, and, most importantly, your passion for literature. In my extensive experience, I’ve found that students who choose topics that resonate with them write perfect works and find the research process deeply satisfying and enlightening.

The nature of the Literature Extended Essay is not simply to fulfill a requirement. This paper encourages you to become a critical thinker, to question and analyze the narratives and voices that have shaped literary discourse. Whether it’s investigating the intricate layers of character development, the nuanced use of symbolism and theme, or the impact of historical and cultural contexts on literature, the Extended Essay challenges you to go far from just reading. It invites you to actively participate in the literary conversation, bringing your insights and interpretations.

In addition, the Literature Extended Essay is an exercise in academic rigor and discipline. It requires you to hone your research skills, critically examine multiple sources, and synthesize your findings into a coherent and persuasive argument. This process is beneficial not only to your academic growth but can also help to develop skills invaluable in real life: analytical thinking, effective communication, and the ability to engage with complex ideas critically.

So, this paper is an opportunity to leave your mark on the literary world and add your voice to the ongoing dialogue about what it means to be human, as reflected in literature.

Wondering about the expenses involved in creating an Extended Essay? Our latest article provides a precise cost analysis to help you budget effectively.

IB Literature Extended Essay Topics and Research Questions

Below are a few topics with accompanying research questions that span various literary genres, periods, and themes. These ideas may inspire you to think critically about literature and its myriad interpretations:

• The Evolution of the Tragic Hero in Classical vs. Modern Literature . How has the concept of the tragic hero evolved from classical Greek tragedies to contemporary literature?
• Gender Dynamics in 19th Century Literature . How do Jane Austen’s novels critique the gender dynamics and societal expectations of the 19th century?
• The Influence of Colonialism on Postcolonial Literature . How does Chinua Achebe’s “Things Fall Apart” depict the impacts of colonialism on traditional African society?
• The Representation of Mental Illness in Modernist Literature . How do Virginia Woolf’s novels reflect the modernist perspective on mental illness and its social implications?
• The Role of Nature in Romantic Poetry . How do William Wordsworth’s poems portray nature, and what role does it play in expressing romantic ideals?
• Dystopian Visions: A Comparison of 20th vs. 21st Century Literature . How do the dystopian visions in George Orwell’s “1984” compare with those in Margaret Atwood’s “The Handmaid’s Tale”?
• The Quest for Identity in Adolescent Literature . How is the quest for personal identity depicted in J.D. Salinger’s “The Catcher in the Rye”?
• Magic Realism and Cultural Identity . How does Gabriel García Márquez use magic realism in “One Hundred Years of Solitude” to research themes of cultural identity?
• The Gothic Tradition: Fear and Morality . In what ways does Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein” use gothic elements to depict themes of morality and human fear?
• Satire and Social Commentary in “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” How does Mark Twain use satire in “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” to comment on the social issues of his time?
• The Symbolism of the Travelling in Literature . How is the travel motif used symbolically in Homer’s “The Odyssey” and its significance in the context of ancient Greek society?
• Feminism and the Subversion of Gender Roles in Literature . How do the works of Charlotte Perkins Gilman, specifically “The Yellow Wallpaper,” subvert traditional gender roles?
• The Concept of Justice in “To Kill a Mockingbird.” How does Harper Lee’s “To Kill a Mockingbird” show the concept of justice within the context of racial inequality in America?
• The Impact of War on the Human Spirit in Hemingway’s Works . How do Ernest Hemingway’s wartime experiences influence his portrayal of the human spirit in “A Farewell to Arms”?
• Literary Devices in Depicting Cultural Clash in “The Joy Luck Club.” What literary devices does Amy Tan use in “The Joy Luck Club” to depict the clash of cultures between Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-born daughters?
• The Depiction of the American Dream in 20th Century American Literature . How is the American Dream portrayed and critiqued in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby”?
• The Role of the Supernatural in Shakespeare’s Plays . How does William Shakespeare use supernatural elements in “Macbeth” to influence characters and advance the plot?
• The Concept of Freedom in Post-War American Literature . How do Jack Kerouac’s “On the Road” and other Beat Generation works depict the theme of freedom in post-war America?
• The Research of Existentialism in European Literature . How is existentialism represented in Albert Camus’ “The Stranger”?
• The Representation of Race and Identity in Contemporary African American Literature . How does Toni Morrison’s “Beloved” show the complexities of race and identity in post-Civil War America?
• The Use of Mythology in Modern Fantasy Literature . How does J.R.R. Tolkien incorporate Norse and Anglo-Saxon mythology elements in “The Lord of the Rings” series?
• The Literary Portrayal of Women during the Victorian Era . How do the female characters in Charlotte Brontë’s “Jane Eyre” challenge Victorian-era norms and expectations?
• The Impact of Digital Culture on Contemporary Literature . How do novels like Dave Eggers’ “The Circle” reflect societal concerns about digital culture and privacy?
• The Psychological Depth in the Characters of Chekhov’s Short Stories . How does Anton Chekhov use psychological realism to develop complex characters in his short stories?
• The theme of Isolation in 20th-Century Poetry . How do the poems of T.S. Eliot, particularly “The Waste Land,” convey themes of isolation and alienation in the 20th century?
• The Evolution of the Bildungsroman Genre in European Literature . How does “The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling” by Henry Fielding exemplify the evolution of the Bildungsroman genre?
• The Depiction of Political Upheaval in Latin American Literature . How is political upheaval and its impact on individuals depicted in Isabel Allende’s “The House of the Spirits”?
• The Influence of the French Revolution on British Romantic Poetry . How did the French Revolution influence the themes and styles of British Romantic poets such as William Blake and William Wordsworth?
• The Use of Satire in Dystopian Literature . How is satire used to critique societal norms in Aldous Huxley’s “Brave New World”?
• The Depiction of Artificial Intelligence in Science Fiction Literature . How does Philip K. Dick’s “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?” depict the ethical implications of artificial intelligence and what it means to be human?
• The Representation of Urban Landscapes in Modernist Poetry . How do poets like T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound depict urban landscapes to reflect the complexities of modern life?
• Family Dynamics in Contemporary Drama . How do modern playwrights like Tracy Letts use family dynamics to explore themes of dysfunction and reconciliation?
• The Influence of Fairy Tales on Modern Fantasy Literature . How have traditional fairy tales influenced the narrative structures and themes in J.K. Rowling’s “Harry Potter” series?
• The Literary Portrayal of Historical Revolutions . How is the French Revolution depicted in Charles Dickens’ “A Tale of Two Cities”?
• Religion and Morality in Medieval Literature . How are themes of religion and morality intertwined in Dante Alighieri’s “The Divine Comedy”?
• The Evolution of the Female Protagonist in 20th Century Literature . How have female protagonists in literature evolved from the early to late 20th century, particularly in works by Virginia Woolf and Toni Morrison?
• Cross-Cultural Conflicts in Immigrant Literature . How do authors like Amy Tan and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie portray cross-cultural conflicts in their narratives?
• The Role of Dreams in Symbolic Literature . How are dreams used as a symbolic element in Franz Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis”?
• The Depiction of Suburban Life in American Literature . How does John Cheever use the setting of the American suburbs to critique societal norms and values?
• The Influence of Classical Literature on Modern Dystopian Works . How are themes from classical literature reinterpreted in modern dystopian novels like Suzanne Collins’ “The Hunger Games”?
• The Role of Silence in Dramatic Literature . How is silence used as a dramatic tool in Harold Pinter’s plays?
• The Literary Treatment of Exile and Displacement . How does Salman Rushdie address themes of exile and displacement in “Midnight’s Children”?
• Satirical Techniques in 21st-Century Political Novels . What satirical techniques are used in Gary Shteyngart’s “Super Sad True Love Story” to critique political and cultural issues?
• The Portrayal of Rural Settings in Southern Gothic Literature . How do rural settings enhance the themes of decay and grotesqueness in Flannery O’Connor’s stories?
• Mental Health Themes in Contemporary Young Adult Literature . How is mental health portrayed in John Green’s novels?
• The Role of the Sea in Literature . How is the sea used as a symbol in Ernest Hemingway’s “The Old Man and the Sea”?
• The Depiction of War in Children’s Literature . How is the theme of war depicted in Michael Morpurgo’s “War Horse”?
• The Concept of Heroism in Epic Poetry . How is the concept of heroism explored in Homer’s “Iliad”?
• The Impact of Globalization on Contemporary Literature . How does globalization affect cultural identity in Zadie Smith’s “White Teeth”?
• The Representation of Time and Memory in Magical Realism . How do authors like Isabel Allende in “The House of the Spirits” use magical realism to depict themes of time and memory?

Feel free to discuss your ideas with your advisor or peers. In my experience, feedback at the idea stage is precious, offering new perspectives and helping to refine your focus.

Tips for Choosing Literature Extended Essay Topics

Here are some tips from years of guiding students and my experiences to help you choose the best possible topic.

1. Start with Your Passions

Firstly, reflect on the works of literature that have moved you, intrigued you, or left you with questions. Your enthusiasm for a topic will make the research process more enjoyable and shine through in your writing. Essays grounded in genuine interest and passion are more compelling and insightful.

2. Research Broadly at First

Before narrowing down your topic, research a wide range of literature. This broad initial sweep is crucial for uncovering hidden gems and unexpected angles that might not be immediately obvious.

3. Consider the Scope

A common pitfall is choosing a topic that is too broad (or too narrow). The perfect topic is one that allows you to investigate in-depth without being overwhelmed by too much information or, conversely, struggling to find enough. Formulating a focused research question early on can help maintain the right balance.

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4. Check the Availability of Resources

Before committing to a topic, ensure access to the necessary resources (primary texts, scholarly articles, and other academic works). As I know too well, there’s nothing more frustrating than choosing a topic only to find that the resources you need are inaccessible.

5. Consider Relevance

Consider how your topic connects to broader themes, contexts, or issues. According to general IB criteria, essays that demonstrate an understanding of the broader significance of the studied literature tend to score higher. I think these connections in your essay make it more impactful.

Topics to Read:

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Choosing the right Literature Extended Essay topic allows you to engage deeply with texts, develop your analytical skills, and contribute to literary discussions. I’ve learned that passion, perseverance, and a critical eye are your best tools for this task. So, choose a topic that resonates and start writing your best work.

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The Power of Literary Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide to Crafting an Impressive IB Extended Essay

Introduction to Literary Analysis

Literary analysis is an essential part of producing a successful IB Extended Essay. It involves interpreting the text, understanding its implications, and forming a well-rounded opinion on the subject. It also involves looking at the structure, imagery, and motifs within the work to gain a deeper understanding of the author’s intentions.

For those looking to write a successful IB Extended Essay, utilizing literary analysis can be a powerful tool. It allows the writer to delve into the layers of the text and make connections and interpret the text that may not be immediately obvious. It helps the writer form an argument based on their interpretations and requires them to think critically and present their argument in an organized and persuasive manner.

By putting in the time to engage with the literature, a student can develop an essay that is both insightful and effective, allowing them to stand out among their peers and make a good impression on their professor.

The IB Extended Essay is a critical component of the IB Diploma Programme, requiring students to delve deeply into a chosen subject and produce a well-structured, thoroughly researched, and original 4,000-word paper. Given the importance and complexity of this task, the IB Extended Essay Writing Service can provide invaluable support for IB students.

This specialized service offers a range of benefits to help students excel in their extended essays. With a team of experienced writers and subject matter experts, the service can provide guidance on selecting a compelling research question, as well as tips for organizing the essay and conducting thorough research. Students can also receive assistance with citation styles and formatting requirements, ensuring that their work meets the rigorous academic standards expected of an IB Extended Essay.

Moreover, the IB Extended Essay Writing Service can provide personalized feedback and constructive criticism, empowering students to refine their arguments and hone their analytical skills. By working closely with these professional mentors, students can gain a deeper understanding of their chosen subject and improve their overall writing abilities, setting them up for success not only in their extended essay but also in their future academic and professional pursuits.

Definition and Explanation of Literary Analysis

Literary analysis is the thoughtful interpretation of literature. It is an approach that looks closely at the words, characters, themes, and structure of a particular piece of writing. It is commonly used to understand pieces of literature, such as novels and plays, by examining the motivations and actions of their characters.

At its core, literary analysis looks for symbols, metaphors, and motifs within the book or play and connects those literary elements to ideas and experiences in the real world. This type of analysis requires students to think critically and deeply about what they are reading. To do this, students must be able to understand the text as a whole, as well as form opinions on the author’s use of language and craftsmanship.

For example, when reading a novel, students can analyze the characters’ dialogue and actions to decipher the author’s message. In doing so, students create meaning from the text and globalize the author’s ideas. They can look at themes and symbols that the author has used, allowing them to draw conclusions about how these topics are related to each other and to the real world.

Literary analysis is an incredibly important skill for all students, but it is particularly important for those who are looking to succeed in IB Extended Essay assessments. With literary analysis, students can assess works of literature in a way that allows them to better understand and appreciate them. Furthermore, literary analysis can be a great tool for approaching assignments and gaining additional insight into the texts they are studying.

Overview of How Literary Analysis Can Help Students With the IB Extended Essay

Writing a literary analysis essay is a great way to help students master their subject matter. Literary analysis requires an in-depth look into a text, whether it is a play, poem, or novel. It provides an opportunity to uncover hidden layers of meaning and engage with the text in a deeper way.

When it comes to writing a high-quality essay for the International Baccalaureate (IB) Extended Essay, literary analysis can be hugely beneficial. This is because the IB Extended Essay is intended to give students an opportunity to independently explore a research question. Knowing how to approach a text analytically can help students identify the key components of their research question and formulate effective arguments.

Below are several ways that literary analysis may be useful in the formation of an impressive IB Extended Essay:

• Developing critical thinking skills: Reading and analyzing literature requires close attention to detail. Thinking critically about a text can help students gain an in-depth understanding of the story and uncover hidden themes or messages.
• Building an argument: Analyzing literature provides students with the skills they need to craft a well-argued essay. Developing an argument involves examining arguments already made by previous authors and critiquing these claims.
• Creating an original thesis: Through an analysis of a text, students are able to identify potential research questions or create their own. Literary analysis allows students to explore a unique approach to their chosen piece of literature.

Overall, literary analysis is a powerful tool that can be used to enhance the IB Extended Essay. Learning how to properly analyze literature will give students the skills they need to create a well-crafted, thoughtful essay that will impress the IB examiners.

Pre-Writing Steps

Creating a stellar literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay is no easy task. It takes careful preparation and practice to create an essay that stands out from the crowd. Before you begin writing your paper, it’s important to take some pre-writing steps to ensure you have a strong foundation to build on.

Develop Fundamental Understanding of Literature

Before writing a literary analysis essay, it’s important to gain an understanding of the literature. Read both classical and modern pieces, paying attention to character development, symbolism, and plot. This can also include works of art and films. When researching, ask yourself questions like: What is the author trying to say? What themes are present in the work? What is the overall tone? Answering these questions can help you better understand the material, which will make it easier to craft your essay.

Brainstorm Ideas and Analyze Ideas

Once you’ve gained a basic understanding of the literature, use critical thinking to start thinking about ideas for your essay. Brainstorm freely, pushing yourself to come up with new and creative ideas. Don’t limit yourself to what you already know. Once you have some ideas, analyze them to see which ones are most effective and concise. Go back to the literature and see which ideas can be supported by evidence from the text.

Construct an Outline

Outlines are essential when crafting an essay, and creating one for your literary analysis essay is no different. An outline allows you to organize all the ideas and arguments you have, so your essay will have a sense of structure. In your outline, write down the main points you want to discuss, followed by the evidence you plan to use to support those points. This will make it easier to stay on track when you start writing.

With these steps, you can get a head start towards creating an impressive essay. Pre-writing sets the stage for the rest of the essay, so taking this step seriously can help you achieve success.

Developing a Fundamental Understanding of Literature

Doing a successful literary analysis of a work of literature is like taking a journey. Before we step onto the path, it is important to understand the basics of what we are exploring.

In order to craft a well-researched and comprehensive extended essay on a piece of literature, a student must have a good understanding of the context, plot, characters, setting, and themes of the work. It is also important to be aware of the author’s style and the language they are using.

The best way to gain this knowledge is to become an expert on the work you are studying. To do this, you should read and re-read the work multiple times to uncover the many layers of meaning. As you read, it may help to take notes on your thoughts about the book and consider any questions you may have about the material. Additionally, doing some background research on the author and the time period in which the literary work was written can provide valuable insight into the meaning of the story.

By spending a significant amount of time studying the literature, you will eventually develop a fundamental understanding that will allow you to begin crafting your paper with a solid base of knowledge. After all, the more you know about the literature, the easier it will be to delve into complex aspects of the work and make insightful connections.

Writing an IB Extended Essay requires a lot of time and effort, but it’s well worth it. One of the essential steps to ensure your essay is well-crafted is to brainstorm ideas and analyze them.

Before you start writing, you should take some time to come up with good topics and ideas. A great way to start is to look at the literature that you’ve studied and make notes about any key points or themes. Once you’ve jotted down some notes, you can start to develop several possible topic ideas for your essay.

When you’ve got several ideas, you’ll need to analyze each of them to determine which one is the best fit for your essay. This may involve researching the topic further, talking to experts in the field, and even taking a poll among your peers to get their opinions. The importance of analyzing your ideas means you can be sure that you will have a well-structured argument in your essay that is based on valid evidence and research.

Analyzing your ideas is also important as it can help you identify any possible weaknesses or flaws in your topic before you move onto the writing stage. This ensures that you are well informed before you even pick up your pen and begin the drafting process.

Brainstorming ideas and analyzing them may take some time, but it is a crucial step in crafting an impressive IB Extended Essay. It will help you gain a better understanding of your topic and make sure that your essay is well structured, with valid evidence and arguments.

Once you’ve brainstormed and analyzed your ideas, it’s time to construct an outline. It may seem like an extra step in the writing process, but creating an essay outline before getting started can save you a lot of time in the end. An outline is a way of organizing your thoughts in the form of a visual plan. It can help you narrow down your research and focus on the points that will eventually be included in your paper.

Creating an outline is easy! All you need to do is draw a line down the middle of a blank page and start breaking down your ideas into smaller chunks. Begin by listing your major topics in order that they will appear in the paper. Then, write each of these topics in a circle or square and draw a line connecting the circles. On each of these lines, list related subtopics which will fall under that topic.

As you continue to create your outline, make sure it includes all the necessary information about your paper. This includes the introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. If you want to ensure your essay is comprehensive and insightful, include a few sentences explaining why you included each piece of evidence in your argument. This will make it easier to come back and fill in the details later on.

Finally, once your outline is complete, you can use it to quickly scan through each section and determine if there are any holes in your arguments or areas where your research is lacking. This is especially helpful if you’re pressed for time and need to make sure you obtain enough evidence for each point.

When you are ready to write your literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay, you have to first craft the paper. This includes understanding your topic and generating an outline of your paper, which will enable you to write an effective paper. Crafting the paper involves separating it into three main parts: Introduction, Thesis and Supporting Arguments, and Conclusion.

In order to craft a successful paper that is on-topic, it is important to be able to introduce your topic with a certain level of clarity. Your introduction should be engaging and act as a hook for your reader. It should include background information about your topic as well as a thesis statement and argument for your literary analysis.

Once your introduction is in place, you can begin writing your body paragraphs. The thesis and supporting arguments should be clearly stated in your body paragraphs. For example, if the topic of your essay is exploring the theme of revenge in William Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet,’ then you can use the characters and plot points to support your thesis. Additionally, pay close attention to using direct quotes to support your argument, as this will give a complete picture of your analysis.

Finally, your conclusion will wrap up your essay and act as a summary of your entire analysis. In your conclusion, make sure to reiterate your thesis and provide a summation of your key points. Provide a final thought or argument that ties back to the main topic to give your essay cohesiveness.

Crafting the paper is one of the most important aspects of writing an effective literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay. Follow the structure outlined above to ensure that your essay contains an effective introduction, solid body paragraphs, and a powerful conclusion. Keeping the focus on the main topic, providing examples and evidence to support your arguments, and being consistent throughout the paper will allow you to create a stellar essay.

Introduction

An introduction is the first step to writing a successful literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay. It is the part of your paper that draws readers in and offers an overview of the topic you are going to discuss. The introduction should be concise and engaging, capture the reader’s attention, and provide an overview of what the reader can expect from the rest of the essay.

When writing your introduction, it is important to define the terms related to literary analysis and explain what it is. Literary analysis is a type of intellectual exercise that focuses on close reading of a text and understanding its meaning in order to interpret and draw conclusions from it. To conduct a literary analysis, it is important to understand the context of the text and identify key elements of the text such as the plot, character development, symbols, themes, and point of view.

Once you have a basic understanding of literary analysis, you should provide a brief overview of how it can help students write a successful IB Extended Essay. A literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay should demonstrate a student’s ability to critically analyze literature, which is a skill that is highly valued in the IB curriculum. It should show the student’s thoughtful analysis of the text and their ability to synthesize the text into meaningful content.

Overall, the introduction should provide the framework for your essay and set the stage for the rest of the essay. It should be engaging, concise, and clearly explain the purpose of the essay.

Thesis and Supporting Arguments

Once you have a clear idea of what you want to say in your essay, it is time to write the thesis. It is important to remember that when writing an essay, the goal is to make sure that your point is clearly expressed and backed up with evidence. A good thesis statement will be the foundation of your entire essay and will guide your arguments.

Your thesis statement should be concise and clear – explain to the reader the main idea of your essay in one sentence. A successful thesis statement should make a single claim that is debatable and provable. It should also be specific enough so that the reader knows what they can expect as they read further into your paper.

After you have crafted your thesis statement, you must provide evidence and support to back up your claims. In a literary analysis, this could be accomplished by using textual examples such as quotes, paraphrased dialogue, or passages from the text. You can also use external sources such as scholarly articles to gather evidence and support your argument. Your goal is to make sure that your reader is convinced that your argument is correct. Make sure to include in-text citations when you are using outside sources.

Last but not least, make sure to have a balanced argument. It is important that you present both sides of an argument and then use your evidence to refute the opposing viewpoint. This will help you create a strong and persuasive paper for your IB Extended Essay.

The conclusion of your literary analysis essay is the most important part, since it allows you to demonstrate how all aspects of your paper are tied together. The conclusion is where you summarize the essay’s main points and draw a logical end to your paper.

When writing your conclusion, you should consider doing the following:

• Restate your thesis in different words.
• Briefly summarize the main points of your essay.
• Provide a call to action or provide a suggestion for further research.

Your conclusion is not just a summary of the essay but also a chance to reinforce your main points and ensure that they have been understood. After you have written and revised your conclusion, it is important to read through it carefully to check for any errors. It is also important to make sure that the conclusion ties in with the rest of the paper. A great conclusion can give a lasting impression on your reader and leave them with a clear understanding of what they just read.

By crafting a good conclusion, your readers will have a clear understanding of the main points of your essay and will be able to reflect on its contents. Follow these tips and you will be well on your way to writing an impressive literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay!

Editing and Proofreading

Once you have written your literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay, it is important to edit and proofread your work. No matter how great the body of your paper is, without proper editing and proofreading your work may still not be up to par.

Read and Re-read Draft and Make Corrections

The first step to properly editing and proofreading your work is to read and re-read the entire paper. It is important to get an overall sense of the paper and where corrections may need to be made. When reading the paper, consider if there are any errors in grammar, if the logical flow of the paper holds up, and if every sentence serves a needed purpose. Once you have identified potential issues in the paper, go through and make the necessary changes. It is also imperative that you make sure that your points are presented in the most concrete and comprehensible manner possible.

Get Feedback From an Editor or Mentor

Getting feedback from an editor or mentor can be extremely helpful when editing and proofreading your paper. An external perspective can offer insight that you had not seen before, and can help you to recognize any errors that were previously overlooked. Additionally, having someone else read your paper is a great way to get a better understanding of how well your arguments and rebuttals will hold up to a real audience.

Fine Tune Your Work to Ensure High Quality

Once you have made the corrections from feedback and from your own observations, it is time to fine tune your work. Going through your paper one last time can help to polish your paper and make sure that it is up to the quality expected for an IB Extended Essay. Make sure to look for any minute errors that could hurt the quality of your work and make sure the paper is written in an organized and cohesive manner. After this step, you should be ready to submit your masterpiece.

Reading and Re-reading: Making Corrections

When crafting a literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay, it is important to go through your work multiple times. This will help you identify and correct any errors that you may have made. The more times you read through your paper, the easier it will be to make corrections.

The first time you read through your paper, focus on the structure and flow of your words. Is there any part of the paper that does not make sense or does not seem to link to the next section? Does the order of the argument make sense? You should also consider whether or not you have achieved the goal of the assignment.

The second time you read through, focus on the grammar, spelling and punctuation. Are there any typos or mistakes in punctuation? Do all sentences make sense and are they correctly structured?

The third time around, read through your paper one more time and look for specific elements such as quotes, references and evidence. Are there any missing quotations or inaccuracies in references? Be sure to consult your sources if necessary to double check them.

Finally, it is important to read through your paper as if you were an external reader. This means reading with an unbiased eye and avoiding any personal bias. Read your paper from start to finish and think about what impression it might leave on someone else.

By reading and re-reading your literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay and making corrections, you can ensure that the end result is of a high quality.

Getting Feedback From an Editor or Mentor

Writing a literary analysis essay for the IB extended essay can be a daunting task. To ensure that your work is up to the mark, it is important to get feedback from an editor or a mentor. It is the best way to make sure that you have included all the necessary elements of your essay and that your paper meets the required standards of quality.

Benefits of Seeking Feedback:

• A mentor or editor can help you identify and eliminate any issue with grammar, spelling, or syntax in your paper.
• They can give you advice on how to structure your argument to make it more convincing.
• They can provide guidance on how to make your literary analysis essay more persuasive and impactful.
• An editor or mentor can help you eliminate any unnecessary information and add anything else you may have overlooked.

Tips for Seeking Feedback:

• Provide your mentor/editor with a clear explanation of what they need to focus on when reviewing your work. Likewise, request feedback on specific aspects that you are having difficulties with.
• Ensure that you communicate clearly and provide the necessary time for your mentor/editor to give you the best feedback.
• Be prepared to take criticism and to make changes based on their comments.
• Don’t be afraid to ask questions if something is unclear so that you can understand their feedback as much as possible.

Seeking feedback from an editor or mentor will not only help you write a better literary analysis essay for the IB extended essay but it will also give you the confidence to submit your paper with the assurance that everything is up to the required standards.

We all want our work to be the best that it can be. Generally, this is not achieved in one go, and will require some fine-tuning and adjustments along the way. When writing a literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay, it’s important that you pay special attention to the quality of your work and take the time to make sure your final product is as impactful and polished as possible.

When it comes to fine-tuning, there are a few key things you should consider:

• Sentence Structure & Clarity: Check that sentences are clear and concise, free from ambiguous words and phrases.
• Grammatical Errors: Be mindful of any grammar and spelling mistakes. Use a proofreading tool or ask someone to read through your work before submitting it.
• Stick to the Point: Make sure that each sentence is directly related to the thesis and supporting arguments.
• Flow & Cohesion: Check the flow of your essay to ensure that ideas are linked together and flow naturally throughout the essay.

It’s also a good idea to get feedback from an editor or mentor to help you fine-tune your work. They will have a fresh set of eyes, and might be able to help you identify any areas of improvement. Once you have received feedback, you can adjust your essay accordingly, so that the quality of your literary analysis essay is top notch.

Writing a stellar literary analysis essay is an important skill that students must develop in order to do well in their International Baccalaureate Extended Essay. A strong literary analysis essay can be engaging, thoughtful and make a lasting impression on your readers. Here are some tips to make sure you write a great essay that meets the requirements of the IB Extended Essay:

Refrain from Plagiarism

Plagiarism is a serious problem in any academic setting and the IB Extended Essay is no exception. When writing your literary analysis essay, make sure to use your own original ideas and avoid copying from other sources.

Demonstrate Critical Thinking

When writing a literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay, demonstrate critical thinking by connecting themes, characters and symbols in a meaningful way. Show your reader why you think a certain interpretation is valid using evidence and support from the text.

Use Examples to Support Thesis and Nonlinear Thinking

When writing a literary analysis essay, it is important to back up your arguments with concrete examples from the text that support your thesis. Additionally, use nonlinear thinking to evaluate different aspects of a text, such as style, techniques and symbolism.

Proofreading and Double Check Citations

Finally, before submitting your essay, make sure to proofread it for grammar and spelling errors. Additionally, double check that all of your citations are accurate and formatted correctly to the standards of the IB Extended Essay.

By following these tips and demonstrating critical thinking, students can produce a well-crafted literary analysis essay that will impress their peers and the IB panel members. With practice, students will gain the confidence to craft an essay that shows off their knowledge and ability to provide strong analysis and understanding of literature.

Plagiarism is a serious offense and can have severe consequences. It is important that students refrain from plagiarizing when crafting their literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay. Plagiarism is defined as taking someone else’s words or ideas and passing them off as your own without giving credit to the original author.

In order to avoid plagiarism, students need to make sure they cite any sources they use. This includes direct quotes, summaries, and paraphrases. Students should also ensure that they credit any people from whom they received ideas or feedback. For example, if a student consulted with a professor or mentor, they should cite this in the acknowledgement section of their paper.

It is also important for students to be aware of how to properly cite sources. Different disciplines may require slightly different citing methods. For example, humanities papers typically require the use of MLA or Chicago-style citations, while science papers often require the use of APA or CSE style.

Finally, it is essential for students to proofread their essays and double-check that all of the citations and references are accurate. This is a crucial step to help students refrain from plagiarizing, as it ensures that all of the proper credit is given to the original authors of material used in the essay.

Critical thinking is an important part of literary analysis. It involves utilizing logic, understanding the context and creating a reasoned argument. It is a great way for students to prove their understanding and develop deeper insight into their ideas.

When engaging in critical thinking for their IB Extended Essay in literary analysis, students will need to explore different viewpoints and understand all the nuances that come with their subject. This can help them build arguments that have substance and are well thought-out.

To ensure they are demonstrating critical thinking, students should:

• Gather information from reliable sources
• Examine the evidence and build an argument
• Identify similarities and differences between themes/ideas
• Consider implications and consequences
• Think about causes and effects

It is also important for students to remember that critical thinking is based on factual evidence and logical reasoning; it is not just opinion or speculation. When looking at ideas, they should look objectively and draw reasoned conclusions.

Finally, it is essential students use their critical thinking skills when writing their IB Extended Essay in literary analysis. Doing so will ensure the essay is well informed, has good structure and is backed up by credible evidence.

Using Examples to Support Thesis and Nonlinear Thinking

To craft a stellar literary analysis essay for the IB Extended Essay, it is important to use examples in your paper to support your thesis and nonlinear thinking skills. Examples can help you to illustrate your points and make them stronger and more believable. Examples don’t have to be long or complex, just enough to help prove and explain your points.

When selecting an example, it is important to ensure that it has relevance to your argument. The example should also relate back to your thesis statement in some way, so that it is clearly understood why you chose it to explain your point. Otherwise, it is of no use to the reader and your paper.

Also be aware that the examples you choose should be significant enough to impact the flow of your paper. Your paper should still sound logical even when you’ve taken time away from the main argument to explain your example. If you are unable to effectively transition between each example and its respective argument, it’s best to remove the example and look for another one.

Finally, be sure to review and analyze your examples prior to using them in your paper. Aim to use examples that are well-written, vivid, and will help to add a sense of clarity to your points. This will make your overall paper more interesting and engaging, which is sure to impress your readers.

Proofreading and Double Checking Citations

Proofreading your extended essay is essential to ensure it is of a high quality. Careful proofreading will help your essay stand out and make the best impression possible on readers, such as professors and examiners.

The process of proofreading includes reading your essay multiple times, checking for errors in grammar, spelling and punctuation. Additionally, you should make sure that your arguments are clear and well structured, that your writing is of a consistent style, and that there are no typos or other issues that may distract from the content.

Proofreading is also a good opportunity to double-check your citations and make sure that they are correct. All sources used in your essay must be cited properly, formatted correctly and checked for accuracy. This is important as incorrect references or formatting could be seen as plagiarism or lack of attention to detail.

Once you have proofread and made any necessary changes to your essay, it is a good idea to have someone else take a look at it as well. Ask a trusted friend or peer to read through your paper and provide feedback, as having a second opinion on your work will often highlight any mistakes or areas that need further improvement.

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Layden patrica.

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