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Top 9 Best Online PhD Economics Programs [2024]

Economists have excellent job prospects in today’s labor market. With a doctorate in economics from a reputed university and strong academic record, you’ll find many well-paid job opportunities in academia or policy. Almost every field needs economists — organizations rely on economists’ statistical, analytical, and problem-solving skills  to find solutions to important issues.

Most students need a master’s of economics  degree to move forward with the PhD. But some schools accept transferable credits from related programs, too!

However, not everyone can afford to earn a doctorate on campus. So, an online PhD economics degree is a great alternative.

Below are some of the best online economics PhD programs and helpful information on jobs, salaries, costs, preparation tips, and more.

Table of Contents

Best Online PhD Programs in Economics

Ready to pursue your doctorate in economics online? Let’s dive into our list of top PhD economics online programs.

Liberty University

PhD in Public Policy – Economic Policy

Liberty University offers opportunities to pursue higher education across diverse disciplines with a foundation of Christian ethics. This 100% online PhD in economics program allows you to learn from established leaders in economic policy-making.

• Courses : Economic policy studies, economics & public policy, policy analysis & research design
• Credits : 60
• Duration : 3 years
• Tuition : $595 per hour
• Financial assistance : Grants, scholarships, and loans.
• Acceptance rate : 50.1%
• Location : Lynchburg, Virginia

Atlantic International University, School of Business and Economics

Doctor of Economics

AIU is a primarily online university that emphasizes freedom of inquiry and free thought exchange between students and faculty. This PhD in economics online degree aims to help students who want to pursue research or teaching in economics or business.

• Courses : Economics of growth & development, microeconomic research, mathematics for economists
• Tuition : Refer tuition page
• Financial assistance : Scholarships
• Acceptance rate : N/A
• Location : Honolulu, Hawaii

Bircham International University

Doctor – Economic Science

Bircham International University is a global educational institution with a decentralized structure offering higher education programs in many languages. The university’s PhD economics distance learning program helps students develop a deep understanding of how people see value in the production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services.

• Courses : Micro- and macroeconomics, capital markets, economic analysis.
• Credits : 45-72
• Duration : 24 months
• Tuition : $7,650 to $12,240
• Location : Miami, Florida

Ottawa University

Doctor of Business Administration

Ottawa University is affiliated with the Ottawa tribe of Oklahoma and the American Baptist Church. It offers a range of online programs to mold students into valuable leaders. This distance PhD economics program is mostly online but requires six two-day residencies. Finally, the program offers courses in strategy, capital management, and finance with a focus on economics.

• Courses : Finance value generation strategy, strategic human capital management, informed decision-making
• Credits : 56
• Cost : $4,887 per semester
• Acceptance rate : 70.3%
• Location : Ottawa, Kansas

California Baptist University

California Baptist University is a non-profit, private university that ranks #34  of the best western regional colleges. Although not an entirely online doctorate in economics, this DBA program offers courses in economics, especially on applying theories of economics to business.

• Courses : Applying economic theory to business, international business in global markets, and quantitative research
• Duration : 36 months
• Tuition :  $795 per unit
• Financial assistance : Grants, loans
• Acceptance rate : 80.2%
• Location : Riverside, California

Hampton University Online

Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration

Hampton University Online provides opportunities for adults to continue their studies through mostly online means and with a scientific approach. This PhD is a hybrid business administration program that involves two compulsory four-week summer residencies and covers managerial economics as part of the program.

• Courses : Managerial economics, organization theory & practice, organizational behavior
• Credits : 61
• Duration : 3.5 years
• Tuition : $695 per credit
• Financial assistance : Scholarships, grants, work-study, loans, and military benefits.
• Acceptance rate : 36%
• Location : Hampton, Virginia

Marymount University, College of Business, Innovation, Leadership, and Technology (BILT)

Online DBA in Business Intelligence

Marymount University  was ranked #31   by US News & World of all southern regional colleges. This online Doctor of Business Administration is equivalent to an economics PhD online program as you can study economics for business decision-making and courses in strategy with a data-driven approach.

• Courses : Economics for business decision making, using data for business intelligence, and strategy in a changing climate.
• Credits : 36
• Tuition :  $1,140 per credit hour
• Financial assistance : Grants, scholarships, loans, student employment, and assistantships.
• Acceptance rate : 85.3%
• Location : Arlington, Virginia

William Howard Taft University

William Howard Taft University is a leader in distance education and aims to provide affordable and quality education in business, law, education, and other disciplines. This DBA program includes several courses in economics and its application in the business sector.

• Courses : Designing economic business strategies, global economy, and global business practices & challenges.
• Duration : 37 months
• Tuition : $360 per credit
• Financial assistance : Scholarships, grants, military benefits, loans, and employer reimbursement.
• Location : Lakewood, Colorado

Baker College

Baker College was named one of Newsweek’s top American online schools  and offers fully online and hybrid programs in fields such as business, health science, and education. This DBA program has microeconomics and macroeconomics courses and explores how business leaders implement successful global strategies with limited resources.

• Courses : Global financial economy, leading 21st-century organizations, managing in a worldwide context
• Tuition : $915 per credit hour
• Financial assistance : Scholarships, grants, and loans.
• Acceptance rate : 73%
• Location : Owosso, Michigan

What Do I Need to Get a PhD in Economics?

You will likely need an undergraduate or postgraduate degree in economics or a related field to apply for a PhD in economics program. Certain programs may have other prerequisites, so check with the admissions office well in advance of the application deadline.

Once accepted, you’ll have to study various courses in economics, finance, business, management, mathematics, statistics, and strategy to earn your PhD in economics online degree.

Finally, you’ll have to pass examinations and other assessments, including a final qualifying exam. Most programs also have a research component, which means submitting a thesis or dissertation.

Preparing for an Economics Doctorate Program

Our advice? Prepare early for your PhD in economics program.

At the undergraduate level, consider taking more courses in subjects like mathematics, statistics, and calculus. It also helps to work with faculty, conduct undergraduate research, and complete professional internships whenever possible. All this lays the groundwork to prepare you well for a PhD in economics program.

Things to Consider When Choosing an Online PhD Economics Program

The right program for you depends on a range of personal factors. Consider the following when assessing programs to narrow it down:

• Make sure the specializations and subjects offered by the program match your passions and will help you achieve your career goals.
• Review available research options and make sure these also match your goals
• The faculty should have a strong reputation, especially in your field of choice
• Ensure the costs fit your budget or that there are sufficient funding options available
• Look at where past alumni  are now working, and see how this fits with your ideal future

Why Get a Doctorate in Economics?

A doctorate in economics opens doors to some of the best jobs in academia and policy. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, an economist’s median salary  is $105,630. Even better, jobs in the field are expected to grow by 13% from 2020-2030, higher than the average of all occupations.

Jobs and Salaries for Doctors of Economics

A PhD in economics online credential can equip you for roles in business, government, research, and education. Here are some top jobs for graduates, with average salaries for each:

• Economist ( $79,352 )
• Statistician ( $78,596 )
• Financial Manager ( $96,045 )
• Urban Planner ( $59,309 )
• Financial Analyst ( $63,195 )

What Is the Average Cost of a PhD in Economics?

According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the average tuition for a PhD in economics program  is $19,749 per year. You can expect to pay around $12,500 for public university programs and $26,621 for private. Keep in mind these figures only cover tuition – you’ll also need to pay for books, technology fees, and other educational expenses.

How Long Does it Take to Get a PhD in Economics?

Typically, a PhD in economics takes 4-6 years to complete. However, you may be able to complete a doctorate in three or even two years at some universities, especially with an online PhD.

What Skills Do You Gain From a PhD in Economics?

First and foremost, you’ll gain strong mathematical, statistical, and analytical skills as part of your doctorate in economics. You’ll also learn to apply economic concepts and modeling to address issues in business, government, finance spaces. Finally, economics PHD grads gain expertise in writing, presentation, communication, and problem-solving.

Facts and Statistics about Economics PhD Holders

According to Brookings, universities awarded 1,216 PhDs in economics  in 2020 —  66% to men and 34% to women. Foreign students with temporary visas earned around 60% of the doctorates.

Among the permanent residents who got doctorates in economics, 4.9% were black and 71.8% white, with the remaining graduates of Asian, Hispanic, and other descent.

Final Thoughts

Compared to online PhDs  from other disciplines, you won’t find as many online PhD economics programs. However, you can find related programs, like online Doctor of Business Administration ( DBA ) or accounting  with an emphasis on economics-related subjects like microeconomics and macroeconomics. This is a good substitute if your preferred university doesn’t offer a PhD economics online degree.

Considering other business-related PhD programs? Keep a clear path toward a lucrative career with our list of the highest paying PhDs .

Frequently Asked Questions

Can you get a phd in economics online.

Yes – some universities offer online PhD economics programs that you can complete online. Many of these online programs can be completed in as little as three years.

Is an Economics PhD Worth It?

A PhD in economics is one of today’s most sought-after qualifications. Economists are in high demand and have an annual median salary of $105,630 , with prospects even greater for graduates with a PhD.

How Many Years is a PhD in Economics?

A PhD in economics takes 3-6 years to complete.

Lisa Marlin

Lisa is a full-time writer specializing in career advice, further education, and personal development. She works from all over the world, and when not writing you'll find her hiking, practicing yoga, or enjoying a glass of Malbec.

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Best Online Doctorates in Economics: Top PhD Programs, Career Paths, and Salary

The best online PhD in Economics offers a broad, comprehensive knowledge of how economics affects the global landscape. An online program at the doctoral level in economics provides graduates with the advanced analytical and critical thinking skills they need to build successful careers in banking, government, politics, healthcare, insurance, and non-profit sectors.

If you are looking to get an online PhD in Economics, then this article is for you. This guide contains a list of the best schools you can earn your economics PhD online, their admission requirements and tuition, as well as the economics jobs you’ll qualify for after graduating from business school.

Find your bootcamp match

Can you get a phd in economics online.

Yes, you can get a PhD in Economics online. Online degree programs offer students the opportunity to earn an economics doctoral degree without the inconvenience of taking physical classes on the university campus. Online graduate programs are a great choice for students who are restricted by geographical location or who prefer to take online classes.

Is an Online PhD Respected?

Yes, an online PhD is respected. They have the same coursework, curriculum, and degree requirements as in-person degrees. A survey by the Society for Human Resources Management on hiring practices and attitudes reported that 55 percent of organizations would not give preference to a candidate with an in-person degree over one with an online degree if both had the same job experience.

That being said, students need to ensure that they get their online degrees from an accredited online school . Accreditation demonstrates that a school meets the minimum acceptable academic standards set by an external accreditation body to be able to offer academic degrees. Checking a school’s accreditation status before beginning the application process is recommended.

What Is the Best Online PhD Program in Economics?

The best online PhD program in economics is the PhD in Public Policy – Economic Policy offered by Liberty University. Out of all the online doctoral degree programs on our list, Liberty University’s PhD in Public Policy – Economic Policy’s high-quality curriculum and faculty stand out among the others.

Why Liberty University Has the Best Online PhD Program in Economics

Liberty University has the best online economics PhD program because of its well-rounded curriculum, giving students a comprehensive understanding of national and global public and economic policies. Students take classes taught by industry leaders and experienced policymakers and take high-level courses in public and economic theory and policy, policy analysis, and research design.

Best Online Master’s Degrees

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Online PhD in Economics Admission Requirements

The typical admission requirements for an online PhD in Economics are a Master’s Degree in Economics or in a related field from an accredited institution with a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale. Other common requirements include recommendation letters, an interview, your resume, a statement of purpose or personal statement, and professional work experience.

While the specific requirements will differ from one school to the next, prospective students are always required to submit their unofficial or official transcripts of all of their undergraduate and graduate coursework. Although some schools have waived this due to the pandemic, many require students to submit GMAT or GRE test scores as part of the application process.

• A Master’s Degree in Economics or in a related field from an accredited institution
• A minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale
• Three letters of recommendation
• A copy of your resume
• A statement of purpose or personal statement
• Professional work experience
• Your GMAT or GRE test scores
• An online interview

Best Online PhDs in Economics: Top Degree Program Details

Best Online PhDs in Economics: Top University Programs to Get a PhD in Economics Online

The top university programs to get a PhD in Economics online are able to let students benefit from experiencing diverse cultures and learning from a high-quality curriculum with many research opportunities without having to relocate. It is a great option for students who want to balance school with work, family, or other personal commitments. Here are the best online PhDs in Economics.

California Baptist University was founded in 1950 and is located in the city of Riverside in Southern California. This private, Christian university offers a wide variety of bachelor’s, master’s, doctoral and associate degrees , as well as certificate programs in an in-person and online format.

Doctor of Business Administration

The online Doctor of Business Administration at California Baptist University is a 56-credit-hour doctorate program that equips students with the specialized skills and insights needed to achieve their career goals. Students will gain the tools and theoretical foundation to carry out research and develop actionable plans with the goal of solving complex business problems.

Doctor of Business Administration Overview

• Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Senior College and University Commission
• Program Length: 3 years
• Acceptance Rate: N/A
• Tuition and Fees: $795/credit 

Doctor of Business Administration Admission Requirements

• A Master’s Degree in Business Administration from an accredited institution
• A copy of your resume with your work experience and education, and your leadership, professional and scholarly activities
• Meeting the professional guidelines set by the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP)
• Your official transcripts

Hampton University , founded in 1861, is a dynamic institution of higher learning offering a wide range of technical, liberal, and arts degree programs at all education levels. Its 97 degree programs can be found in different fields of study, including business, engineering and technology, nursing, pharmacy, science, and liberal arts.

Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration

This is a 60-credit-hour program for students aspiring to become consultants, researchers, and academicians in leadership roles in the industry. It is a hybrid program with two compulsory four-week summer residencies. Students take core courses in managerial economics, quantitative business analysis, and accounting.

Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration Overview

• Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges
• Tuition and Fees: $695/credit 

Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration Admission Requirements

• A master’s degree from an accredited institution. Prerequisite courses may have to be taken depending on the master’s degree held
• A copy of your resume with at least three years of work experience relevant to the field of study
• A GMAT score of at least 400
• A written Statement of Career Plans or Professional Plans
• Your official transcripts 

Liberty University was founded in 1971 in Lynchburg, Virginia and is a private, Christian college offering world-class education. It has a total enrollment of over 100,000 students across its over 700 programs at all educational levels, including doctoral programs. The majority of its students are enrolled in online courses, making it one of the largest distance learning institutions in the country.

PhD in Public Policy - Economic Policy

This is a 60-credit hour program for students wanting to learn how to better serve the public interest and create actionable solutions to today’s global economic challenges. It provides the specialized knowledge that students need to land leadership job roles in government, consulting, and international organizations.

PhD in Public Policy - Economic Policy Overview

• Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges 
• Tuition and Fees: $595/credit 

PhD in Public Policy - Economic Policy Admission Requirements

• Complete and submit an online application form
• A master’s degree with a minimum GPA of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale
• Pay a non-refundable $50 application fee
• Submit your official undergraduate and graduate transcripts

Marymount University is a private catholic university founded in 1950. Ranked 38th among the best southern regional universities by US News & World Report, it has over 4,000 students enrolled in its wide range of bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degree programs. Marymount combines theory with experiential learning to provide its students with valuable education, leading them to gratifying careers.

Online Doctor of Business Administration in Business Intelligence

Offered by Marymount’s College of Business, Innovation, Leadership, and Technology, this 36-credit program introduces students to real-world business intelligence tools currently used by professionals in leadership positions. Students develop analytical, higher-order thinking, and research skills and work on a doctoral research project that attempts to solve real-world issues.

Online Doctor of Business Administration in Business Intelligence Overview

• Accreditation: Southern Associations of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges 
• Tuition and Fees: $1,140/credit 

Online Doctor of Business Administration in Business Intelligence Admission Requirements

• A completed online application
• A master’s degree in a business or IT related field
• Five to 10 years of work experience
• A minimum GPA of 3.5
• A statement of research background and interest
• A writing sample

Founded in 1947 and headquartered in College Park, Maryland, the University of Maryland - Global Campus (UMGC) is the online division of the University System of Maryland. UMGC first began offering online courses in the mid-1990s and is now home to a wide range of bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral programs obtainable fully online.

PhD in Business Administration

This 48-credit program provides its students with a solid foundation in economic theory and statistical methods. Offering advanced courses in data analytics, management solutions, and research methods, this terminal degree requires the completion of a 12-credit dissertation project.

PhD in Business Administration Overview

• Accreditation: Middle States Commission on Higher Education
• Acceptance Rate: NA
• Tuition and Fees: $1,087/credit 

PhD in Business Administration Admission Requirements

• Completed the Foundation of Doctoral Studies course with a minimum B grade
• Completion of UMGC’s online admission application
• A master’s degree
• Two professional references
• A personal statement
• A writing sample (optional)
• An interview, if requested by the UMGC admission committee

Online Economics PhD Graduation Rates: How Hard Is It to Complete an Online PhD Program in Economics?

It is very hard to complete an online PhD in Economics. This can be attributed to the stress students experience, as well as lack of motivation. Those that want to pursue a PhD must be certain that they are academically and financially prepared.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Economics Online?

It takes about three years to get a PhD in Economics online. Although, it can take as long as seven or eight years, depending on the school’s curriculum, learning pace, and specialization. Over these three years, students need to complete a certain number of courses, pass written or oral exams, and research and write a dissertation on their chosen research topic.

How Hard Is an Online Doctorate in Economics?

An online Doctorate in Economics is very hard. It is a broad, multidisciplinary degree that involves the study of complex business, sociology, mathematics, and accounting topics. Students in an online Doctoral Degree in Economics take advanced courses that require strong skills in critical thinking and complex mathematical models to succeed.

The overall level of difficulty of an online PhD in Economics depends on a student’s academic foundation and their chosen program’s curriculum. Programs offered at universities with a higher reputation or higher school ranking are usually more difficult. That being said, these programs will usually better prepare you for the real world and impress potential employers.

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Best PhD Programs

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What Courses Are in an Online Economics PhD Program?

An online economics PhD program includes courses such as Economic History, Economics and Public Policy, Policy Analysis and Research Design, Introduction to Economic Policy Studies, and Managerial Economics. These courses will prepare you for a long and lucrative career in the industry and equip you with the skills you need.

Main Areas of Study in an Economics PhD Program

• Economic history
• Economics and public policy
• Policy analysis and research design
• Introduction to economic policy studies
• Managerial economics

How Much Does Getting an Online Economics PhD Cost?

It costs around $19,314 per year to get an online PhD in Economics, according to the National  Center for Education Statistics. However, this is a ballpark estimate. The actual amount you will spend to get an online economics PhD largely depends on whether the school is public or private. On top of tuition costs, you also need to consider fees, study material costs, and other miscellaneous expenses.

How to Pay for an Online PhD Program in Economics

You can pay for an online PhD program in economics through an upfront payment, grants and scholarships, employer tuition reimbursement, government loans, and private loans. Students in the Peace Corps, AmeriCorps, and the US Military can also benefit from tuition reduction. For example, Liberty University offers their doctoral degree for $300 per credit for members of the military, which is an almost 50 percent discount.

How to Get an Online PhD for Free

You can’t get an online PhD for free. All legitimate PhD programs charge tuition, and there are no fully funded online PhDs in Economics. That being said, students needing financial aid can inquire about available scholarships and grants offered by their school. Online PhD students can register for the Free Application for Federal Scholarship Aid.

What Is the Most Affordable Online PhD in Economics Degree Program?

The most affordable online PhD in Economics is the PhD in Public Policy – Economic Policy offered by Liberty University. At $595 per credit, this 60-credit program costs a total of $35,700 in tuition. Compared to the most expensive program on our list, which costs approximately $52,000, you could save up to $16,300.

Most Affordable Online PhD Programs in Economics: In Brief

Why You Should Get an Online PhD in Economics

You should get an online PhD in Economics because it’ll provide you with specialized knowledge of economics and equip you with the in-demand skills you’ll need to work in leadership positions across the fields of politics, history, business administration, and finance. A PhD is the highest level of education you can get and will give you a leg up over other candidates during the hiring process.

Top Reasons for Getting a PhD in Economics

• Increased job opportunities. A PhD in Economics will make you more attractive to employers looking to fill high-level leadership positions in the industry. PhD graduates have more career options than lower-level degree holders.
• Enhanced earning potential. A PhD in Economics can improve your earning potential. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that PhD holders have a median weekly salary of $1,885. This is higher than the salary for master’s and bachelor’s degree graduates.
• Higher employment rate. The skills and knowledge that economics doctoral degree holders have can qualify them for a wider range of positions. In fact, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics also reports that PhD holders have a higher employment rate than all other degree holders.
• Specialized skills. Getting a PhD will provide you with advanced technical skills in your field of study as well as transferable soft skills. Both of these hard and soft skills are things you need to succeed in the highest possible career after graduation.

Best Master’s Degree Programs

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What Is the Difference Between an On-Campus Economics PhD and an Online PhD in Economics?

The difference between an on-campus economics PhD and an online PhD in Economics is each program’s cost, flexibility, interactivity with faculty and fellow students, and availability of funding. While their course content and curricula may be alike, there are a few differences between an online economics PhD and an on-campus PhD in Economics.

Online PhD vs On-Campus PhD: Key Differences

• Cost. Online doctoral programs usually cost less than on-campus degrees. Not only is the tuition itself usually lower for an online program, but you’ll also avoid needing to pay additional fees related to transportation, student accommodation, and labs or study materials.
• Flexibility. Students in on-campus programs have to be physically present at specific times and locations on the school campus to take classes, while online PhD students can take their classes from the comfort of their homes. Many online courses are also asynchronous and can be taken when convenient.
• Interactivity. Students in an on-campus PhD program enjoy physical interaction with faculty and peers, which can help with learning and motivation. On the other hand, online students have to employ virtual platforms to contact faculty at scheduled times.
• Availability of funding. There are more funding opportunities for on-campus students than students in online programs. On-campus students usually have access to fellowships, teaching assistantships, and research assistantships.

How to Get a PhD in Economics Online: A Step-by-Step Guide

To get a PhD in Economics online, you need to gain admission into an accredited university, complete your course credit requirements, pass all examinations, get your dissertation project topic approved, research your dissertation topic, and defend what you wrote during the final stage of the dissertation process. Doctorate programs take a lot of work to complete, but knowing what to expect will help you prepare.

The first step you need to take to get a PhD in Economics online is to look for schools that offer the program and that offer the specific specialization that you want to study. Afterward, you should review each program’s admissions requirement for prospective students. Once you’ve gathered your application materials, you’re ready to apply to your desired doctorate degree programs.

All doctoral students need to complete a certain number of online courses. Some schools also have residency requirements. While these are less common for online programs, residencies do require in-person attendance. Make sure to review the delivery format of each of the doctoral programs you’re interested in before enrolling.

During your PhD program, you will have to pass certain examinations. These examinations are used by the faculty at graduate schools to track and gauge your progress and understanding of the course material. You won’t be able to graduate without passing your examinations.

As you complete your classes, you will also need to pick a dissertation topic and get it approved by the faculty. Your dissertation is a long-term research project that you must complete along the course of your PhD program. Make sure to pick a topic you’re interested in as it’ll make the research process much more enjoyable.

After getting your topic approved, you will be able to start your research, which you will work on either at the same time as or after your course requirements. You will be asked to demonstrate your progress to your dissertation supervisor many times during your studies. It’s typical for 12 of your required credits to be dedicated to your dissertation.

As you research your dissertation project, you will need to write a paper on your findings under the guidance, support, and supervision of your program’s faculty. Once you’ve completed your research and finished writing your paper, you will need to explain and defend your findings to your program’s faculty. Once you pass, you will be able to get your PhD.

Online PhD in Economics Salary and Job Outlook

Online economics PhD graduates can earn between $77,427 and $153,460 per year, depending on their job title, location, employer, and experience. An online PhD in Economics will provide you with the skillset needed to land high-paying roles in different sectors, including academia, business, finance, government, and politics.

What Can You Do With an Online Doctorate in Economics?

With an online Doctorate in Economics, you can become an economic consultant, postsecondary professor of economics, economist, financial manager, and financial analyst. Some of these roles are high-paying senior-level positions requiring applicants to hold a PhD.

Best Jobs with a PhD in Economics

• Economic Consultant
• Postsecondary Professor of Economics
• Financial Analyst
• Financial Manager

Potential Careers With an Economics Degree

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What Is the Average Salary for an Online PhD Holder in Economics?

The average salary for a PhD holder in Economics is $110,000 per year , according to PayScale. PhD graduates can qualify for a wide range of high-paying positions across many industries. Keep in mind that your actual annual salary can vary depending on factors such as location, years of experience, industry, and position.

Highest-Paying Economics Jobs for PhD Grads

Best Economics Jobs for Online PhD Holders

Knowing the best economics jobs for online PhD holders will help you decide whether or not it’s worth it for you to embark on the long journey of earning your PhD. In this section, we’ve  put together a list of the best economics jobs for online PhD holders, a description of what they do, their job outlook, the number of jobs, and the highest-paying states.

Financial managers coordinate banking, accounting, insurance, security, and other financial operations in an organization. Financial management includes ensuring good financial health, monitoring cash flow, managing an organization’s expenses, analyzing profitability, and providing accurate financial information.

• Salary with an Economics PhD: $131,710
• Job Outlook: 17% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 681,070
• Highest-Paying States: New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Colorado, District of Columbia

Economists collect and analyze data to study the relationship between economic resources and the production and distribution of goods and services. They conduct surveys and review economic problems to find actionable solutions. They also advise businesses and organizations on economic issues.

• Salary with an Economics PhD: $105,630
• Job Outlook: 13% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 18,600
• Highest-Paying States: New York, District of Columbia, California, New Hampshire, Illinois

Professors of economics teach in economics departments at a university. They prepare and deliver lectures, examinations, and curricula for undergraduate and graduate economics students. They also conduct research and publish their findings to contribute to the field of economics.

• Salary with an Economics PhD: $96,198
• Job Outlook: 12% growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 1,276,900
• Highest-Paying States: New Hampshire, Montana, California, Indiana, District of Columbia

Financial analysts study current and past financial data and economic trends to gain a better understanding of a company’s financial health. They advise the organization on the best investments to make to help them maximize profits according to the data they’ve studied.

• Salary with an Economics PhD: $81,410
• Job Outlook: 6% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 492,100
• Highest-Paying States: New York, Alaska, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Wyoming

Economic consultants develop plans to improve the policies and operations of the company they work for to increase their economic gains. They conduct surveys and create forecasts to discover economic trends to improve the company’s practices. They also work in the production, budgeting, and accounting department to optimize quality control practices.

• Salary with an Economics PhD: $77,427

Is It Worth It to Do a PhD in Economics Online?

Yes, it is worth it to do a PhD in Economics online because it allows you to get advanced education and expertise in economics from the comfort of your home while preparing you to land high-profile positions where you can make an impact on the world. Economics PhD graduates gain advanced knowledge in the theoretical foundations, methodology, and philosophy of economics.

Additional Reading About Economics

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Online PhD in Economics FAQ

Yes, you can do a PhD in Economics entirely at a distance. An increasing number of schools are beginning to offer completely online economics PhD programs for distance learners. Online degrees are respected by hiring managers as well and are considered as good as in-person degrees.

No, you can not get a PhD in Economics in one year. It usually takes a minimum of three years to complete the graduate degree requirements. This includes the credit requirements and dissertation paper.

Yes, it is possible to do a PhD in Economics without a master’s. Although the typical requirements for a PhD program include having an in-person or online Master’s Degree in Economics or relevant field from an accredited institution, some schools allow students to apply to their PhD program without one.

No, 50 is not too late to get a PhD. There is no age limit in the pursuit of higher education, and you can go back to college at 50 or at any time you want. Anyone can enroll in a PhD program regardless of age. All it takes is the willingness to learn and the determination to succeed. In fact, your work experience can help you get into a PhD program.

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The 6 Best Doctor of Economics (DEc) Schools: Salary and Info

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A Ph.D. in Economics allows students to examine the way economics affects global and local industries. Government economic analysts help politicians understand how regulatory boards and laws influence the national economy.

Economics is the study of the supply and demand of goods or services and how they are produced, distributed, and consumed. It tackles the “economic agents,” such as the buyers and sellers, as well as their interaction and behavior.

While an online Ph.D. in Economics degree is a challenging option, it leads to numerous professional career pathways. The rewards are immeasurable as it paves the way for several promising careers in the field. These opportunities allow for the all-important actual interaction and engagement with fellow students and professors.

A Doctor of Economics (DPhil, DEcon, or EconD) is a research-oriented degree program that prepares students for a career in economics research, policymaking, or teaching. It is the highest degree achievable in the field of economics.

Students who pursue a Doctor of Economics degree can specialize in a wide range of areas, including macroeconomics, econometrics, finance, public policy, and economic history.

With this degree, students gain a strong understanding of economic theory and its application to real-world problems. They also develop the necessary skills to conduct quality research and become proficient in quantitative methods.

Doctoral graduates may pursue a career in academia or join the private sector as economists, financial analysts, or policy analysts.

Today, several educational institutions offer a Ph.D. in Economics degree programs that, while obtainable online, may entail on-campus attendance as part of coursework requirements. Many universities have a residency requirement for the completion of the Ph.D. program. They require students to attend off-site seminars at different locations in the country.

DEc holders generally possess advanced knowledge of microeconomics that emphasizes the study of economic agents and macroeconomics that deals with the economic agents as a whole to form an economy.

______________________________

Best Doctor of Economics (DEc) Schools

Rice university.

DOCTORATE IN ECONOMICS

School Highlights: The Rice University Doctorate in Economics covers all of the most pivotal areas of the discipline. In particular, it emphasizes the development, defense, and analysis of any model or theory that has a place in “intuitive plausibility.” Students are exposed to in-depth research projects early on in the degree through workshops, seminars, lectures, and projects.

The program also offers access to the Rice Initiative for the Study of Economics, a program that drastically increased the university’s standing as a leader in economic research.

For students with a passion for accounting, the Department of Economics and the Jones School of Business recently partnered to offer a concentration option in Finance! Graduates from Rice are sought-after talents for positions in:

• research institutions,
• universities,
• private firms,
• and government agencies all across the world.

Coursework Sample:

• Economic Development
• Financial Economics
• Macroeconomics

Campus Location: Houston, TX

Accreditation:

• Higher Learning Commission

LEARN MORE ABOUT RICE UNIVERSITY’S DOCTORATE IN ECONOMICS

Clemson university.

PH.D. IN ECONOMICS

School Highlights: The Doctor of Philosophy in Economics at Clemson University is a highly professional program that emphasizes the application of circumstances “that lend themselves to logical analysis.” Its goal is to prepare graduates to take on educational and non-educational positions in national and international public and private sectors.

The curriculum gives students an excellent understanding of micro and macroeconomic theory, and students implement rigorous economic models in real-world simulations.

The Field Courses take students out of the classroom and into the community, where they put complex ideas into practical use. Clemson University truly creates experts in Economics through this unique Ph.D. program.

• Advanced Managerial Economics
• Economics of Wildlife Management and Policy
• Empirical International Economics

Campus Location: Clemson, SC

LEARN MORE ABOUT CLEMSON UNIVERSITY’S PH.D. IN ECONOMICS

Liberty university.

PH.D. IN PUBLIC POLICY – ECONOMIC POLICY

School Highlights: Liberty University is one of the most vastly successful and popular online schools in the nation. It offers a 100% online Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy with a robust Economic Policy concentration.

The curriculum builds upon previous knowledge and expertise while enhancing policymaking skills for those working in:

• nonprofits,
• government agencies,
• international organizations,
• and consulting firms.

The coursework is delivered at an accelerated rate, and students complete classes throughout eight-week terms. Transfer students are free to utilize up to 50% of the total credits acquired at another institution, which drastically reduces their time at Liberty.

It is a 60-credit program that takes an average of three years to finish, and the affordable tuition rate has not increased in five years!

• Foundations of Statesmanship and Public Policy
• Foreign Policy, Globalization, and Statesmanship
• Introduction to Economic Policy

Campus Location: Lynchburg, VA

LEARN MORE ABOUT LIBERTY UNIVERSITY’S PH.D. IN PUBLIC POLICY – ECONOMIC POLICY

University of arizona.

ECONOMICS PH.D. PROGRAM, VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS

School Highlights: The University of Arizona has an exciting opportunity to earn a doctorate in economics that includes ten different concentration options in a wide variety of subjects. That fact alone sets this school far apart from others that offer students nowhere near the same amount of flexibility.

Each research specialization is instructed by top faculty members who have an enormous amount of experience in their areas of expertise. The first year of the program requires students to complete comprehensive coursework encompassing modern techniques and concepts of econometrics and theory.

It is during the second year when students begin their research projects, working side-by-side with professors. Students seeking a more niche area of study are encouraged to consider the Ph.D. in Agricultural and Resource Economics, which provides an avenue into the study of Wildlife Economics.

Concentration Options:

• Behavioral Economics
• Econometrics
• Economic History
• Environment and Energy Economics
• Experimental Economics
• Health Economics
• Industrial Organization
• labor Economics
• Law and Economics
• Microeconomic Theory

Campus Location: Tuscon, AZ

LEARN MORE ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA’S ECONOMICS PH.D. PROGRAM

American university.

School Highlights: One of the most renowned educational institutions in the entire country, American University in Washington, D.C., supplies a distinctive Doctor of Philosophy program in Economics. The curriculum includes a focus on policy-relevant research and analysis, with numerous topics in micro/macroeconomics.

AU was the first school in the nation to offer a program that includes gender analysis in economics. The highly unique Info-Metrics Institute promotes information processing and dissemination and is available as an unmatched resource to all econ students.

Students can also take advantage of America’s study abroad partnership with EAFIT University in Medellin, Columbia, which offers an invaluable international experience. This state-of-the-art, forward-thinking curriculum puts graduates at the forefront of the industry.

• Economic History Macroeconomic Aspects
• Growing Artificial Societies
• Gender Perspectives on Economic Analysis: Microeconomics

Campus Location: Washington, D.C.

• Middle States Commission on Higher Education

LEARN MORE ABOUT AMERICAN UNIVERSITY’S PHD IN ECONOMICS

Massachusetts institute of technology..

School Highlights: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is recognized as one of the most fabulous and well-respected higher education institutions worldwide. The economics doctorate requires students to choose and complete two of the eleven major field options by the end of the second year. (All of the available majors can be found below.)

Econ students must also complete two minor fields from the eleven choices. Such a thorough course structure provides a phenomenal approach to the economics discipline.

Graduates are extremely well-seasoned experts who have both the research and practical skills to make a positive difference in communities throughout this country and others. Students can rely on MIT throughout their academic and professional years as an incredibly worthy career resource and network.

• Development
• International
• Organizational
• Political Economy
• Public Finance

Campus Location: Cambridge, MA

• New England Association of Schools and Colleges

LEARN MORE ABOUT MIT’S PH.D. IN ECONOMICS

What are the duties of economists.

Economists study the behavior in the production, distribution, and consumption of goods, services, and resources by analyzing the data they collect.

They are the pioneers of evaluating economic issues and researching economic trends that affect consumer behavior. They have several duties that contribute to the welfare of the economy.

While economists prepare tables, charts, and reports that convey research results, they also analyze pieces of data using mathematical principles and statistics.

The majority of these economists work in the federal, local, and state governments. However, economists have numerous opportunities to work in different fields. They apply economic expertise to issues within the environment, development, health, and education sectors of society.

There are also economists who study the cost of products and services as well as examine exchange rates, employment levels, and business cycles. Also, they have a vital role in understanding and analyzing inflation, interest rates, and taxes.

Most of their work requires the use of spreadsheets, database management programs, and statistical data since they study historical trends and utilize them to make relevant forecasting.

Economists play an essential role in the federal government. They collect and analyze data about the economy such as wages, productivity, and employment to name a few. They help influence policymakers in making sound decisions that affect the economy through laws and regulatory procedures.

Additionally, some economists work for private companies and corporations. Their expertise will help these corporations understand how the trend of the economy will impact their business. They also help them through proposed solutions and strategies through the analysis of consumer data and sales that will maximize the company’s profits.

Economists also work for research institutions. Their forecasts and analyses are published in journals in the academic and private sectors.

Some people acquire a Ph.D. in Economics degree to become professors in schools or universities.

How do I earn my Ph.D. in Economics degree?

The DEc degree program is designed to help students who have already built their careers in Economics to further pursue their expertise in the government sector, private, or academia. The Ph.D. program provides opportunities for students to develop research skills, economic theory, and an upper-level analysis

When pursuing a DEc, you must have a master’s degree in Economics or a related field in an accredited university or school. Ph.D. in Economics students are trained to be highly developed in mathematics, analytical, and critical thinking skills. Many programs require the submission of a Graduate Record Exam (GRE) test scores.

Coursework related to your Ph.D. program may include economics & public policy, policy analysis and statesmanship, quantitative methods I and II, foreign policy, microeconomics and macroeconomics, globalization & statesmanship, and competing visions of statesmanship as well as a dissertation.

Doctoral programs take three to five years to complete depending on the students’ pace of learning. The program may also require a written qualifying examination after the first two years of the program. The final two or three years of this degree program emphasize dissertation projects.

What sort of accreditation should I look for in a school?

When you have finally decided to enroll in an Economics doctorate program, it is essential to consider which school or university to attend. One of the unwanted things you would want to happen is to waste time and money on a degree that employers won’t take seriously.

It is crucial that your chosen educational institution has accredited status from reputable accrediting agencies such as:

• The Higher Learning Commission,
• Western Association of Schools and Colleges,
• Middle States Commission on Higher Education,
• New England Association of Schools and Colleges,
• and Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities among others.

In addition to these accrediting agencies, it will be beneficial for students to look into programs that have received accreditation from the AACSB . They are an external accrediting agency that accredits degree programs in business-related fields, including accounting, economics, and finance.

With this being said, colleges and universities that are AACSB-accredited have met specific standards of quality in their business-related educational degree programs.

What type of degree do I need to pursue research or educate others in Economics?

Economists generally work in an office environment independently. However, many economists work in educational institutions to teach students, administer the Economics department of the school, and provide academic student support services.

A Ph.D. in Economics will pave the way for your teaching career since most schools require a graduate degree in the teaching profession.

For the remainder of their workweek, they engage in research work and write journals or publications for academic use or reference.

What schools offer Ph.D. in Economics?

Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia offers an entirely online Ph.D. in Public Policy with a concentration in Economics.

Other universities that offer a hybrid learning format include Clemson University in South Carolina, the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona, Rice University in Houston, Texas, American University in Washington, DC, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

No doubt, earning a graduate degree can be challenging. However, if you can manage to integrate an Economics doctorate program without compromising your personal and professional life, the benefits are rewarding. Explore the beautiful possibilities of the world of Economics and enroll in a Ph.D. program today.

How long would it take to get a Doctorate in Economics?

The amount of time needed to earn a doctorate in economics typically ranges from 4 to 7 years. It usually consists of 1–2 years of coursework, followed by a comprehensive oral examination or qualifying exam.

After that, you would research and write your doctoral thesis and defend it before a committee. The exact time frame could be dependent on your individual program requirements and breadth of study.

Additional Information:

• The Best Online Doctoral Degrees in Business Administration (DBA)
• The Best Online Doctoral Degrees in Finance
• The Best Doctor of Statistics (Ph.D. Stat) Degree Programs: Salary and Information

PhD Program

Year after year, our top-ranked PhD program sets the standard for graduate economics training across the country. Graduate students work closely with our world-class faculty to develop their own research and prepare to make impactful contributions to the field.

Our doctoral program enrolls 20-24 full-time students each year and students complete their degree in five to six years. Students undertake core coursework in microeconomic theory, macroeconomics, and econometrics, and are expected to complete two major and two minor fields in economics. Beyond the classroom, doctoral students work in close collaboration with faculty to develop their research capabilities, gaining hands-on experience in both theoretical and empirical projects.

How to apply

Students are admitted to the program once per year for entry in the fall. The online application opens on September 15 and closes on December 15.

Meet our students

Our PhD graduates go on to teach in leading economics departments, business schools, and schools of public policy, or pursue influential careers with organizations and businesses around the world. 

Online PhD Economics

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Written By - David Guetta

The online PhD economics program prepares aspiring individuals for careers in academia, research, and government by combining a rigorous technical education with an emphasis on research that is relevant to policy. An Online PhD Economics graduate will be proficient in economic theory, statistical techniques, and applied field knowledge. They would be able to pose and empirically address economic questions, paving the way to various careers in many sectors. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), jobs for economists are rapidly expanding and are expected to grow by 13% between 2020 and 2030 . This guide gives prospective doctoral students an in-depth understanding of online PhD economics programs, including what the program entails, research areas, career options, and more.

Featured Online Programs

National University

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National University, headquartered in San Diego, California, was founded in 1971 to provide educational opportunities for adult learners and working professionals. It offers over 190 degree programs, including  bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral  degrees, with flexible  online and on-campus  courses. Serving around 40,000 students and over 240,000 alumni, the university is recognized for its support of U.S. military members.  Accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC) , National University is committed to accessible and transformative higher education.

Best Online PhD Economics Programs

Most prospective PhD students struggle to find the top universities for PhD in economics, behavioral economics PhD rankings, and so on. This is because several factors must be considered when ranking a school, such as the faculty’s quality and experience, availability of suitable PhD guides or mentors, access to excellent research facilities, accreditation, and more. FBD teams searched the country for the top economics PhD programs based on these and other criteria. As a result, here is a list of the best universities for PhD in economics: *

Liberty University

Ottawa University

Marymount University

Hampton University

Pardee RAND Graduate School

California Baptist University

University of Southern Mississippi

Universities and programs are ranked by various factors, such as affordability, curriculum and coursework, reputation and availability, program length, statistics, the potential of employment, and return on investment for the students. For a more in-depth analysis, please read about our rankings methodology page . 

What to Expect from Online PhD Economics Programs

Doctor of economics programs are designed for students with exceptional promise who want to prepare for careers in teaching and research in academia, as well as positions of responsibility in research organizations, government, or business enterprises. Students in these programs are prepared for productive and stimulating careers as economists. The program’s courses and seminars foster an intellectually active, cognitively strong, and stimulating environment.

The doctoral program is divided into 2 to 3 years of coursework, followed by the dissertation years. During the first year, all students take a set of core courses and field courses in their chosen specializations. The second and/or third year field coursework must typically be completed in either econometrics, macroeconomics, international trade, industrial organization, or public economics. Of course, this would vary by college and program. Students then enter the program’s dissertation phase after completing the required coursework and field exams. Every student must write and defend an original dissertation, a single multi-chapter dissertation or a collection of separate but related papers. Read the Guide to PhD Programs to understand more.

Here is the basic structure of online PhD economics programs:

(a) Coursework

The course selection for doctoral students is broad. Most of the time, students can choose their course plans from one branch of economics to fit their needs and professional objectives.

(b) Teaching

Although not always a requirement, at some colleges, teaching experience is strongly recommended for students who are not Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs) but want to become professors.

(c) Residency

In some cases, unless they have an assistantship, students are required to complete a certain number of prescribed credit hours of graduate-level coursework. The student is required to study full-time during this period. Residency is sometimes needed before taking the comprehensive exams.

(d) Comprehensive Exams

Students are eligible to take comprehensive examinations when they have completed all coursework. Most students choose to write a manuscript on a topic of their choice and defend it orally before a committee of departmental, school, and/or university faculty members.

(e) Dissertation

The PhD candidate will collaborate with their advisor to choose a topic that will advance the field after passing the comprehensive exam.

(f) Field Experience

Doctoral students are encouraged to participate in independent study research courses to combine and relate classroom theory with field activities. They can engage with scientific communities through research and collate data from various sources for this purpose.

The coursework one can expect in an online PhD economics degree would largely be the same for most programs but would be at advanced levels and would include:

• Microeconomics
• Macroeconomics
• Econometrics

Likewise, some of the research areas students can expect from the PhD economics program include:

• International Trade & Finance
• Behavioral & Experimental
• Political Economy
• Industrial Organization
• Public Economics
• Microeconomic Theory
• Research fields and field requirements:
• Development Economics
• Econometric Methods with Causal Inference
• Market Design
• Environmental, Resource & Energy Economics
• Labor Economics
• Economic History

Areas of Specializations in Online PhD Economics Programs

Specialization in one of the various branches of economics can lead to better job opportunities and higher pay. They focus the study of economics on a single topic, allowing students to conduct research in that field and become experts. Here are a few examples of concentrations available to students pursuing a PhD in economics:

Some of the other specializations and PhD programs students can consider include but are not limited to:

• PhD Macroeconomics
• PhD in Computational Economics
• PhD in Economic Development
• PhD Political Economy Online
• Online PhD in Economics and Finance
• Labor-Public Economics
• Applied Econometrics

Why should I get an Online PhD Economics Degree?

One of the best ways to conduct and promote global priority research is through economics in particular. A PhD in economics is one of the most sought-after graduate degrees, with a good chance of getting a job in academia or research. Unlike many PhD programs, the skills one acquired from the doctorate in economics are in high demand in the corporate sector as well. Those who want to work in economics research, have strong math skills, and have a keen interest in economics should strongly consider pursuing a PhD in economics.

Upon completing the online PhD economics, individuals would be able to contribute to global priorities research and help come up with practical solutions to the many economic issues present globally. The program provides students with a diverse set of tools for comprehending the social world and assessing causes and interventions that can impact millions of lives.

Doctoral students would have acquired several skills by completing the PhD economics online that would prove invaluable throughout their careers. For example, they would have acquired the ability to:

• show a strong background in their area of specialization and have a thorough understanding of the significant past and present contributions in the area;
• create a compelling academic argument for their position by presenting and analyzing the evidence with care;
• determine intriguing issues, come up with innovative answers, and communicate the findings to the scientific community;
• prepare submissions that adhere to the requirements of a particular economic journal, and take revision suggestions seriously;
• produce scholarship that is comparable to articles that are published in prestigious peer-reviewed journals in terms of scope and format;
• utilize the variety of resources available for economics research, including empirical analysis (econometric and experimental) and theoretical modeling;
• solve complex issues by utilizing technical tools, as well as by locating and properly using data sources; and
• be independent scholars capable of conducting superior research in both academic and non-academic contexts.

Free Courses for Online PhD Economics Students

Free courses are always useful for PhD of economics students to aid with their research on specific topics. Although these courses are not accredited and often do not lead to any certification, they provide additional knowledge and different perspectives on the subject. Here are some platforms that offer online PhD economics courses for free:

How to get into the Online PhD Economics Programs?

To be admitted to an online PhD in economics programs, applicants must have a master’s degree from a regionally accredited institution or a foreign university that meets both the bachelor’s and master’s degree requirements. Furthermore, a Grade Point Average (GPA) of at least 3.0 on a 4.0 scale is usually required. Prospective students at some colleges may also be necessary to identify a suitable professor who will serve as their advisor or mentor throughout their research. Aside from these, the following are some of the most common PhD in economics requirements:

Online Application & Application Fee

Completing an online application and paying the prescribed application fee.

Official Academic Transcripts

An official copy of academic transcripts from each college/university attended.

Undergraduate/Graduate Degree + Grade Point Average

An undergraduate and/or graduate degree from an accredited university and Grade Point Average (GPA) of 3.0 or more.

Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) Scores

An official copy of GRE scores no older than 5 years.

Graduate Résumé or Curriculum Vitae

The latest résumé or CV that provides personal information and work experience.

Personal Statement or Statement of purpose

A statement outlining how the program relates to the applicant’s career goals.

Letters of Recommendation

At least 3 letters of recommendation from those who can provide a thorough evaluation of the applicant’s abilities at the graduate level.

Proof of English proficiency

A document proving proficiency in English (for non-native English speakers).

Online PhD Economics No GRE Programs

The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a common component of the admissions process. However, it may be possible to eliminate the need for these test results. Typically, the school will determine whether a GRE score is required or not. Some universities do not require students to take the GRE if they have a high GPA, relevant experience, and a solid academic background. However, this admissions requirement is ultimately waived at the school’s discretion. Fortunately, the quality and content of these graduate programs that do not require a GRE score are frequently the same as the ones that do. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and The University of Arizona are examples of institutions that have waived the GRE requirement for entry into Ph.D in economics programs in 2024-2023.

How Long does it take to complete the Online PhD Economics Program

The PhD economics program is intended to be finished in 4 to 5 years, with the first 3 years being devoted to coursework and the last 1 to 2 years being dedicated to research and dissertation completion. It is also possible for students to pursue the economics PhD part time but opting for these programs would mean longer durations. For example, a part time PhD business economics could well take over 6 to 8 years to complete. Whatever the timeline, students’ work in economics PhD programs is typically very detailed and narrowly focused on their chosen specialization, which in turn determines the time it would take for one to graduate. Here is a quick overview of the online PhD in economics Duration:

• Minimum time required for a full-time PhD in economics: about 4 to 5 years.
• Maximum time required for a PhD in economics: up to 8 years.
• PhD in economics credits: 65 to 75 credits.

Accelerated Online PhD Economics Programs

An accelerated curriculum allows students to move through their programs more quickly, increasing their chances of graduating sooner. Fast-track and accelerated doctoral degrees enable students to earn their PhD of economics in as little as three years, though some students may need an extra year to complete their doctoral dissertation in addition to the coursework years. Some universities allow students to begin their PhD programs while still pursuing their master’s degrees. In such cases, the master’s thesis becomes critical and can be “upgraded” or expanded to serve as a PhD dissertation. A few universities offer masters + PhD programs that allow students to shorten their time to earn their doctoral degree, an example being Binghamton University .

Accreditations for Online PhD Economics Programs

Accreditation demonstrates a program’s quality as well as the school’s dedication to a student-centric approach to teaching and learning. Having accreditation means that a school recognizes and meets the needs of students and potential employers by improving academic quality continuously. Colleges can be accredited nationally or regionally by independent organizations recognized by the United States Department of Education ( USDE ) and/or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation ( CHEA ). Regional accreditation is the most common type of accreditation sought by colleges offering accredited online economics degrees in the United States, and it is granted by six independent bodies:

• New England Association of Schools and Colleges ( NEASC )
• Middle States Commission on Higher Education ( MSCHE )
• Higher Learning Commission ( HLC )
• Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges ( SACSCOC )
• Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities ( NWCCU )
• Western Association of Schools anad Colleges (WASC) Senior College and University Commission ( WSCUC )

The best online PhD programs in economics may also be programmatically accredited by non-regional accrediting agencies. Two main accrediting bodies for economics schools and programs are the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business ( AACSB ) and the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs ( ACBSP ). Read the Guide to College Accreditation to learn more about accreditation.

How to Pay for an Online PhD Economics Programs?

An online PhD economics degree is typically very expensive to pursue. The average cost of a PhD doctorate degree in the United States is $98,800, according to Education Data . Even if prospective online students are not required to pay additional transportation, meals, or campus-related expenses, they must still pay the high tuition fee and associated research costs, which can be financially burdensome for many. The following are some of the outside funding options available to students for their online economics PhD degree:

Scholarships

Scholarships are popular among students because they are free and non-repayable. They are given to students who are deserving and meritorious, with academic performance serving as the primary selection criterion.

Grants, like scholarships, do not have to be repaid. Unlike scholarships, which are frequently awarded based on academic performance, grants are usually awarded based on the applicant’s financial need.

Fellowships

Predoctoral Fellowships, also known as PhD Fellowships, are grants awarded to doctoral candidates. PhD fellowship recipients must typically complete a future assignment or spend the funds on a specific purpose in exchange for the money. There are numerous awards and fellowships available to retain or attract the best students.

Work-Study Programs

Work-study programs, which provide part-time employment, assist students in covering school tuition and fees. Many of these jobs are related to the student’s academic program or are volunteer opportunities. Students can also gain practical experience through work-study programs.

Graduate Assistantships

Graduate assistantships are available for students who want to assist faculty in the classroom as graduate teaching assistants or conduct research as graduate research assistants. In exchange for their efforts, assistants are paid a fee or receive tuition discounts or waivers.

Student Loans

A student loan is another option for funding PhD programs for students. Several banks, financial institutions, and the federal government offer educational loans. Borrowing money will increase the overall cost of education because loans come with interest. Understand how one can apply for loan forgiveness to avoid repaying student loans by reading about Donors for Student Loans and Grants for Student Loans .

The Free Application For Student Aid or FAFSA is an application for federal financial aid that all prospective and current college students must complete to check if they are eligible for aid and receive the best financial aid package possible. The FAFSA Student Aid guide explains more.

Discover what financial aid is and learn everything there is to know about college funding in the How to Pay for College guide.

Fully Funded Online PhD Economics Programs

With the average cost of a PhD doctorate degree in the United States being $98,800 , many PhD aspirants would need to seek outside financial assistance. Fortunately, some colleges offer fully-funded online PhD programs in economics. Fully funded PhD programs in economics in USA will generally cover a student’s expenses for the three to five years they work on their doctorate (tuition, a living stipend, etc.). The following are a few fully-funded economics PhD programs:

FAQs Related to the Online PhD Economics Programs

How do you get a phd in economics.

To get a PhD in economics, one is required to go through the following steps:

• Complete all required coursework
• Select a specialization and research area
• Conduct research in the chosen area 
• Approach a faculty advisor/mentor
• Complete and pass all comprehensive qualifying exams
• Prepare the dissertation
• Submit the dissertation and defend it

How many years for PhD in economics?

A PhD typically takes 4 to 5 years to complete. For the first 1 to 2  years, students take classes and then spend the rest of the years researching and writing a dissertation. Some universities allow students to enroll part-time, which would take them longer to complete the program.

Can I do a PhD part time?

Yes. Several universities across the country allow students to pursue their doctoral programs part-time. Those working and unwilling to give up their careers to study can consider programs such as the part time PhD in economics or part time PhD in business administration & economics. However, it is noteworthy that part-time PhD programs could take 6 to 8 years to complete.

What can you do with a PhD in economics?

A PhD in economics is one of the most appealing graduate programs and can lead to influential research positions in academia or policymaking. For those willing to work outside of academics, the economics PhD can lead to senior roles as managers and directors in various sectors, including government, nonprofit, and international organizations.

How much does a PhD in economics make?

The economics PhD does not lead to specific job titles; they are generally senior positions in industry or academia. This, coupled with the years of experience one has, makes it difficult to accurately report how much PhD in economics holders make. The salary would also depend on the sector and work setting. However, to serve as an indicator, Payscale reports that the median average annual salary of an economics PhD holder is $112,000 .

Can you get a PhD in economics online?

Yes. The PhD in economics is available online at many institutions. The online option is advantageous for many with benefits, such as flexible class scheduling, lower tuition, and lower travel expenses. Some of the best PhD in economics programs online are listed in this guide.

Can I do a PhD in economics without a masters?

Yes, some universities allow students to pursue a PhD in economics without first earning a master’s degree or while pursuing a master’s program. Students must, however, have completed several hours of doctoral research, and all other requirements for their chosen PhD program and emphasis area must be met by a student who is accepted straight from a bachelor’s degree. Based on the student’s bachelor’s background and their chosen doctoral path, the advisory committee for direct PhD students will specify additional coursework beyond the minimum. George Mason University is an excellent example where one can earn a master’s in economics while pursuing a PhD

Career Opportunities and Salaries after Online PhD Economics

What can you do with an economics PhD? Completing the PhD economics program allows individuals to teach undergraduate classes, conduct independent and collaborative research, or work in senior roles in various industries, including health care, banking, education, finance, business, and government and non-profit organizations. Many go on to work in research facilities, academia, and government think tanks, often liaising with industry experts and professionals. Although PhD economics holders may share job titles with their bachelor’s and master’s counterparts, they often land careers in senior management or positions. Examples of job titles include but are not limited to:

• Project Manager
• Senior Marketing Analyst
• Operations Research Systems Analyst
• Senior Budget Analyst
• Administrative Director
• Senior Financial Analyst
• Senior Systems Analyst
• Senior Project Administrator
• Statistician
• Industry Analyst
• State Policy Analyst
• Economic Researcher
• Economic Consultant
• Bank Director
• Finance Director

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects that economist occupations will grow by 13% from 2020 to 2030, adding an estimated 1,600 jobs each year . Listed below are some examples of economics jobs, median annual salaries, and job growth, as reported by the BLS. It should be noted that the salaries mentioned are typically for those who have obtained their bachelors or masters in economics. PhD holders are likely to earn higher salaries:

Certifications and Licensing for PhD in Economics Students

A person’s competency—their education, demonstrated knowledge, and experience—is formally recognized by certification in a given profession. It is a formal process carried out and completed by a group of knowledgeable, experienced, and skilled organization representatives that improves one’s résumé and career opportunities. Each certification in the discipline of economics is unique to the economics discipline to which it pertains, such as health, finance, petroleum, business, and so on. PhD of economics holders can consider the following certifications:

Certified Business Economist (CBE)

The National Association for Business Economics (NABE) administers the Certified Business Economist (CBE) program, which was created by leading economists to “bridge the gap between what is learned in an academic setting and the knowledge required to succeed as a practitioner.”

Economic Development Finance Professional (EDFP) Certification Program

The Economic Development Finance Professional (EDFP) Certification Program focuses on the skills required for successful economic development, including loan packaging procedures, business credit & real estate financial analysis techniques, negotiating and problem-solving abilities, and deal structuring techniques.

American Academy of Financial Management (AAFM) Certifications

The American Academy of Financial Management (AAFM) bestows over 50 specialist designations and 20 distinct certifications on professionals who possess the necessary qualifications, experience, and training in economics-related fields. Examples of some of AAFM’s certifications are:

• AFA Accredited Financial Analyst
• AMA Accredited Management Accountant  
• AMC Accredited Management Consultant  
• MMC Master Management Consultant 
• CIPM Certified International Project Manager 
• CEPA Chartered Economic Policy Analyst
• ChE Chartered Economist
• ChHE Chartered Health Economist
• ChEE Charted Energy Economist
• ChFE Chartered Financial Economist
• ChME Chartered Managerial Economist
• ChIE Chartered Industrial Economist
• ChPE Chartered Petroleum Economist

Although not required for economists, licensure is strongly recommended for many analyst positions to demonstrate professional competence. The CFA Institute, for example, allows financial analysts to become chartered financial analysts.

Additional Resources for PhD in Economics Students

Given the importance of economics in almost every aspect of life, both PhD economics students and working professionals must stay current on new trends, policy changes, evolving markets, and consumer wants and demands. They should also network with others to broaden their economic knowledge and expertise, which may help them advance in their careers. Here are some resources that might be helpful in this endeavor:

National Economic Association (NEA)

The National Economic Association (NEA) promotes minority economists’ professional careers. To promote economic growth, the organization creates and disseminates knowledge about economic issues of particular interest to native and immigrant African Americans, Latinos, and other people of color.

World Economics Association (WEA)

The World Economics Association (WEA) is a professional organization dedicated to promoting a pluralistic approach to economics. WEA seeks to expand the scope, breadth, and depth of economic thought. Plurality, competence, reality and relevance, diversity, openness, outreach, ethical behavior, and global democracy are all examples of this.

The National Association for Business Economics (NABE)

The National Association for Business Economics (NABE) is a professional organization for business economists and people from other walks of life who use economics in their daily work. NABE organizes surveys and events, publishes books, and certifies its members.

American Institute for Economic Research (AIER)

The American Institute for Economic Research (AIER) is famous for its nonpartisan economic research and advocacy. The organization is dedicated to developing and promoting pure freedom and private governance through advanced economic research, accessible media outreach, educational programming, and more.

Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET)

The Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET) was created to advance theoretical economics knowledge and facilitate communication among researchers in economics, game theory, mathematics, and any other such relevant fields that could be useful to economic theory.

Disclaimer:

The average tuition (based on degree type for in-state students), average graduation rates, and rankings are based on data from various sources, including the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), and are variable over time. All rankings and statistics are subject to change. The rankings are solely the opinion of Find Best Degrees (FBD) and are based on our  proprietary methodology . They do not represent the views of the institutions or organizations mentioned, nor do they represent any official government census or survey. Furthermore, any views or opinions expressed on this page are of FBD’s researchers and teams. Unless otherwise specified, they do not represent the thoughts and opinions of the individuals, institutions, or organizations mentioned. This page’s content is provided solely for informational purposes, with data drawn from various sources, including IPEDS. FBD and its employees make no guarantees regarding the accuracy or completeness of any information found on this page or by following any link. FBD will not be held liable for any errors or omissions in this material nor any losses, injuries, or damages resulting from the exposure or use of this information. Although the information on this page is/was correct at the time of publication, readers should exercise caution because some or all of the provided information may have changed over time, potentially resulting in inaccuracies. For more information, please read our  Terms of Service . Trademarks and logos are the property of their registered owners.

Tepper School of Business

Ph.D. Program in Economics

Graduates have exceptional research training in economic theory and the quantitative tools required for innovative research on complex economic problems..

The purpose of the Ph.D. program in Economics is to educate scientists who will advance the frontiers of economic knowledge through research and teaching.

The program is designed to provide students with sound training in economic theory, and the quantitative tools required for innovative research on economic problems. Equally important, the program is structured to allow students both time and guidance for research activities.

The goal of the doctoral program in economics is to help students learn to do original, creative research. Unlike most graduate programs in economics, we have chosen not to impose rigid course requirements on students. Instead, we emphasize involving students in research early in their graduate careers. Students in the doctoral program in economics at the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon take courses in order to learn the fundamental principles of economic theory underlying all areas of application, and to master the analytic and modeling techniques of the practicing research economist. In-depth knowledge of specialized areas is required as a by-product of research activity.

At the completion of the Ph.D. program in economics at the Tepper School, a student should have mastered the fundamental principles of economic theory and the quantitative tools required for basic and applied research. Additionally, the student should have attained a level of skill in research techniques which will serve as the basis for continued self-development.

• Students are expected to obtain knowledge of substantive research areas by taking elective courses, attending and participating in seminars, working with the faculty, and reading research papers.
• Students are urged to actively involve themselves in the intellectual life of the school.
• Seminars are a fundamental mechanism for exchange of information throughout the profession, and they are an essential professional activity of a successful research economist.
• Students should plan to attend weekly seminars throughout their stay at the business school.

Research Topics

• Real Business Cycles
• Expectations and Indeterminacy of Monetary Equilibrian Experimental Economies
• Consistent Incentive Mechanism (Contract) Design
• Corporate Financial Policy Under Asymmetric Information
• Bargaining Foundations of Product Innovation
• Variation in Wages and Hours of Work Over the Business Cycle
• Individual Adjustment to Changing Labor Markets
• The Distribution of Income Within and Across Households
• The Results of Deregulation
• Macroeconomic Policy
• International Trade Policy
• Female Labor Supply and Fertility
• The Economics Behind Marketing "New and Improving" Products
• Risk Analysis and Management
• Estimation and Inference for Dynamic Economic Models
• The Duration of Interorganizational Relationships
• The Endogeneity of Appropriability and R&D Investment

P lease visit our Ph.D. Student Profiles page t o view the profiles of our current doctoral candidates.

Program details.

• Requirements
• Building The Intelligent Future: Strategic Plan 2024-2030
• Academic Calendar
• Course List
• Privacy Policy
• Statement of Assurance
• Tepper Information Center
• Tepper Store

Top 15 Most Affordable Online Economics PhD Programs (Doctorates) 2024

Are you interested in a doctorate degree, but are concerned about the high cost of college? We rank the most affordable online economics PhD degree programs.

Key Takeaways

• The most affordable online doctoral programs in economics range between $300 and $1,500.
• The average tuition fee per year for an online economics PhD is $19,749.
• Out-of-state students pay more than in-state students unless the school provides a flat tuition fee.

It takes bravery to seek an online doctorate, but it can ultimately be beneficial. It can, however, be expensive to obtain. The U.S. News & World Report claims that the college expenses increase substantially each year.

A PhD student needs strong budgeting skills after factoring in the price of books, living expenditures, transportation costs, the cost of the dissertation, and research time. To cut down on debt after graduation, these expenses in online doctorate programs in economics should be taken seriously.

Featured Programs

Making an online phd in economics as affordable as possible.

There are a number of ways to ensure that online doctorate programs in economics are as affordable as possible.

In-state Tuition

The cost of online doctoral programs in economics vary based on several factors. Most colleges and universities charge more for out-of-state students. However, there are some schools that offer flat-rate tuition, which means that in-state and out-of-state students pay the same per credit cost.

Other Expenses

Earning an online doctorate in economics degree as opposed to a traditional on-campus doctorate degree makes it possible to save money on expenses like housing, transportation, and certain campus fees.

Continue Working

Online doctoral programs often make it possible to continue working in your field, which means you can complete your degree program while still earning a living. This can ultimately reduce your dependence on student loan debt.

Earning a PhD in economics through online doctoral programs is a great option for busy professionals who want to continue their education while juggling work and family life.

Financial Aid, Scholarships, Grants, and Loans

If affordability is a particular concern, and it is making you reluctant to pursue an online PhD in economics, you may be able to take advantage of financial aid, including grants, scholarships, and loans.

For more information, visit the Federal Student Aid website. It is especially important that you choose online doctoral programs that are accredited in order to qualify.

Assistantships

Many schools offering an online PhD doctoral degree in economics also have assistantship opportunities for their graduate students. Assistantships may give teaching opportunities in exchange for tuition waivers and a stipend. Each school is different, so check into the online economics doctorate degree program you are interested in.

Bottom Line: An affordable online PhD in economics doctoral degree is possible when you factor in things like in-state tuition, financial aid, grants, and assistantships.

Scarcity of Online Economics Doctorates

There are cost savings with some online PhD programs in economics. However, some students may choose to attend traditional degree programs due to the scarcity of online doctorate programs in economics.

To help you research doctorate programs in economics that fit your needs, we rounded up the most affordable on-campus and online PhD programs to choose from.

If an affordable, in-demand PhD is exactly what you are looking for, check out our other Affordable Degree Rankings .

On-campus Doctorate Degree Programs vs Online PhD Programs

On-campus and online programs have their own merits. Online doctorate degree programs generally costs less than traditional brick-and-mortar programs. Prospective students online won’t have to pay additional expenses for transportation, housing for students, labs, or study materials.

Additionally, online doctorate degree programs are typically more flexible because they allow online doctorate students to complete the program at their own pace. On-campus students must physically be present for their classes at certain times and locations on the university campus.

The advantages, however, of attending an on-campus doctorate degree program are physical engagement and funding available. On-campus economic PhD programs allow students to engage physically with peers and professors, aiding learning and motivation. On the other hand, online students must use virtual platforms to get in touch with professors at predetermined times.

Furthermore, it may be more difficult for online students to secure fellowships, teaching assistantships, and research assistantships than it is for on-campus doctorate degree students.

So, an on-campus program may be more cost-effective than online doctorate programs.

Cost of an Online PhD in Economics Doctoral Degree

A PhD in economics costs $19,749 on average each year , according to the National Center for Education Statistics. This is the typical graduate tuition charged between 2020 and 2021 at public and private institutions.

The cost of education varies by school, and because private colleges rely more heavily on tuition fees for revenue, their prices are frequently higher than those of public universities.

But the financing that private institutions receive from private benefactors is the main perk of attending one. Private institutions frequently have larger budgets for research and expansion than public universities.

The cost of an online PhD in economics doctoral degree is also significantly influenced by in-state and out-of-state residency. Residents of a state pay in-state tuition to attend state-run institutions. The out-of-state tuition rate is what a student from another state must pay to attend the same school.

Luckily some doctorate degree programs have flat-rate tuition, which means that an out-of-state-student will pay the same tuition as an in-state student.

Many online doctorate programs allow out-of-state students to pay in-state tuition. Traditional brick-and-mortar schools are less likely to offer flat-rate tuition.

Economics doctoral programs can cost anywhere from $300 and $2,500 per credit. But there are many affordable online doctorate programs that cost between $300 and $1,500 per credit.

15 Most Affordable Online Economics Doctorates

Liberty university.

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Tuition + fees

Student body

Liberty University’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Religious Studies
• Criminal Justice
• Political Science
• Social Work
• Communications

Most Influential Alumni

• Ravi Zacharias
• Susan Wise Bauer
• Michael R. Licona
• Robert H. Smith
• Michael Tait
• Jerry Falwell Jr.

Liberty University is a pioneer in online education and offers hundreds of affordable online degree programs from bachelor to graduate levels with Christian-based education. It’s one of the top online schools in the United States.

Liberty’s PhD in Public Policy - Economics costs $595 per credit hour. On the other hand, military students pay $300 per credit hour. This Economics PhD online program trains students to influence economic policy in law, media, politics, education, and international relations at a very low cost and conduct original research.

• Required Credits: 60
• Completion time: 3 years
• Format: Online

What we love about Liberty University

The Christian-based curriculum.

Liberty University is great for students who:

Want to develop a stronger bond with Christ while developing research skills and enricing knowledge for career advancement.

Liberty University might not be the best fit for students who:

Have poor time management skills and are unable to study independently.

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

• #7 Best Research Universities in North Carolina 2024
• #8 Best Colleges in North Carolina 2024
• #2 Most Affordable Early Childhood Education Bachelor's (Online, On-Campus)
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• #5 Best Online Master's in Economics
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• #13 Best Online Bachelor’s in Liberal Arts and Humanities Degree Programs for 2025
• #20 Best Online Master's in Nursing MSN
• #23 Best Online Master’s in Information Technology
• #24 Best Online Master’s in Education

Median SAT/ACT

Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of North Carolina at Greensboro

University of North Carolina at Greensboro’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Norman B. Anderson
• Justin Tornow
• Kelly Cherry
• Glenn D. Walters
• John Kenneth Muir
• Claudia Emerson
• Robert Morgan
• Bruce Caldwell
• Mary Ellen Snodgrass
• Cleveland Sellers
• Keith Lee Morris

The University of North Carolina Greensboro is one of the country’s leaders in online education. UNC rigorously educates and trains students to become leaders, creators, and explorers in North Carolina and around the globe.

UNC Greensboro offers one of the most affordable online doctorate degrees. The PhD in Business Administration costs only $336 per credit hour for in-state students and $1,098 for out-of-state students. This online doctor of business administration program allows students to enroll in doctorate-level courses in Econometric Analysis. Students will also focus on online doctorate courses directly related to economics, such as emerging economics and organizational economics.

• Required Credits: 54
• Completion time: 5 years

What we love about the University of North Carolina Greensboro

UNC Greensboro is really good at helping students know what they want to do and helping them achieve it.

The University of North Carolina Greensboro is great for students who:

Want to have a liberal arts foundation.

The University of North Carolina Greensboro might not be the best fit for students who:

Only attend college to party and are not dedicated to their studies.

Atlantic International University

Atlantic International University’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Anthropology

Atlantic International University is an online learning institution based in the United States. The university provides a variety of majors at the associates, bachelor, master, and doctorate levels.

AIU’s PhD in Economics is one of the rarest and most affordable online doctorate programs. Prospective students of this economics online degree can study and do research in a number of important computer science fields, building a solid foundation in both theory and practice.

• Required Credits: 48

What we love about Atlantic International University

The affordable and accessible degree programs.

Atlantic International University is great for students who:

Want to transfer life experience to reduce required credit hours.

Atlantic International University might not be the best fit for students who:

Want to enroll in a US-accredited university.

University of Arizona

• #1 Best Grad Schools in Arizona 2024
• #1 The Most Influential Universities and Colleges Ranked by State 2024
• #1 Most Affordable Colleges in Arizona 2024
• #1 Best Public Colleges in Arizona 2024
• #1 Best Research Universities in Arizona 2024
• #23 Best Research Universities for Criminal Justice Degrees
• #1 Best Online Bachelor’s of Digital Media for 2025
• #1 Best Online Bachelor’s of History Degree Programs Ranked for 2025
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's in Biology 2025
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's in Organizational Leadership Degree Programs
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's in Accounting 2025
• #1 Best Online Bachelor’s in Business Administration Degree Programs
• #1 Best Online Master's in Behavior Analysis Degree Programs
• #1 Best Online Bachelor’s of Early Childhood Education Degree Programs for 2025
• #1 Best Online Master's in Agriculture and Agribusiness Degree Programs
• #1 The Best Online Colleges Ranked for Students in 2024
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's in Cybersecurity
• #1 Best Online Colleges in Arizona 2024
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's in Law and Legal Studies Degree Programs for 2025
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's of Economics Degree Programs for 2024
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's in Philosophy Degree Programs Ranked for 2024
• #1 Best Online Master's Programs in Arizona 2024
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's in Cybersecurity in Arizona 2025
• #1 Best Online Bachelor’s of Electrical and Computer Engineering Degree Programs for 2024
• #1 Best Online Bachelor’s in Child Development Degree Programs for 2024
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's in Psychology Degree Programs for Students
• #1 Top 10 Best Online Bachelor's of Web Design Degree Programs 2025
• #2 Top 20 Most Affordable Online Bachelor's of Cybersecurity 2025
• #2 Best Online Master's Degrees in Accounting 2025
• #2 Best Online Bachelor’s of Communications Degree Programs for 2025
• #2 Best Online MBA in Entrepreneurship Ranked for Students in 2024
• #2 Best Online MBA in Business Analytics Ranked for Students in 2024
• #2 Top 20 Best Online Accredited Doctorate Degree Programs (PhDs) 2024
• #2 Best Research Universities with Online Doctorates (PhDs) 2024
• #2 Top 20 Most Affordable Online Master's of Nursing Programs
• #2 Best Online MBAs in Finance
• #2 Best Online MBA in Marketing Degree Programs Ranked for Students in 2024
• #2 Best Online MBA Programs in Arizona
• #3 Best Online Doctorate in Education Degree Programs Ranked for Students
• #3 Best Online Master's in Cybersecurity
• #4 Best Online Master's in Marketing and Advertising
• #4 Best Online Master’s in Sustainability and Green Technologies
• #4 Best Online Master’s in Engineering Management
• #4 Best Online Master's in Special Education
• #4 Best Online Master's in Economics
• #4 Top 18 Most Affordable No GRE Online PhD Degree Programs
• #5 Fastest Online Bachelor's Degrees Ranked for 2025
• #5 Best Online Bachelor’s of Human Services Degree Programs Ranked for 2024
• #5 Best Online Bachelor's in Public Health Degree Programs for Students
• #6 Best Online Master's in Criminal Justice
• #7 The Best Online MBA Degree Programs in 2024 Ranked for Students
• #7 Best Online Master’s in Engineering
• #8 Top 50 Best No GRE Online PhD Degree Programs (Doctorates)
• #8 Most Affordable Online Criminology Doctorate Programs (PhDs)
• #9 Best Online Master's in Management
• #10 Best Online Master's Programs 2024
• #11 Most Affordable Online Sociology Doctorate Programs (PhDs)
• #13 Most Affordable Online Criminal Justice PhDs (Doctorates)
• #20 Most Affordable Online Bachelor's Degree Programs Ranked for 2024
• #3 Fastest Accelerated Online Master's of Nursing Degree Programs 2024
• #6 Best Online PhD of Nursing (DNP) Degree Programs Ranked for 2024

Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of Arizona

University of Arizona’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Earth Sciences
• Geraldo Rivera
• Clifford Stoll
• Temple Grandin
• Garry Shandling
• Brian Schmidt
• Henry Eyring
• Michael McClure
• Barbara Kingsolver
• George H. Smith
• Allen Buchanan
• Frank Press

The University of Arizona is among the largest land-grant institutions in the country. UofA offers affordable learning to help non-traditional students achieve their professional and academic goals without breaking the bank. The university also among the nation’s most diverse institutions.

UofA’s traditional PhD in Economics program has in-state and out-of-state per semester tuition fees of $14,000 and $34,000. This economics PhD program is among the most flexible degree programs, allowing students to tailor their learning based on their career goals. Specialization courses include experimental economics, health economics, and industrial organization.

• Required Credits: 84
• Format: On-campus

What we love about The University of Arizona

The wide range of programs and school activities that fosters collaboration and success.

The University of Arizona is great for students who:

Thrive in large class sizes and independent study.

The University of Arizona might not be the best fit for students who:

Want to study in a more centralized learning environment.

University at Buffalo

• #10 Best Grad Schools in New York 2024
• #3 Best Online Master’s in Counseling
• #4 Most Affordable Online Sociology Doctorate Programs (PhDs)
• #5 10 Best Online Master's of Music Education Degree Programs
• #7 Best Online Master's Programs in New York 2024
• #11 Top 15 Most Affordable Online Social Work PhDs (Doctorates)
• #12 Fastest Online Bachelor's Degrees Ranked for 2025
• #14 Best Online Master's in Social Work MSW
• #21 Best Online Master’s in Engineering
• #23 Best Online Master's Programs 2024
• #2 Best College Majors that Offer Accelerated Degree Programs
• #10 Best Online PhD of Nursing (DNP) Degree Programs Ranked for 2024

Career Outlook for Economics degree at University at Buffalo

University at Buffalo’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Computer Science
• Mathematics
• Engineering
• Wilfrid Sellars
• Richard Hofstadter
• Terry Gross
• Leslie White
• Warren Bennis
• William Lawvere
• C. L. Max Nikias
• Robert Hass
• Silvia Federici
• Robert J. Sampson

The University at Buffalo is a multi-campus institution, with each campus focusing on research and development. Through its 13 schools and colleges, UB offers over 300 degree programs. On top of a high caliber of education, UB also offers affordable tuition rates.

UB’s north campus offers an affordable traditional PhD in Economics degree program, with a per credit hour cost of $471.00 . At a very low cost, students will have the opportunity to fully develop their skills in using quantitative methods and the three main branches of economics to enrich lives globally.

• Required Credits: 72
• Completion time: 4-8 years

What we love about the University at Buffalo

The vibrant campus life, which includes endless opportunities to network and have fun.

The University at Buffalo is great for students who:

Can complete coursework without individualized attention from advisors.

The University at Buffalo might not be the best fit for students who:

Prefer to learn in small class sizes.

American University

• #3 Best Private Colleges in DC 2024
• #4 Best Grad Schools in DC 2024
• #4 Best Colleges in DC 2024
• #9 Best Research Universities for Criminal Justice Degrees
• #23 Best Research Universities for Communications Degrees
• #24 Best Research Universities for Education Degrees
• #2 Top 10 Best Online Communications PhD Degree Programs (Doctorates)
• #3 Best Online Master's Programs in DC 2024
• #4 Best Online MBA Programs in DC
• #12 Best Online MBA Degree Programs for 2024 with No GMAT Required
• #15 Top 20 Best Online MBA Programs that Can Be Completed in One Year 2024
• #4 How to Earn Your Master's Degree Without Your Bachelor's Degree

American University’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Bruce Schneier
• Oliver North
• Stephen A. Kent
• Queen Rania of Jordan
• Corey Lewandowski
• Juan E. Méndez
• Robert Kagan
• Kathy Reichs
• James Alan Fox
• Clark Howard

American University is one of the top choices for international students due to its diversity and welcoming atmosphere. AU encourages its students to act toward their passions to become leaders in their fields.

AU offers a PhD in Economics with affordable costs. This doctorate degree helps students develop proficiency in statistical techniques, practical field knowledge, and economic theory. Additionally, it helps students develop the necessary expertise to write dissertations that empirically address economic concerns.

• Required Credits: 45
• Completion time: 2.5

What we love about American University

The diversity and dedicated faculty.

American University is great for students who:

Are interested in politics and international relations.

American University might not be the best fit for students who:

Are not politically-inclined.

University of Minnesota

• #21 50 Best Graduate Schools Ranked for Prospective Students in 2024
• #1 Best Research Universities in Minnesota 2024
• #1 Most Affordable Colleges in Minnesota 2024
• #1 Best Colleges in Minnesota 2024
• #1 Best Grad Schools in Minnesota 2024
• #1 Best Public Colleges in Minnesota 2024
• #1 Best Online Master's Programs in Minnesota 2024
• #1 10 Best Online Master's of Music Education Degree Programs
• #1 Best Online MBA Programs in Minnesota
• #1 Best Online Colleges in Minnesota 2024
• #1 Top 20 Best Online MBA Programs that Can Be Completed in One Year 2024
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's of Cybersecurity Degree Programs in Minnesota
• #3 Top 50 Best No GRE Online PhD Degree Programs (Doctorates)
• #4 Top 10 Best Online Counseling PhD Degree Programs (Doctorates)
• #4 Most Affordable Online Computer Science PhDs (Doctorates) 2024
• #5 Top 8 Best Online Public Health PhD Degree Programs (Doctorates)
• #11 Best Online Bachelor's in Construction Management Degree Programs
• #7 Top 20 Best Business Schools for MBAs Ranked for Students
• #14 The Best Traditional MBA Programs Ranked for Students in 2024

Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of Minnesota

University of Minnesota’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Arthur Compton
• Deke Slayton
• Ernest Lawrence
• Norman Borlaug
• Thomas Friedman
• Melvin Calvin
• John L. Holland
• Christiaan Barnard
• Edward B. Lewis
• Roy Wilkins
• Alexander Wendt
• Lars Peter Hansen

The Twin Cities campus is UM’s flagship and the only land-grant institution in the state. UM is also one of the country’s most esteemed public research universities. 

UM’s PhD in Economics is an affordable doctoral program that costs in-state and out-of-state per credit hour costs of $1,539.00 and $2,381.50. While these costs may seem pricey upfront, all doctoral students will be entitled to stipends. Students will write a thesis that adds significantly to the field of economic literature.

• Required Credits: 66
• Completion time: 45 months

What we love about the University of Minnesota

The ground-breaking and life-altering inventions, including the “black box” flight recorder, the first successful open-heart surgery, GORE-TEX®, and the cardiac pacemaker.

The University of Minnesota is great for students who:

Are used to living in huge cities and thrive in a sizable student population.

The University of Minnesota might not be the best fit for students who:

Are easily intimidated.

University of Iowa

• #1 Best Public Colleges in Iowa 2024
• #1 Most Affordable Colleges in Iowa 2024
• #1 Best Research Universities in Iowa 2024
• #1 Best Colleges in Iowa 2024
• #1 Best Online Bachelor’s of Communications Degree Programs for 2025
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's in Social Work Degree Programs Ranked for 2025
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's in Sports Management Degree Programs for 2025
• #1 Best Online MBA Programs in Iowa
• #1 Best Online Colleges in Iowa 2024
• #2 The Best Online Colleges Ranked for Students in 2024
• #2 Best Online Bachelor’s in Liberal Arts and Humanities Degree Programs for 2025
• #4 Fastest Online Bachelor's Degrees Ranked for 2025
• #5 Top 20 Best Online MBA Programs that Can Be Completed in One Year 2024
• #5 Top 5 Best Online English PhD Degree Programs (Doctorates)
• #10 Most Affordable Online Sociology Doctorate Programs (PhDs)
• #11 Top 50 Best No GRE Online PhD Degree Programs (Doctorates)
• #4 Best Online PhD of Nursing (DNP) Degree Programs Ranked for 2024
• #8 Most Affordable Master's in Counseling Degree Programs Ranked for 2024

Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of Iowa

University of Iowa’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Albert Bandura
• Tennessee Williams
• Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
• Oswald Veblen
• Jayaprakash Narayan
• Leon Festinger
• Henry Jenkins
• Everett Rogers
• Julian Rotter
• John Robert Anderson
• Wallace Stegner

The University of Iowa is a major research institution with 11 colleges. UI is the country’s most cutting-edge and comprehensive university-owned teaching hospital and created the world’s most technologically sophisticated driving simulator.

UI’s PhD in Economics has in-state and out-of-state base tuition and fees of $12,013 and $31,511. Students interested in this degree program should note that this is one of the most selective doctorates. This program places a strong emphasis on high-quality training.

• Completion time: 5-6 years

What we love about the University of Iowa

The inclusivity. It was the first public university to enroll students of all races and to admit women and men on an equal basis.

The University of Iowa is best for students who:

Want to study in a large campus and live in a small town.

The University of Iowa might not be the best fit for students who:

Are very conservative and close-minded.

University of Oregon

• #1 Most Affordable Colleges in Oregon 2024
• #2 The Most Influential Universities and Colleges Ranked by State 2024
• #1 Best Online Master's Programs in Oregon 2024

Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of Oregon

University of Oregon’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Douglas Hofstadter
• Douglas Engelbart
• David Ray Griffin
• John Markoff
• Walter Houser Brattain
• Randy Shilts
• Lee Bollinger
• John Alan Robinson
• Daniel Levitin

The University of Oregon is a leader in innovation and change and has always kept an eye on the future. UO is one of the very few research universities in the country that is a member of the Association of American Universities.

UO’s PhD in Economics has a per credit hour cost of $582. The program maintains a low student-to-faculty ratio designed to foster the development of excellent research and teaching skills. Students study several economic doctoral fields, including but not limited to Industrial Organization, Economic Growth and Development, Labor Economics, and Public Economics.

• Required Credits: 81
• Completion time: 5-7 years

What we love about the University of Oregon

The small and intimate class sizes with dedicated faculty.

The University of Oregon is great for students who:

Are devoted to their studies, highly open-minded, and driven to succeed.

The University of Oregon might not be the best fit for students who:

Are used to city life.

University of Cincinnati

• #3 Best Research Universities in Ohio 2024
• #3 Best Colleges in Ohio 2024
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's of Game Design Degree Programs for 2025
• #1 Best Online Associate Degrees in Ohio 2025
• #1 Best Online Bachelor’s of Counseling Degree Programs for 2025
• #1 Best Online Associate in Accounting
• #1 Best Online Associate in Early Childhood Education
• #1 Best Online Associate in Marketing
• #1 Best Online Associate in Information Technology
• #1 Best Online Colleges in Ohio 2024
• #1 Best Online Associate in Health Information Technology & Informatics
• #1 Best Online Master’s in Information Technology
• #1 Best Online Associate in Paralegal Studies
• #1 Best Online Associate in Finance
• #1 Best Online Associate in Business Management
• #1 Best Online Bachelor's in Public Health Degree Programs for Students
• #1 Best Online Associate in Business Administration
• #2 Best Online Bachelor's in Social Work Degree Programs Ranked for 2025
• #2 Best Online MBA Programs in Ohio
• #2 Best Online Master's in Behavior Analysis Degree Programs
• #2 Best Online Master's Programs in Ohio 2024
• #2 Best Online Bachelor's in Law and Legal Studies Degree Programs for 2025
• #2 Best Online Master's in Nursing MSN
• #2 Fastest Accelerated Online Doctorate of Nursing Programs (PhDs)
• #2 Best Online Master's in Sports Management
• #3 Best Online Bachelor’s of Health Science Degree Programs Ranked for 2025
• #3 Best Online Bachelor’s of Early Childhood Education Degree Programs for 2025
• #3 Best Online Master's in Marketing and Advertising
• #3 Fastest Accelerated Online Master's of Information Technology
• #3 Best Online Bachelor's in Criminal Justice
• #3 Best Online MBA in Marketing Degree Programs Ranked for Students in 2024
• #3 Best RN to BSN Online
• #4 Best Online Master's in Criminal Justice
• #4 Best Online Master’s in Finance
• #5 Best Online Master’s in Health Informatics 2025
• #5 Best Online Bachelor’s of Communications Degree Programs for 2025
• #5 20 Best Online Master's of Speech Pathology Degree Programs
• #5 Best Online Master's in Special Education
• #5 Best Online Master’s in Engineering
• #8 The Best Online MBA Degree Programs in 2024 Ranked for Students
• #8 Best Online Degrees for a Career in Teaching Ranked 2024
• #8 The Best Online Colleges Ranked for Students in 2024
• #10 Fastest Online Associate Degrees Ranked for 2024
• #12 Top 20 Best Online MBA Programs that Can Be Completed in One Year 2024
• #19 Best Online Master's in Management
• #2 Top 20 Fastest Accelerated Online Bachelor's in Counseling
• #6 Fastest Accelerated Online Master's of Nursing Degree Programs 2024

Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of Cincinnati

University of Cincinnati’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Thomas Szasz
• Michael Graves
• Paul Tibbets
• Salmon P. Chase
• David E. Nichols
• George Clooney
• Oscar Robertson
• George L. Engel

The University of Cincinnati is an award-winning and dynamic campus offering comprehensive and cutting-edge education. UC has hundreds of academic programs, many of which are nationally ranked and provide possibilities for practical learning.

UC’s PhD in Economics has a per credit hour cost of $746. The best thing about this program is that it requires students to work as part-time research assistants during their first two years of study. Additionally, this PhD expects students to do their own research early on in the program.

• Required Credits: 40

What we love about the University of Cincinnati

The reputation of being the #1 university for co-ops.

The University of Cincinnati is great for students who:

Are willing to take risks and devote their time to studying.

The University of Cincinnati might not be the best fit for students who:

Don’t like living in a big city,

University of South Florida

• #4 Best Public Colleges in Florida 2024
• #5 Best Grad Schools in Florida 2024
• #5 Best Research Universities in Florida 2024
• #1 Most Affordable Online Master's of Music Education Programs
• #1 Fastest Accelerated Online Master's of Cybersecurity
• #4 Top 20 Most Affordable Online Business Administration Doctorates
• #4 Fastest Accelerated Online Public Health Doctorates (PhDs)
• #5 15 Most Affordable Online Public Health Doctorates (PhDs)
• #6 10 Best Online Master's of Music Education Degree Programs
• #6 Fastest Accelerated Online Master's of Information Technology
• #7 20 Fastest Accelerated Online English Doctorates (PhDs) 2024
• #8 Most Affordable Online Master's of Speech Pathology Programs
• #8 20 Best Online Master's of Speech Pathology Degree Programs
• #8 Top 8 Best Online Public Health PhD Degree Programs (Doctorates)
• #13 Most Affordable Online Applied Behavioral Analysis PhD Programs

Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of South Florida

University of South Florida’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Joe Barresi
• Shlomo Sawilowsky
• Tony La Russa
• Saraju Mohanty
• Joanna Fowler
• J. Budziszewski
• Eric M. Bost
• Susan Cutter
• David A. Wolfe
• Randy Borum

The University of South Florida is a preeminent research university committed to helping students succeed academically, personally, and professionally. USF is a top producer for Fulbright Scholars and a top patent producer.

USF offers an affordable traditional PhD in Economics , which only costs $467.34 in-state and $913.08 out-of-state per credit hour . This PhD program is best for students who want to gain focus on practical fields of microeconomics. Students must complete required field and classroom coursework and electives to graduate.

What we love about the University of South Florida

The unlimited chances for students to work, considerable financial aid, and the lowest tuition costs.

The University of South Florida is great for students who:

Thrive in diversity and are very driven.

The University of South Florida might not be the best fit for students who:

Are highly conservative and haven’t been exposed to a diverse environment in terms of culture and religion.

University of New Hampshire

• #2 Best Research Universities in New Hampshire 2024
• #1 Best Online MBA Programs in New Hampshire
• #2 Best Online Master's Programs in New Hampshire 2025
• #4 Best Accredited Online Juris Doctorate (JD) Law Programs
• #4 Fastest Accelerated Online Doctorate of Nursing Programs (PhDs)

Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of New Hampshire

University of New Hampshire’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• Ronald Noble
• Jason Brennan
• Loren Coleman
• Jeffrey Snover
• Laurel Thatcher Ulrich
• James J. Martin
• Carlton Fisk
• Nathan Brody

The University of New Hampshire is one of the top public colleges in the country that currently concentrates on research. As a premier public research institution in the state, UNH provides students with award-winning instructors and state-of-the-art facilities.

UNH’s PhD in Economics has in-state and out-of-state per credit hour fees of $785.00 and $1,370.00. Students focus on exploring detailed models and in-depth analyses of businesses and governments. Graduates are grounded in economic theories and models and will have the necessary research abilities and skills to teach in postsecondary institutions.

• Completion time: 5-4 years

What we love about the University of New Hampshire

The safe and empowering campus.

The University of New Hampshire is great for students who:

Are yet to find their purpose in life, thanks to the school’s vast options for majors.

The University of New Hampshire might not be the best fit for students who:

Prefer small classes and are unprepared for academic competition.

University of Wyoming

• #1 Best Online Colleges in Wyoming 2024
• #1 Best Online MBA Programs in Wyoming
• #4 Best Online MBA Programs in Montana
• #13 Top 20 Most Affordable Online Doctorate of Education (PhDs)
• #17 The Most Affordable Traditional MBA Degree Programs for 2024

Career Outlook for Economics degree at University of Wyoming

University of Wyoming’s faculty and alumni have been influential in:

• W. Edwards Deming
• John A. List
• Gerry Spence
• Clive Spash
• Vincent Ostrom
• James E. McDonald
• Marlan Scully
• Matthew Shepard
• John Paul Scott
• M. Margaret McKeown

The University of Wyoming offers over 80 undergraduate and 90 graduate programs through seven colleges. UW also has one of the longest research histories, focusing on energy and land management.

UW’s PhD in Economics is among the country’s cheapest doctorate programs. Students are expected to enroll in 9 credits per semester , which is $3,591 for in-state students and $9,162 for out-of-state students. But because this is a fully funded doctorate, doctoral students pay less. Students decide which area of interest they’ll perform their original research.

• Required Credits: 42

What we love about the University of Wyoming

The supporting community.

The University of Wyoming is great for students who:

Want a strong background in agriculture and engineering.

The University of Wyoming might not be the best fit for students who:

Prefer a big campus community and want a more active social and Greek life.

Career Outlook for Students with Economics Degree

Degree level: doctorate.

• Location: The U.S. (Private Schools)
• Avg. Cost of Degree*: $14,669
• Avg. Expenses*: $18,512
• Avg. Starting Salary*: $79,162
• Avg. Cost Recoup Time**: 5 years
• Job Growth: 2.32%
• Number of Jobs: 2,376,200
• * denotes ‘annually’
• ** denotes ‘at 15% of annual salary’

Career Salaries

Average Career Salaries

Promising Job Markets

Top Industries

• Youth Program
• Wharton Online

Applied Economics

Wharton’s highly selective phd program in applied economics offers students many resources not available at other institutions, such as 1:1 faculty to student ratio, five years of funding, and minimal teaching requirements..

Combining the faculties of the departments of Real Estate and Business Economics & Public Policy, Wharton’s Applied Economics program leverages the breadth and depth of its faculty to prepare students for careers doing frontier theoretical and empirical research. Students can focus on a variety of research areas, including Behavioral Economics, Development and International Economics, Energy and Environmental Economics, Health Economics, Industrial Organization and Regulation, Labor Economics, Law and Economics, Market Design, Public Economics, Risk and Insurance, Urban Economics and Real Estate. You can find the list of Applied Economics Faculty here.  Students may also develop an inter-disciplinary focus by taking courses and working with faculty in some of the other departments at Wharton such as Finance, Health Care Management, Management, and Marketing.

For more information on courses, please visit the University Graduate Catalog .

Sample Schedule

The course of study for the Ph.D. in Applied Economics requires the completion of 15 graduate course units. The common core consists of 3 theory courses and 3 statistics/econometrics courses. Students are also expected to master two field areas by passing two courses in each (total of 4 courses units). The remaining course units necessary to achieve 15 are split between the mandatory graduate student research seminars and other electives.

ADMISSIONS AND FINANCIAL AID

Students will apply for admission to the Wharton Program in Applied Economics, and may, if they wish, indicate a preferred field of study in their application. All else equal, the admissions committee may consider field choice in determining admission. Fellowship support will be in accordance with usual Wharton and University guidelines.

CORE REQUIREMENTS

Students will be required to master core materials in economic theory covering the topics of household decision-making, production theory, theory of markets and market failure, game theory, decision-making under uncertainty, and resource allocation in dynamic economies. The following courses will satisfy the three-course economic theory requirement:

Microeconomic Theory I: ECON 7010 Microeconomic Theory II: ECON 7110 Macroeconomic Theory: ECON 7200 or 7210 or FNCE 9240

Students will be required to master core materials in applied econometrics covering the topics of statistical inference, linear regression analysis, panel regression analysis, and estimation of models using discrete dependent variables. The following courses will satisfy the three-course econometric/statistics requirement:

Econometrics: ECON 7300, FNCE 9260, ECON 8310 or ECON 7310, BEPP 9110 and BEPP 9310

FIELD REQUIREMENTS

In addition to the core theory and econometrics materials, students will be required to master two applied fields by passing two courses in each field. Students will be free to offer their own field as a substitute with approval of the graduate group chair and (when relevant) an appropriate advisor from another Wharton graduate group.

• Development Economics BEPP 9410: Development Economics • Industrial Economics and Business Regulation: BEPP 9870: Industrial Organization and Competition Policy HCMG 9020: Special Topics of Health Services Research: Industrial Organization of Health Care ECON 8450: Empirical Methods in Industrial Organization • Market Design BEPP 9710: Market Design • Public Economics and Political Economy: BEPP 9330: Public Economics: Social Insurance & Government Expenditures HCMG 9030: Public Policy ECON 8410: Public Economics I ECON 8411: Public Economics II • Urban Economics and Real Estate: REAL 9450: Urban and Real Estate Economics REAL 9460: Advanced Topics in Urban Economics REAL 9470: Advanced Real Estate and Urban Economics • Behavioral Economics: BEPP 9040: Experimental Economics: Methods and Applications OIDD 9000: Foundation of Decision Processes OIDD 9040: Experimental Economics

In addition, all students must take elective courses to achieve the necessary 15 Course Credits to be eligible for Dissertation Status.

During the second and third year of the program students will be required to attend and actively participate in the graduate student research seminar. Students will also be responsible for presenting a paper of original research to the seminar before entering dissertation status. All students will also be required to attend the faculty Applied Economics Workshop during the 2nd and 3rd years.

BEPP 9000: Research Seminar BEPP 9620: Applied Economics Seminar

QUALIFYING EXAM

At the end of first year (usually in last week of May or first week of June), students are expected to take and pass the qualifying exam for Microeconomic Theory and the qualifying exam for Econometrics. These exams are written and graded by the Wharton Applied Economics PhD Committee. If a student fails in one qualifying exam, another opportunity to take that exam will be given at the end of the second year.

Students can also request a waiver for one or both exams if they perform well in the courses associated with each exam. A satisfactory performance for Microeconomic Theory, for example, corresponds to having at least a B- or better in each micro course, and an average of B or better.

FACULTY ADVISORS

Students are required to select or are assigned two faculty advisors in the beginning of the second year in the program. Because the student will not have had all of the major field courses at that time, it is possible that a student will later decide to change advisors; such an eventuality will be considered a normal outcome. In addition, since students will not have had all of the major field course work by June of their first year, they should “read ahead” in their chosen fields to begin identifying a research topic for the Second Year Paper. Students are expected to initiate meetings with faculty members to discuss possible research topics, and these meetings should begin as early as possible after the student enters the program and are part of the process of getting to know the faculty and learning about the field.

CANDIDACY PAPER

The Program in Applied Economics provides students with several opportunities to conduct research. All students are required to write a candidacy paper in their second year to be submitted in the summer of the second year in the program. This paper should demonstrate the student’s ability to conduct PhD quality research. This is often used as the Master’s Thesis submission- and, as the title implies, it is one of the requirements for admission to Doctoral candidacy.

The deadline for submission of the Candidacy Paper is strictly enforced, and failure to complete and submit the paper by the deadline (July 15 of the end of the student’s second year in the program) is grounds for dismissal from the program. The paper must be submitted to the faculty members who are the student’s principal advisors for the project, as well as to the Doctoral Coordinator. A copy of the candidacy paper, together with letters from two faculty members noting approval of it, must be in each student’s file in the Program office prior to the start of the student’s fifth term (typically the start of the third year). Failure to fulfill this requirement may result in the student being dropped from the program.

The main objective of the candidacy paper is to demonstrate the student’s ability to do original research. Often the Candidacy Paper is submitted for publication, and it can also serve as the foundation for PhD research, possibly as a dissertation essay. The Candidacy Paper must be solely authored by the student, not co-authored with the faculty advisor.

Milestones on the road to the candidacy paper are as follows:

September of 2nd year in the program Fall semester, 2nd year Spring semester, 2nd year Faculty advisors selected Candidacy Paper proposal Work on Candidacy paper Submit final version of Candidacy Paper

ADMISSION TO CANDIDACY Before admission to candidacy, the student is required to:

• Complete all required coursework, including all core courses, with at least a B + or better in each course and with an average GPA of B+ or better. (For some courses, a passing grade on a qualifying exam can substitute for a grade below B.)
• Pass both qualifying exams or request exam waivers.
• Submit a satisfactory candidacy paper

THE PHD DISSERTATION The best ways to find a dissertation topic is to talk to the program faculty and read the literature. Discussions with faculty can range from “cold calls,” where the student asks the faculty member for topic suggestions, to more proactive visits where the student discusses potential topic ideas that have come up in course work or research seminars. Students should also take a close look at recent dissertations written by students in their major field as well as dissertations written by students from other Wharton departments.

There are two primary models for the organization of dissertations. The “single study” traditional dissertation, and the essay approach. In the latter approach, two or three essays are generally found acceptable by the student’s dissertation committee, depending on length and quality. Dissertation essays are more prevalent for a number of reasons, including most importantly, (a) the Candidacy Paper may be permitted to constitute a substantial part of one essay, (b) an essay can be used as an interview paper (see discussion below), and (c) if properly structured, an essay can often be converted into a paper to be submitted to a journal. Whether two or three essays are appropriate depends on the length and complexity of the research undertaken and is determined by the student’s dissertation committee.

Dissertation essays may be co-authored, although the extent to which this is appropriate will depend on each student’s topic, doctoral committee, and faculty advisor. A circumstance where a co -authored essay might be appropriate could arise from a joint research project with a faculty member. However, the student’s dissertation must include at least one essay that is solely authored by the student. The dissertation process must begin with the selection of a principal advisor or co-advisors. Each student is responsible for this selection, and then the student works with the advisor(s) to select the dissertation topic and begin exploratory research. The student and advisor then work together to select committee members. Committee members can be approached to join the committee by either the student or the principal advisor(s). The student should work with the advisor(s) to arrange a mutually agreeable procedure. The student should review the Wharton Doctoral Programs Policies and Procedures, to be sure that the committee structure satisfies the overall requirements of the Wharton Doctoral Program.

Important: the PhD Dissertation proposal must be defended before the end of the fourth year in the program. Failure to defend can result in dismissal from the program.

GOING ON THE JOB MARKET The ultimate objective of the Wharton Doctoral Program is to prepare our students for a teaching and research career, ideally at a college or university. Because the placement process for academic jobs is lengthy, students should become familiar with it well in advance of the “job market year.” The program provides full support for students going on the job market, and a series of meetings and timelines are provided to the students during the fourth and fifth years in the program.

PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION The program will be administered by the graduate group in Applied Economics. Primary appointments in the Departments of Business Economics and Public Policy and Real Estate will be automatic members of the graduate group and comprise the initial membership of the graduate group. The graduate group can extend membership to other Wharton and University faculty as they consider appropriate. The graduate group will decide on its preferred administrative structure. Currently, the chairs of the departments of Real Estate and Business Economics and Public Policy are responsible for jointly appointing a PhD Coordinator that will serve a two-year term, with the option to renew it for another two years. The PhD Coordinator is also the representative for the group to the Doctoral Executive Committee.

STUDENT INVOLVEMENT Students are expected to spend full-time on their coursework and research during the first two years of the program. In subsequent years, students are expected to work with faculty, preferably as research assistants or co-authors, thereby gaining the experience required to be successful researchers. Students are also required to TA a core course (any alternatives will need to be approved by the PhD Coordinator) each in their 3rd year and 4th year of the program as a funding requirement. Other activities that further the student’s research careers are encouraged, subject to the approval of the doctoral coordinator (this includes teaching assistant positions). Failure to communicate with the doctoral coordinator about a research assistant or teaching job may result in cancellation of your scholarship.

Get the Details.

Visit the Applied Economics site for details on program requirements and courses. Read faculty and student research and bios to see what you can do with an Applied Economics PhD.

Purdue’s Daniels School offers a PhD in Economics which develops core competencies in microeconomics, macroeconomics and econometrics, while allowing students to choose specialized study in a variety of different fields. The Economics PhD is well-suited for those interested in rigorous application of mathematical tools to better understand decisions made by individuals and firms, and to evaluate economic policies.

By collaborating with renowned faculty in the areas of econometrics, experimental and behavioral economics, industrial organization, international trade, labor economics, macroeconomics, and public economics, our doctoral students go on to conduct frontier research at leading universities, shape public policy and influence business strategy.

Grounded in a strong methodological and quantitative orientation, our PhD program broadens students’ understanding of economic issues, provides an opportunity for individualized research and specialization, and sharpens critical thinking skills.

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Want to Learn More? 

If you would like to receive more information about doctoral study in Economics, please contact us and an Admissions Specialist will be in touch to connect you with a department representative!

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Economic Analysis & Policy

Our doctoral program in the field of economic analysis and policy prepares students for research careers in economics. The program offers rigorous training and has several distinct advantages:

Low Student-to-Faculty Ratio

First, enrollment in the program is small. This encourages close faculty-student contact and allows students to become involved in research very early. Students work first as assistants on faculty research projects and, as their interests and skills develop, on their own research. Students often begin their publishing careers before completing their degrees.

Flexible and Innovative Program

Second, the program is flexible and innovative; students can draw on both the school’s and the university’s distinguished faculty. In addition to the faculty in the economics group at Stanford GSB and in the university’s economics department, students have access to faculty in political and behavioral sciences; accounting and finance; mathematics, statistics, and computer science; and many other disciplines.

A Top-Ranked School

Third, the program is part of a top-ranked professional school. This setting allows students to gain a deeper understanding of the actual processes of business decision-making and public policy formulation.

Preparation and Qualifications

Students who enroll in this program have a substantial background in economics and mathematics. They are expected to have, minimally, mathematical skills at the level of one year of advanced calculus and one course each in linear algebra, analysis, probability, optimization, and statistics.

The faculty selects students based on predicted performance in the program. Evidence of substantial background or ability in the use of mathematical reasoning and statistical methods is important. Most successful applicants had quantitative undergraduate majors in economics, mathematics, or related sciences.

In addition to evidence of ability and letters of recommendation, the faculty considers carefully the applicant’s statement of purpose for pursuing the PhD degree. The successful applicant usually has clearly defined career goals that are compatible with those of the program.

Acceptance into the program is extremely competitive. Admitted applicants compare very favorably with students enrolled in the top economics departments of major universities.

Economic Analysis & Policy Faculty

Mohammad akbarpour, claudia allende santa cruz, susan athey, lanier benkard, jeremy i. bulow, modibo khane camara, sebastian di tella, rebecca diamond, yossi feinberg, guido w. imbens, charles i. jones, jonathan levin, michael ostrovsky, garth saloner, yuliy sannikov, kathryn shaw, andrzej skrzypacz, paulo somaini, takuo sugaya, juan carlos suárez serrato, christopher tonetti, shoshana vasserman, ali yurukoglu, weijie zhong, emeriti faculty, alain c. enthoven, robert j. flanagan, david m. kreps, peter c. reiss, john roberts, a. michael spence, robert wilson, recent publications in economic analysis & policy, a kinky consistency: experimental evidence of behavior under linear and non-linear budget sets, policy learning with adaptively collected data, trading stocks builds financial confidence and compresses the gender gap, recent insights by stanford business, a “grumpy economist” weighs in on inflation’s causes — and its cures, if/then: why research matters, at what point do we decide ai’s risks outweigh its promise, placement director.

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Graduate Program

Ph.d. in economics.

The Ph.D. program at Berkeley is designed for students interested in pursuing advanced study and conducting original research in Economics. The Ph.D. degree is awarded in recognition of the recipient's qualifications as a general economist and of the ability to make scholarly contributions in fields of specialization. Additionally, the Economics Ph.D. program is residential, there is no remote enrollment option. 

In advancing to the Ph.D. degree, students pass through two major stages:

• Preparation for candidacy typically takes two to three years. During the first two semesters, students take courses to achieve competence in econometric methods, methods of economic history and fundamentals of microeconomic and macroeconomic theory. During the next two years, students prepare for examination in two fields of specialization of their choosing, prepare a dissertation prospectus, and take an oral examination. When these steps are completed, students are advanced to candidacy.
• Completion of a dissertation after advancing to candidacy typically takes one to two years. The dissertation must be based on original research and represent a significant contribution to the body of Economic knowledge.

The entire process takes approximately five to six years, although some students are able to complete the program in less time. Below is an overview of the program requirements by year and other pertinent information.

Program Requirements

• Years 4 to 6
• Program Rules
• Frequently Used Forms
• Financial Support

• Utility Menu

44d3fa3df9f06a3117ed3d2ad6c71ecc

• Administration
• PhD Program

The Ph.D. Program in the Department of Economics at Harvard is addressed to students of high promise who wish to prepare themselves in teaching and research in academia or for responsible positions in government, research organizations, or business enterprises. Students are expected to devote themselves full-time to their programs of study.

The program prepares students for productive and stimulating careers as economists. Courses and seminars offered by the department foster an intellectually active and stimulating environment. Each week, the department sponsors more than 15 different seminars on such topics as environmental economics, economic growth and development, monetary and fiscal policy, international economics, industrial organization, law and economics, behavioral economics, labor economics, and economic history. Top scholars from both domestic and international communities are often invited speakers at the seminars.  The Harvard community outside of the department functions as a strong and diverse resource. Students in the department are free to pursue research interests with scholars throughout the University. Faculty of the Harvard Law School, Kennedy School of Government, and Harvard Business School, for example, are available to students for consultation, instruction, and research guidance. As a member of the Harvard community, students in the department can register for courses in the various schools and have access to the enormous library resources available through the University. There are over 90 separate library units at Harvard, with the total collections of books and pamphlets numbering over 13 million.  Both the department and the wider University draw some of the brightest students from around the world, which makes for a student body that is culturally diverse and likely unequaled in the range of intellectual interests of its members. These factors combine to add an important dimension to the educational process. Students are able to learn from one another, collaborate on research projects and publications, and form bonds that are not broken by distance once the degree is completed and professional responsibilities lead them in different directions.

• Program Requirements
• Job Placement
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Doctoral Program

The Ph.D. program is a full time program leading to a Doctoral Degree in Economics.  Students specialize in various fields within Economics by enrolling in field courses and attending field specific lunches and seminars.  Students gain economic breadth by taking additional distribution courses outside of their selected fields of interest.

General requirements

Students  are required to complete 1 quarter of teaching experience. Teaching experience includes teaching assistantships within the Economics department or another department .

University's residency requirement

135 units of full-tuition residency are required for PhD students. After that, a student should have completed all course work and must request Terminal Graduate Registration (TGR) status.

Department degree requirements and student checklist

1. core course requirement.

Required: Core Microeconomics (202-203-204) Core Macroeconomics (210-211-212) Econometrics (270-271-272).  The Business School graduate microeconomics class series may be substituted for the Econ Micro Core.  Students wishing to waive out of any of the first year core, based on previous coverage of at least 90% of the material,  must submit a waiver request to the DGS at least two weeks prior to the start of the quarter.  A separate waiver request must be submitted for each course you are requesting to waive.  The waiver request must include a transcript and a syllabus from the prior course(s) taken.  

2.  Field Requirements

Required:  Two of the Following Fields Chosen as Major Fields (click on link for specific field requirements).  Field sequences must be passed with an overall grade average of B or better.  Individual courses require a letter grade of B- or better to pass unless otherwise noted.

Research fields and field requirements :

• Behavioral & Experimental
• Development Economics
• Econometric Methods with Causal Inference
• Econometrics
• Economic History
• Environmental, Resource and Energy Economics
• Industrial Organization
• International Trade & Finance
• Labor Economics
• Market Design
• Microeconomic Theory
• Macroeconomics
• Political Economy
• Public Economics

3.  Distribution

Required:  Four other graduate-level courses must be completed. One of these must be from the area of economic history (unless that field has already been selected above). These courses must be distributed in such a way that at least two fields not selected above are represented.  Distribution courses must be passed with a grade of B or better.

4.  Field Seminars/Workshops

Required:  Three quarters of two different field seminars or six quarters of the same field seminar from the list below.   

• Best Online Doctoral Programs

Best Online Doctoral Programs Of 2024

Updated: Apr 23, 2024, 1:42pm

The best online doctoral programs offer flexibility and convenience that can make it easier for you to pursue an advanced degree, often while working full time.

Earning a doctorate can help you advance to the highest roles in your field and increase your salary potential. It’s also a chance for you to gain an advanced understanding of impactful issues and develop the skills to generate new ideas, solve problems and create meaningful change.

Below, learn about the best online doctoral programs in a variety of fields, including social work, psychology, education and nursing.

Why You Can Trust Forbes Advisor Education

Forbes Advisor’s education editors are committed to producing unbiased rankings and informative articles covering online colleges, tech bootcamps and career paths. Our ranking methodologies use data from the National Center for Education Statistics , education providers, and reputable educational and professional organizations. An advisory board of educators and other subject matter experts reviews and verifies our content to bring you trustworthy, up-to-date information. Advertisers do not influence our rankings or editorial content.

• Over 3,868 accredited, nonprofit colleges and universities analyzed nationwide
• 52 reputable tech bootcamp providers evaluated for our rankings
• All content is fact-checked and updated on an annual basis
• Rankings undergo five rounds of fact-checking
• Only 7.12% of all colleges, universities and bootcamp providers we consider are awarded

Our Methodology

We ranked accredited, nonprofit colleges offering online doctoral degree programs in the U.S. using metrics in the categories of student experience, credibility, student outcomes and affordability. We pulled data for these categories from reliable resources such as the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ; private, third-party data sources; and individual school and program websites.

We scored schools based on the following data points:

Student Experience:

• Student-to-faculty ratio
• Socioeconomic diversity
• Availability of online coursework
• Total number of graduate assistants
• Portion of graduate students enrolled in at least some distance education

Credibility:

• Fully accredited
• Programmatic accreditation status
• Nonprofit status

Student Outcomes:

• Overall graduation rate
• Median earnings 10 years after graduation

Affordability:

• In-state graduate student tuition and fees
• Alternative tuition plans offered
• Median federal student loan debt
• Student loan default rate

We chose the best schools to display in 10 categories of doctoral degrees.

Find our full list of methodologies here .

• Best Online Colleges With A 100% Acceptance Rate
• Best HBCUs With Online Degrees
• Best Online Colleges
• Best Online Master's Programs
• What Are The Best Online Public Universities

Best Online Doctoral Program Options

Should you enroll in an online ph.d. program or doctorate, accreditation for online doctoral degrees, how to find the right online doctorate for you, frequently asked questions (faqs) about online ph.d. programs and doctorates.

• Best online Psy.D.: Rivier University
• Best online Doctor of Nursing Practice: University of Central Florida
• Best online Doctor of Business Administration: Walsh College
• Best online doctorate in physical therapy: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
• Best online doctorate in education: Johns Hopkins University
• Best online Ph.D. in organizational leadership: Indiana Wesleyan University
• Best online Ph.D. in counseling: Concordia University-Irvine
• Best online Doctor of Social Work: University of Southern California
• Best online Ph.D. in public administration: West Chester University of Pennsylvania
• Best online doctorate in educational leadership: Fairfield University

Best Online Psy.D.

Rivier university.

Program Tuition Rate

$1,275/credit

Percentage of Grad Students Enrolled in Distance Education

Overall Graduation Rate

Located in Nashua, New Hampshire, Rivier University offers a hybrid Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) with a limited number of online classes. The American Psychology Association-accredited program focuses on school psychology and counseling and prepares you to work as a psychologist in various environments. You’ll learn clinical diagnosis, assessment, prevention and intervention skills.

Students must attend full time and can work no more than 20 hours per week. It takes a minimum of five years to graduate.

• Our Flexibility Rating: Learn on a set schedule
• School Type: Private
• Application Fee: $100
• Degree Credit Requirements: 60-130 credits
• Program Enrollment Options: Full-time
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Fundamentals of research, group counseling
• Concentrations Available: N/A
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, includes a 2,000-hour internship and at least six practicum experiences

Best Doctor of Nursing Practice

University of central florida.

$372/credit (in-state)

At University of Central Florida (UCF), practicing nurses can earn a Doctor of Nursing Practice. The advanced track program is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education and prepares nurses for clinical leadership roles in the field.

Coursework explores clinical management, communication skills and epidemiology principles. You’ll develop research and practice skills, learn to improve healthcare systems, develop health policy and analyze data to improve individual and population health.

• Our Flexibility Rating: Learn around your 9-to-5
• School Type: Public
• Application Fee: $30
• Degree Credit Requirements: 42 credits
• Program Enrollment Options: Part-time, full-time
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Healthcare systems and policy, nursing environment management
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, includes clinical hours (but all coursework is available online)

Best Doctor of Business Administration

Walsh college.

$1,038/credit

You can earn an online Doctor of Business Administration from Walsh College in Troy, Michigan. The part-time, online program includes asynchronous coursework and real-time Zoom classes, as well as optional opportunities to interact on campus. You can develop advanced business knowledge and skills to become a business leader or consultant.

In addition to coursework, you must pass a preliminary exam and complete a 15-credit dissertation process. The program requires students to graduate within seven years.

• Application Fee: $50
• Degree Credit Requirements: 60 credits
• Program Enrollment Options: Part-time
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Foundations for business success, qualitative and exploratory research methods
• In-Person Requirements: No

Best Doctorate in Physical Therapy

Texas tech university health sciences center.

$265/credit (in-state)

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center designed its hybrid Doctor of Science in physical therapy to help practicing physical therapists advance their careers. The post-professional 36-credit program takes four to five years to complete part time.

The flexible format makes it possible for students to keep working while attending school. Learners attend weekend lectures and labs at the Lubbock, Texas, campus. During the week, they supplement their in-person instruction with online assignments.

• Application Fee: $75
• Degree Credit Requirements: 36 credits
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Medical screening for rehabilitation sciences, motor control in orthopedics
• Concentrations Available: Research track, teaching track
• In-Person Requirements: Yes

Best Online Doctorate in Education

Johns hopkins university.

$2,100/credit

Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland offers an online Ed.D. The part-time degree takes four years to complete and explores topics like the social determinants of education, entrepreneurship and technology.

You can customize the degree by choosing electives that align with your professional interests and by selecting one or more “areas of interest,” such as urban leadership or digital age learning and educational technology. Applicants need a master’s degree with at least 36 graduate credits to qualify for the program.

• Application Fee: $80
• Degree Credit Requirements: 54 credits
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Approaches to urban education, partnerships and community organizing
• Concentrations Available: Creativity, advanced learning, and twice exceptionality; digital age learning and educational technology; entrepreneurial leadership in education; mind, brain, and teaching; urban leadership

Best Online Ph.D. in Organizational Leadership

Indiana wesleyan university.

$890/credit

Located in Marion, Indiana Wesleyan University offers an online Ph.D. in organizational leadership that can prepare you to become an effective leader in as few as four years. The program focuses on inclusion, multiculturalism and international perspectives and develops research, presentation and executive skills.

You must attend an in-person residency during the July session, but the rest of the program takes place online and offers flexibility for working professionals. The school’s tuition guarantee locks in your tuition rate when you start the program.

• Application Fee: Free
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Advanced leadership theory, statistical research design
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, includes an in-person residency

Best Online Ph.D. in Counseling

Concordia university – irvine.

$795/credit

Concordia University – Irvine in Irvine, California, is a Christian institution that offers a “biblically informed” online Ph.D. in counselor education and supervision from its Townsend Institute. Designed for licensed mental health professionals, the degree develops advanced skills and prepares you for leadership roles in counseling, teaching and advocacy.

The accelerated program takes three to four years to complete. It requires two in-person residencies and a total of 700 hours of internship and practicum field experiences. In addition to coursework, you must complete a culminating 12-credit dissertation that includes original counseling research and a successful oral defense.

• Program Enrollment Options: Accelerated
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Advanced counseling and career theories, advanced multicultural issues in counselor education and supervision
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, requires two in-person residencies, a practicum and an internship

Best Online Doctor of Social Work

University of southern california.

$2,137/credit

University of Southern California ‘s online Doctor of Social Work from the Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work emphasizes the importance of scholarship and practice in the field. Created for experienced social work professionals, the program can help you become a leader working toward social change and innovation.

The program offers a seven-semester accelerated track and a standard nine-semester option. In a capstone experience, learners research and create a prototype that addresses a current problem in social work.

• Application Fee: $90
• Program Enrollment Options: Accelerated, full-time
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Leading public discourse, financial management for social change

Best Online Ph.D. in Public Administration

West chester university of pennsylvania.

$645/credit (in-state)

West Chester University of Pennsylvania ’s online Doctor of Public Administration can prepare you for high-level roles in public affairs and administration. The program is offered by the College of Business and Public Management, accredited by Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, and the Department of Public Policy and Administration, accredited by the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration.

The curriculum explores strategic management, policy advocacy and decision-making in the public sector. The dissertation allows you to complete an applied research project. You can take electives and choose a concentration from multiple departments, including psychology, graduate social work and criminal justice.

• Degree Credit Requirements: 45 credits
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Strategic public sector management and governance, research design for program and policy evaluation
• Concentrations Available: Options from multiple departments

Best Online Doctorate in Educational Leadership

Fairfield university.

$1,120/credit

At Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut, you can earn an online, low-residency Doctor of Education in educational leadership. The program offers two tracks: teacher leader for certified working educators or higher education administration for higher education professionals.

Students enroll in the cohort-style program in the fall and graduate in three years by taking six credits per semester. Learners can build community during two one-week summer residencies. Applicants need a master’s degree in a relevant field and a minimum 3.0 GPA.

• Our Flexibility Rating: Learn on your schedule
• Application Fee: $65
• Degree Credit Requirements: 57
• Example Major-Specific Courses: Action research for educational change, framing and critical analysis of problems of practice
• Concentrations Available: Teacher leader, higher education administration
• In-Person Requirements: Yes, requires two one-week residencies

An online Ph.D. program or doctorate can offer many compelling features for students, but it might not be the right choice for everyone. Consider the questions below when deciding whether to pursue your doctorate online or in person.

• What type of schedule do you need? Online programs typically offer more flexibility that appeals to students who work full time or have personal responsibilities to fit around their school schedule. Online degrees allow learners to pursue higher education without putting their career on hold. This is especially true for programs that offer asynchronous coursework that students complete on their own time.
• What learning style works best for you? Do you work well independently and with a lot of freedom? If so, an online doctorate might be a good fit for you. If you think you’d prefer the camaraderie of an in-person cohort graduate program and structured opportunities to interact with instructors, an on-campus or hybrid program might suit you better.
• How does the program format affect your budget? Online programs can help you save on tuition, housing and transportation costs. For example, many public schools allow you to pay the same tuition, regardless of where you live. However, you might miss funding opportunities typically reserved for on-campus students, such as graduate teaching assistantships, research assistantships and fellowships.

The U.S. Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) approve accrediting agencies that give schools institutional accreditation in the U.S.

Institutional accreditation means that a university has met minimum quality requirements related to its academics, financial management, faculty and staff, and student resources and services. To qualify for federal financial aid, you must attend an accredited college.

Programmatic accreditation is a separate process that gives special recognition to individual degrees, programs or departments within a university. Depending on your field, you might need a programmatically accredited degree to get a job or qualify for professional licenses or certifications.

You can search for a prospective school’s accreditation status on CHEA’s website .

Consider Your Future Goals

An online doctorate has the potential to help you achieve your career aspirations. However, not every program in your field will necessarily align with your goals. Before you choose an online doctorate program, think about your post-graduation plans.

For example, some online doctorate programs require professional experience through an internship or a practicum. This type of hands-on learning can help you develop your expertise and professional network. But these experiences usually take place in person and can be hard to fit into your schedule if you’re working full time.

You should also consider if you need a specific license or certification to get the job you want. If so, research the credential’s requirements to learn if your degree needs to meet certain criteria. For example, you may need to complete an accredited program or complete supervised clinical hours.

Understand Your Expenses and Financing Options

Tuition rates for online doctoral programs in our guide vary significantly, from $265 to $2,137 per credit. Most programs required 42 to 60 credits, with some exceptions. In total, the degrees ranked on our list cost between $9,540 and $113,400.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics , grad students at private, nonprofit schools paid an average tuition of $20,408 in 2022–23, while public school tuition cost $11,554 per year. Doctorate programs typically take at least three years to complete, putting total costs between $34,662 and $61,224.

Find funding for your online Ph.D. by filling out the FAFSA®, which can connect you with scholarships, grants and student loans. Many schools also provide funding to graduate students through scholarships, grants and fellowships.

Can you do a Ph.D. fully online?

Yes, many schools offer fully online Ph.D. programs. However, depending on the program and the field of study, you may need to complete on-campus residencies or field experiences like internships or practicums that take place in person.

What is the fastest Ph.D. to get online?

Program length for online Ph.D. programs varies depending on your field of study. You might be able to find some accelerated online Ph.D. programs that you can finish in less than two years. However, the best online doctoral programs on our list take at least three years to complete.

Are online doctoral degrees respected?

An online doctoral degree from an accredited university can provide the same rigorous education and training as a comparable on-campus program. If you’re concerned about whether or not your degree will be respected, consider doing some research about the way that your field or profession tends to view online doctoral degrees.

What is the best online school for a Ph.D.?

The best online school for a Ph.D. depends on your field of study, personal interests and career goals. Make sure that any prospective online school is institutionally accredited. Depending on the degree you want to pursue, it might also be important to find a program with separate programmatic accreditation.

Liz Simmons has been writing for various online publications about career development, higher education and college affordability for nearly a decade. Her articles demystify the college application process and help prospective students figure out how to choose a major or career path.

Ph.D. in Economics

The Ph.D. program in the Department of Economics at Columbia University trains students to do cutting edge research in economics.  Students in our program do research in all major areas of economics including microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, international economics, labor economics, public finance, industrial organization, development economics, and urban economics.  Our department provides strong training both in theoretical economics and in applied and empirical economics.  The Ph.D. program is primarily designed for students that are interested in pursuing a career in teaching and research within academia but is also useful for student interested in certain positions within governments, research organizations, or private businesses.

The first two years of our Ph.D. program is largely devoted to rigorous coursework. After the second year, however, students devote most of their time to their own research under the supervision of faculty advisors. Students in our program generally complete their Ph.D. in 5 or 6 years.

Admission to the Ph.D. program is highly selective.  We receive approximately 1,000 applications each year for an incoming class of roughly 25 students.  We place a high value on attracting the very best minds, and recruiting members of groups who will both enhance the diversity of research in the field and contribute to the diversity of the university’s academic and professional community.

The Ph.D. program has a long and illustrious history.  Alumni of the program include some of the most distinguished economists of the last century – including Nobel Prize winners Kenneth J. Arrow, Milton Friedman, Simon Smith Kuznets, and William S. Vickrey.

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1022 International Affairs Building (IAB)

Mail Code 3308

420 West 118th Street

New York, NY 10027

Economics, PhD

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Business, approved for STEM-OPT extension, government, investment, markets, money

Enjoy close contact with faculty and fellow classmates and many opportunities to actively participate in department activities and to discuss your ongoing research with visitors. Financial support for five years is offered through teaching and research assistantships, with stipends that are highly competitive.

The PhD program in economics provides rigorous training in microeconomic theory, macroeconomic theory, applied economics and econometrics. Additionally, students may select a primary area of specialization for study:

• applied microeconomics
• econometrics
• economic theory
• environmental and resource economics
• financial economics
• macroeconomics

This full-time doctoral program prepares students for teaching and research positions at four-year institutions of higher education and for research positions in public agencies or private business organizations.

The program is relatively small in size, with about 45 doctoral students in residence at any time. This low student-to-faculty ratio affords greater faculty attention and mentoring than larger programs. Students become valued members of the department, involved in teaching, research and seminar activities.

This program may be eligible for an Optional Practical Training extension for up to 24 months. This OPT work authorization period may help international students gain skills and experience in the U.S. Those interested in an OPT extension should review ASU degrees that qualify for the STEM-OPT extension at ASU's International Students and Scholars Center website.

The OPT extension only applies to students on an F-1 visa and does not apply to students completing a degree through ASU Online.

• College/school: W. P. Carey School of Business
• Location: Tempe
• STEM-OPT extension eligible: Yes

84 credit hours, a written comprehensive exam, an oral comprehensive exam, a prospectus and a dissertation

In addition to completing 60 credit hours beyond the bachelor's degree (30 credit hours beyond the master's degree) and 24 credit hours of research and dissertation, the doctoral student must accomplish five tasks:

• Meet the qualifying examination requirement.
• Present at least one area of emphasis.
• Pass the comprehensive examination (both written and oral components).
• Pass the dissertation proposal defense.
• Complete a dissertation with an oral defense.

Students should see the Department of Economics graduate student handbook for details concerning these tasks.

Applicants must fulfill the requirements of both the Graduate College and the W. P. Carey School of Business.

Applicants are eligible to apply to the program if they have earned a bachelor's or master's degree from a regionally accredited institution.

Applicants must have a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00 (scale is 4.00 = "A") in the last 60 hours of their first bachelor's degree program, or a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00 (scale is 4.00 = "A") in an applicable master's degree program.

All applicants must submit:

• graduate admission application and application fee
• official transcripts
• three letters of recommendation
• proof of English proficiency

Additional Application Information An applicant whose native language is not English must provide proof of English proficiency regardless of their current residency.

The Department of Economics requires applicants to send official scores from the GRE directly to Graduate Admission Services. Applications are not reviewed until the GRE scores are received. ASU does not accept the GRE® General Test at home edition.

The admission policy weighs several factors, including letters of reference, overall GPA, GRE scores and performance in selected mathematics and economics courses. There are no absolute standards for any of the factors, but performance on each should clearly suggest academic potential that is far above those of the normal undergraduate student.

Admission guidelines are available on the Graduate Admission Services website. Applicants should see the program website for application deadlines and admission terms.

Graduates with a W. P. Carey School of Business doctorate in economics embark on careers in research and academia, learning from thought leaders in their respective fields and gaining the resources of one of the largest universities in the U.S.

Career opportunities include:

• assistant professor
• research associate

Department of Economics | CPCOM 412 [email protected] 480-965-3531

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How to Apply to the Ph.D. Program

Ph.d. application + admission process.

Applicants who wish to be considered for Fall admission to the Ph.D. in Economics should submit their application by the following deadlines:

December 1 for all International Applicants

January 15 for all Domestic Applicants

Ph.D. Application Steps

To apply, you must complete the University Graduate School’s online application. You must provide the following information in the online application:

Statement of Purpose:

A written statement (1-2 standard printed pages) outlining your goals and interest in pursuing graduate study at Indiana University must be included with your online application.

Current Resume:

Please upload your most recent C.V. or resume in the online application.

Departmental Questions:

Applicants must include all coursework taken in Mathematics and Economics for their application to be considered complete. Please list this information in the section provided within the online application. Additionally, please respond to the questions regarding funding interest.

Three Letters of Recommendation:

The contact information (including names, street addresses, phone numbers and email addresses) of three people who will submit your letters of recommendation via the online application system. The online system will then email your contacts with instructions on how to upload their references online.

Writing samples are not required. However, we do welcome them, and they will be considered as part of your application materials. They may be uploaded in the online application.

Recommended: Your online application to IU should be submitted at least 2 weeks before the actual deadline in order for your recommenders to have the opportunity to respond to their notifications by the appropriate deadline.

Applications with late materials cannot be guaranteed consideration for financial aid packages.

The cost for submitting the graduate application is $70. The application fee is non-refundable. FreeApp provides an application fee waiver for domestic high-achieving and URM candidates.

Please have official transcripts sent directly from all undergraduate institutions attended, as well as from any graduate programs (if applicable).

International applicants

Please have your official academic records in the original language from every postsecondary school you have attended, whether or not you obtained a degree, sent to OIS. If the original is not in English, also include a certified, literal translation. Records must be issued by the registrar or record-keeping official from the institution at which the work was completed.

Notarized copies of academic records are not acceptable. If you studied in the United States or Canada, have official transcripts sent directly to International Admissions from the issuing institution’s records office. All transcripts must be sent to the Office of International Services (OIS), even if you have attended an institution in the United States. OIS will not accept electronic transcripts.

Please have your sealed, official transcripts (with English translation, if applicable) mailed to:

Ferguson International Center Office of International Services 330 N. Eagleson Ave. Bloomington, IN 47406 USA Attn: Graduate Admissions

Phone: 812-855-9086

Domestic applicants

Please have your sealed, official transcripts mailed directly from the institution(s) to:

Department of Economics Wylie Hall 105 100 S. Woodlawn Ave. Bloomington, IN 47405-7104 USA Attn: Graduate Admissions

If you are in the process of completing a bachelor’s degree when you apply, a transcript showing your current enrollment in your course of study is acceptable. If admitted to Indiana University, you will be required to submit a final, official transcript directly to Indiana University prior to your matriculation, verifying the completion of your degree and the date your degree was awarded.

Please have ETS send official GRE score results electronically to Indiana University Bloomington at Institution Code is 1324.

Note: We do not accept GMAT scores.

The Department of Economics cannot waive the requirement to provide proof of English language proficiency if an applicant’s native language is not English. The department will accept current TOEFL and IELTS scores.

For applicants whose native language is not English, either the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) -- preferred, or the IELTS are required to be considered for the Ph.D. program in Economics.

While Indiana University prefers to receive TOEFL scores, applicants who wish to submit a current IELTS score should have the official scores sent to OIS for verification:

A current, official TOEFL or IELTS score report is required for all international applicant files.

• If TOEFL or IELTS scores are older than 2 years and/or have a total score that is less than 90 on the TOEFL iBT or less than 7.0 OBS on the IELTS, please be aware that you may be required to take the Indiana Academic English Test (IAET) if you are admitted to Indiana University. Students are required to enroll and pass any English courses prescribed from the results of this examination. Tuition fees for English proficiency courses are the same as for other courses; however, the credit hours earned in English proficiency courses will not be counted toward degree requirements.
• To be eligible for an associate instructorship position in future years, students must also meet additional English language requirements, which includes becoming certified by passing the Test of English Proficiency for International Associate Instructor Candidates .

After you apply: International applicants will receive an email from OIS providing them with their Atlas login information within five days of receiving your completed electronic application. Please view Supporting Documents for Graduate Students for detailed information about the required documents which are necessary to submit in addition to your online application. You will be able to provide these in Atlas.

International applicants must provide a Declaration of Financial Support Form upon notification of acceptance to Indiana University, if you have not been awarded a financial support package. Please fill out and submit this information to the Office of International Admissions directly, either by mail to the above address, by email to newtoiu@indiana.edu , or by fax to (812) 856-5378.

View estimated expenses for international graduate students

The evidence of financial support will not be part of your academic admission decision, as this information is held in confidence by the Office of International Admissions. Applications received without any evidence of financial support can be processed for an admission decision. However, admission will be delayed if the Office of International Services does not have this information on file. OIS provides details regarding the next steps after admission and provides resources for living in the U.S.

Frequently Asked Questions

A: No. Indiana University will not extend conditional offers of admission.

A: No. The PhD program in Economics at Indiana University is an in-residence program which requires full-time enrollment to complete the required course of study.

A: No. While Indiana University is practicing some online components to PhD courses to keep students and faculty safe during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not an online degree.

A: Indiana University has established a website to keep students, faculty and staff informed on IU’s planning and response to COVID-19.

A: The average number of complete applications we have received in recent years is 135. Our matriculating class varies each year, ranging between 15 – 20 students.

A: The following are the average scores of applicants who have matriculated in recent years: GRE General Test: Quantitative: 164 Verbal: 153 Writing: 3.5 TOEFL iBT: 98

A: Yes. The admissions committee can begin reviewing your application with your unofficial transcripts which you upload with your application. However, Indiana University cannot make an offer of admission prior to receiving the official transcripts. We ask that you submit official transcripts as soon as possible.

A: Yes. International applicants should plan to have their official transcripts arrive to OIS no later than the end of December and domestic applicants should plan to have their official transcripts arrive to the department no later than the end of January.

A: Yes. Notify the admissions team in each department to let them know which other programs you are applying to. You will be required to submit applications to each program. If you are also applying to a Kelley School of Business PhD program , you will need to submit an additional application to them directly.

A: No, test scores are electronically reported by ETS to Indiana University’s Student Information System. The scores can be matched to your application electronically based on your name and identifying information. Department codes do not impact this matching process. If you submit multiple applications, each program at Indiana University to which you applied will have access to your official test scores.

A: Yes. We prefer TOEFL exam scores. If an applicant wishes to submit an IELTS score, the minimum OBS score for graduate study should be 7.0 and official scores should be sent to the Office of International Services for evaluation.

A: You can request the TOEFL requirement be waived if you have or are attending a college or university within the U.S. for four or more years.

A: No. The GRE exam is required by a department, a waiver is not possible.

A: We will begin the review process using unofficial self-reported scores, but we must have the official scores by the materials deadline (see next question).

A: Due to various document processing, the deadlines for international applicants and domestic applicants are different. International applicants must submit applications no later than December 1. Official transcripts, test scores and letters of recommendation should arrive no later than December 31. Domestic applicants must submit applications by January 15. Official transcripts, test scores and letters of recommendation should arrive no later than January 31.

A: Applicants are responsible for entering recommender information into the Indiana University Graduate CAS. When the application is submitted, the recommenders will then receive an electronic request via email to provide their recommendation, along with an opportunity to upload a PDF of their recommendation letter to the application.

A: Yes. Recommender links will remain active even after the application deadline.

A: Applicants should log into their online application to view the most up to date information available. We will contact you via email through the application portal during the review process if further information is needed. Applicants should not email to request an application status update.

A: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we are not arranging in-person visits. In the meantime, we invite you to a virtual visit of our beautiful campus. The Department of Economics is located in Wylie Hall, one of two brick buildings in the Old Crescent.

A: The admission committee for the PhD program normally holds interviews between late January and late March. This year, interviews will be held on Zoom. You will be contacted directly via email in the application portal by the admissions coordinator if the committee wishes to interview you.

A: It will vary. Applicants are notified once the admissions committee makes a final decision on your individual application. We anticipate all decisions to be final by April 15.

A: The standard application fee is $70 per program. Applications are not reviewed until the application fee has been paid.

A: Under certain circumstances. The department cannot waive application fees, but the University Graduate School offers application fee waivers to applicants who meet eligibility requirements . If these eligibility requirements are not met, we cannot waive an application fee.

A: No. We do not offer refunds for any reason, except if a technical error occurs during the transaction process.

A: No. Simply indicate your preference to be considered for financial aid from Indiana University on your application.

A: No. Offers of admission which do not explicitly outline funding are offers of admission only and are not a financial commitment from Indiana University.

A: Most students will be awarded a Student Academic Appointment (SAA). These appointments require that a student work no more than 20 hours per week as a Graduate Assistant (GA), a Teaching Assistant (TA), or an Associate Instructor (AI). First year students are typically assigned as Graduate Assistants (GAs). The department selects a few top applicants for a College of Arts and Sciences Fellowship in their first year, which will not have a work requirement.

A: Financial packages are most often five-year funding commitments. Fellowships and Student Academic Appointments include a 100% tuition fee remission, health insurance (includes vision/dental); and a stipend. The stipend will vary depending on the package (whether Fellowship or SAA) and assignment (GA/TA/AI).

A: Decisions regarding financial offers are made throughout the admission process and you will be notified once the admissions committee determines if a financial offer can be extended to you. As a member of the Council of Graduate Schools, Indiana University supports the CGS Resolution Regarding Graduate Scholars, Fellows, Trainees and Assistants . All financial offers must be extended and responded to by the April 15 deadline.

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