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Verbal and nonverbal communication in different situations.

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113 Nonverbal Communication Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Nonverbal communication is a crucial aspect of human interaction, as it can convey just as much information as verbal communication. From facial expressions to body language, nonverbal cues can reveal a person's emotions, intentions, and attitudes. In this article, we will explore 113 nonverbal communication essay topic ideas and provide examples to help you better understand this fascinating form of communication.

• The importance of nonverbal communication in everyday interactions
• How facial expressions can convey emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, and surprise
• The role of eye contact in nonverbal communication
• How body language can reveal a person's confidence, nervousness, or discomfort
• The impact of gestures on communication, such as waving, pointing, or nodding
• Cultural differences in nonverbal communication practices
• Gender differences in nonverbal communication styles
• The use of touch as a form of nonverbal communication
• How proxemics, or the use of personal space, can affect communication dynamics
• The influence of nonverbal cues on forming first impressions
• The role of nonverbal communication in building trust and rapport
• Nonverbal communication in romantic relationships
• How nonverbal cues can be used to detect deception or dishonesty
• The impact of technology on nonverbal communication
• The use of nonverbal communication in leadership and management
• Nonverbal communication in negotiation and conflict resolution
• The role of nonverbal communication in public speaking and presentations
• How nonverbal cues can enhance or detract from a message's effectiveness
• The influence of nonverbal communication on customer service interactions
• The use of nonverbal communication in marketing and advertising
• The role of nonverbal communication in job interviews and hiring decisions
• How nonverbal cues can affect perceptions of power and authority
• The impact of nonverbal communication on interpersonal relationships
• Nonverbal communication in healthcare settings, such as doctor-patient interactions
• The use of nonverbal cues in educational settings, such as teacher-student communication
• Nonverbal communication in sports and athletic performance
• The role of nonverbal communication in law enforcement and security
• How nonverbal cues can influence voting behavior and political decisions
• The use of nonverbal communication in social media and online interactions
• Nonverbal communication in virtual environments and video conferencing
• How nonverbal cues can be misinterpreted or misunderstood
• The impact of nonverbal communication on mental health and well-being
• Nonverbal communication in non-human animals, such as primates or birds
• The use of nonverbal cues in storytelling and narrative communication
• How nonverbal communication can enhance cross-cultural understanding and empathy
• The role of nonverbal communication in building inclusive and diverse communities
• Nonverbal communication in improvisational theater and performance art
• The influence of nonverbal cues on music and dance performances
• The use of nonverbal communication in therapy and counseling
• How nonverbal cues can affect learning and memory retention
• The impact of nonverbal communication on creativity and innovation
• Nonverbal communication in disaster response and emergency situations
• The role of nonverbal cues in environmental conservation and sustainability efforts
• How nonverbal communication can promote social justice and activism
• The use of nonverbal cues in conflict resolution and peacebuilding initiatives
• Nonverbal communication in storytelling and oral traditions
• The influence of nonverbal cues on social norms and etiquette
• The impact of nonverbal communication on self-esteem and self-perception
• Nonverbal communication in religious and spiritual practices
• The role of nonverbal cues in building community and social connections
• How nonverbal communication can foster empathy and compassion
• The use of nonverbal cues in nonverbal communication training and education
• Nonverbal communication in journalism and media reporting
• The influence of nonverbal cues on consumer behavior and purchasing decisions
• The impact of nonverbal communication on mental health stigma and discrimination
• Nonverbal communication in conflict-affected and post-conflict settings
• The role of nonverbal cues in intergenerational communication
• How nonverbal communication can promote interfaith dialogue and understanding
• The use of nonverbal cues in disaster preparedness and response
• Nonverbal communication in the criminal justice system and legal proceedings
• The influence of nonverbal cues on social media activism and advocacy
• The impact of nonverbal communication on body image and self-acceptance
• Nonverbal communication in community organizing and grassroots movements
• The role of nonverbal cues in microaggressions and covert discrimination
• How nonverbal communication can promote environmental conservation and sustainability
• The use of nonverbal cues in promoting mental health awareness and support
• Nonverbal communication in political campaigns and advocacy efforts
• The influence of nonverbal cues on workplace culture and organizational behavior
• The impact of nonverbal communication on social media influencers and online personalities
• Nonverbal communication in disaster response and recovery efforts
• The role of nonverbal cues in promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace
• How nonverbal communication can foster empathy and understanding in healthcare settings
• The use of nonverbal cues in promoting mental health literacy and awareness
• Nonverbal communication in promoting social justice and equity in education
• The influence of nonverbal cues on interpersonal relationships and conflict resolution
• The impact of nonverbal communication on body language and self-expression
• Nonverbal communication in promoting environmental conservation and sustainability efforts
• The role of nonverbal cues in promoting mental health awareness and support

In conclusion, nonverbal communication is a powerful tool that can enhance our understanding of human behavior and interactions. By exploring these 113 nonverbal communication essay topic ideas and examples, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the complexity and richness of this form of communication. Whether you are studying communication, psychology, sociology, or any other related field, nonverbal communication is a fascinating area of study that can offer valuable insights into our social interactions and relationships.

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Types of Nonverbal Communication

Often you don't need words at all

 Tim Robberts / Getty Images

Why Nonverbal Communication Is Important

• How to Improve

Nonverbal communication means conveying information without using words. This might involve using certain facial expressions or hand gestures to make a specific point, or it could involve the use (or non-use) of eye contact, physical proximity, and other nonverbal cues to get a message across.

A substantial portion of our communication is nonverbal. In fact, some researchers suggest that the percentage of nonverbal communication is four times that of verbal communication, with 80% of what we communicate involving our actions and gestures versus only 20% being conveyed with the use of words.

Every day, we respond to thousands of nonverbal cues and behaviors, including postures, facial expressions, eye gaze, gestures, and tone of voice. From our handshakes to our hairstyles, our nonverbal communication reveals who we are and impacts how we relate to other people.

9 Types of Nonverbal Communication

Scientific research on nonverbal communication and behavior began with the 1872 publication of Charles Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals . Since that time, a wealth of research has been devoted to the types, effects, and expressions of unspoken communication and behavior .

Nonverbal Communication Types

While these signals can be so subtle that we are not consciously aware of them, research has identified nine types of nonverbal communication. These nonverbal communication types are:

• Facial expressions
• Paralinguistics (such as loudness or tone of voice)
• Body language
• Proxemics or personal space
• Eye gaze, haptics (touch)
• Artifacts (objects and images)

Facial Expressions

Facial expressions are responsible for a huge proportion of nonverbal communication. Consider how much information can be conveyed with a smile or a frown. The look on a person's face is often the first thing we see, even before we hear what they have to say.

While nonverbal communication and behavior can vary dramatically between cultures, the facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger, and fear are similar throughout the world.

Deliberate movements and signals are an important way to communicate meaning without words. Common gestures include waving, pointing, and giving a "thumbs up" sign. Other gestures are arbitrary and related to culture.

For example, in the U.S., putting the index and middle finger in the shape of a "V" with your palm facing out is often considered to be a sign of peace or victory. Yet, in Britain, Australia, and other parts of the world, this gesture can be considered an insult.

Nonverbal communication via gestures is so powerful and influential that some judges place limits on which ones are allowed in the courtroom, where they can sway juror opinions. An attorney might glance at their watch to suggest that the opposing lawyer's argument is tedious, for instance. Or they may roll their eyes during a witness's testimony in an attempt to undermine that person's credibility.

Paralinguistics

Paralinguistics refers to vocal communication that is separate from actual language. This form of nonverbal communication includes factors such as tone of voice, loudness, inflection, and pitch.

For example, consider the powerful effect that tone of voice can have on the meaning of a sentence. When said in a strong tone of voice, listeners might interpret a statement as approval and enthusiasm. The same words said in a hesitant tone can convey disapproval and a lack of interest.

Body Language and Posture

Posture and movement can also provide a great deal of information. Research on body language has grown significantly since the 1970s, with popular media focusing on the over-interpretation of defensive postures such as arm-crossing and leg-crossing, especially after the publication of Julius Fast's book Body Language .

While these nonverbal communications can indicate feelings and attitudes , body language is often subtle and less definitive than previously believed.

People often refer to their need for "personal space." This is known as proxemics and is another important type of nonverbal communication.

The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us are influenced by several factors. Among them are social norms , cultural expectations, situational factors, personality characteristics, and level of familiarity.

The amount of personal space needed when having a casual conversation with another person can vary between 18 inches and four feet. The personal distance needed when speaking to a crowd of people is usually around 10 to 12 feet.

The eyes play a role in nonverbal communication, with such things as looking, staring, and blinking being important cues. For example, when you encounter people or things that you like, your rate of blinking increases and your pupils dilate.

People's eyes can indicate a range of emotions , including hostility, interest, and attraction. People also often utilize eye gaze cues to gauge a person's honesty. Normal, steady eye contact is often taken as a sign that a person is telling the truth and is trustworthy. Shifty eyes and an inability to maintain eye contact, on the other hand, is frequently seen as an indicator that someone is lying or being deceptive.

However, some research suggests that eye gaze does not accurately predict lying behavior.

Communicating through touch is another important nonverbal communication behavior. Touch can be used to communicate affection, familiarity, sympathy, and other emotions .

In her book Interpersonal Communication: Everyday Encounters , author Julia Wood writes that touch is also often used to communicate both status and power. High-status individuals tend to invade other people's personal space with greater frequency and intensity than lower-status individuals.

Sex differences also play a role in how people utilize touch to communicate meaning. Women tend to use touch to convey care, concern, and nurturance. Men, on the other hand, are more likely to use touch to assert power or control over others.

There has been a substantial amount of research on the importance of touch in infancy and early childhood. Harry Harlow's classic monkey study , for example, demonstrated how being deprived of touch impedes development. In the experiments, baby monkeys raised by wire mothers experienced permanent deficits in behavior and social interaction.

Our choice of clothing, hairstyle, and other appearance factors are also considered a means of nonverbal communication. Research on color psychology has demonstrated that different colors can evoke different moods. Appearance can also alter physiological reactions, judgments, and interpretations.

Just think of all the subtle judgments you quickly make about someone based on their appearance. These first impressions are important, which is why experts suggest that job seekers dress appropriately for interviews with potential employers.

Researchers have found that appearance can even play a role in how much people earn. Attractive people tend to earn more and receive other fringe benefits, including higher-quality jobs.

Culture is an important influence on how appearances are judged. While thinness tends to be valued in Western cultures, some African cultures relate full-figured bodies to better health, wealth, and social status.

Objects and images are also tools that can be used to communicate nonverbally. On an online forum, for example, you might select an avatar to represent your identity and to communicate information about who you are and the things you like.

People often spend a great deal of time developing a particular image and surrounding themselves with objects designed to convey information about the things that are important to them. Uniforms, for example, can be used to transmit a tremendous amount of information about a person.

A soldier will don fatigues, a police officer will wear a specific uniform, and a doctor will wear a white lab coat. At a mere glance, these outfits tell others what that person does for a living. That makes them a powerful form of nonverbal communication.

Nonverbal Communication Examples

Think of all the ways you communicate nonverbally in your own life. You can find examples of nonverbal communication at home, at work, and in other situations.

Nonverbal Communication at Home

Consider all the ways that tone of voice might change the meaning of a sentence when talking with a family member. One example is when you ask your partner how they are doing and they respond with, "I'm fine." How they say these words reveals a tremendous amount about how they are truly feeling.

A bright, happy tone of voice would suggest that they are doing quite well. A cold tone of voice might suggest that they are not fine but don't wish to discuss it. A somber, downcast tone might indicate that they are the opposite of fine but may want to talk about why.

Other examples of nonverbal communication at home include:

• Going to your partner swiftly when they call for you (as opposed to taking your time or not responding at all)
• Greeting your child with a smile when they walk into the room to show that you're happy to see them
• Leaning in when your loved one speaks to show that you are listening and that you are interested in what they're saying
• Shoving your fist into the air when you're upset that something isn't working

Nonverbal Communication in the Workplace

You can also find nonverbal communication in the workplace. Examples of this include:

• Looking co-workers in the eye when speaking with them to be fully engaged in the interaction
• Throwing your hands in the air when you are frustrated with a project
• Using excitement in your voice when leading work meetings to project your passion for a specific topic
• Walking down the hall with your head held high to convey confidence in your abilities

Nonverbal Communication in Other Situations

Here are a few additional examples of nonverbal communication that say a lot without you having to say anything at all:

• Greeting an old friend at a restaurant with a hug, handshake, or fist bump
• Placing your hand on someone's arm when they are talking to you at a party to convey friendliness or concern
• Rolling your eyes at someone who is chatting excessively with a store clerk as a line begins to form
• Scowling at someone who has cut you off in traffic, or "flipping them the bird"

Nonverbal communication serves an important role in conveying meaning. Some benefits it provides include:

• Strengthening relationships : Nonverbal communication fosters closeness and intimacy in interpersonal relationships.
• Substituting for spoken words : Signaling information that a person might not be able to say aloud. This can be helpful in situations where a person might not be heard (such as a noisy workplace) or in therapy situations where a mental health professional can look at nonverbal behaviors to learn more about how a client might be feeling.
• Reinforcing meaning : Matching nonverbal communication to spoken words can help add clarity and reinforce important points.
• Regulating conversation : Nonverbal signals can also help regulate the flow of conversation and indicate both the start and end of a message or topic.

Nonverbal communication is important because it can provide valuable information, reinforce the meaning of spoken words, help convey trust, and add clarity to your message.

How to Improve Your Nonverbal Communication Skills

If you want to develop more confident body language or improve your ability to read other people's nonverbal communication behaviors, these tips can help:

• Pay attention to your own behaviors : Notice the gestures you use when you're happy versus when you're upset. Think about how you change the tone of your voice depending on the emotions you are feeling. Being aware of your own nonverbal communication tendencies is the first step to changing the ones you want to change. It can also give you insight into how you're feeling if you're having trouble putting it into words.
• Become a student of others : It can also be helpful to consider how others around you communicate nonverbally. What do their facial expressions say? What type of gestures do they use? Becoming familiar with their nonverbal communication patterns helps you recognize when they might be feeling a certain way quicker because you're actively watching for these cues. It can also help you recognize nonverbal behaviors you may want to adopt yourself (such as standing tall when talking to others to display self-confidence ).
• Look for incongruent nonverbal cues : Do you say that you're fine, then slam cupboard doors to show that you're upset? This can give those around you mixed messages. Or maybe when someone is speaking with you, they are saying yes while shaking their head no. This is another example of incongruent behavior. Both can be signs of feeling a certain way but not yet being ready to admit or discuss it.
• Think before you act : If your middle finger seems to automatically fly up when a car cuts you off—even if your young child is in the back seat, causing you to regret it as soon as it happens—you can work to stop this reaction. Train yourself to stop and think before you act. This can help you eliminate or replace nonverbal behaviors that you've been wanting to change.
• Ask before you assume : Certain types of nonverbal communication can mean different things in different cultures. They can also vary based on someone's personality . Before assuming that a person's body language or tone means something definitively, ask. "I notice that you won't look me in the eye when we speak. Are you upset with me?" Give them the opportunity to explain how they are feeling so you know for sure.

A Word From Verywell

Nonverbal communication plays an important role in how we convey meaning and information to others, as well as how we interpret the actions of those around us.

The important thing to remember when looking at nonverbal behaviors is to consider the actions in groups. Consider what a person says verbally, combined with their expressions, appearance, and tone of voice and it can tell you a great deal about what that person is really trying to say.

American Psychological Association. Nonverbal communication (NVC) .

Hull R. The art of nonverbal communication in practice . Hear J . 2016;69(5);22-24. doi:10.1097/01.HJ.0000483270.59643.cc

Frith C. Role of facial expressions in social interactions . Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci . 2009;364(1535):3453-8. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0142

Goldin-Meadow S. How gesture works to change our minds . Trends Neurosci Educ . 2014;3(1):4-6. doi:10.1016/j.tine.2014.01.002

Guyer JJ, Briñol P, Vaughan-Johnston TI, Fabrigar LR, Moreno L, Petty RE. Paralinguistic features communicated through voice can affect appraisals of confidence and evaluative judgments .  J Nonverbal Behav . 2021;45(4):479-504. doi:10.1007/s10919-021-00374-2

Abdulghafor R, Turaev S, Ali MAH. Body language analysis in healthcare: An overview .  Healthcare (Basel) . 2022;10(7):1251. doi:10.3390/healthcare10071251

Mccall C, Singer T. Facing off with unfair others: introducing proxemic imaging as an implicit measure of approach and avoidance during social interaction . PLoS One . 2015;10(2):e0117532. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117532

Wiseman R, Watt C, ten Brinke L, Porter S, Couper SL, Rankin C. The eyes don't have it: lie detection and Neuro-Linguistic Programming .  PLoS One . 2012;7(7):e40259. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040259

Sekerdej M, Simão C, Waldzus S, Brito R. Keeping in touch with context: Non-verbal behavior as a manifestation of communality and dominance . J Nonverbal Behav . 2018;42(3):311-326. doi:10.1007/s10919-018-0279-2

Bambaeeroo F, Shokrpour N. The impact of the teachers' non-verbal communication on success in teaching .  J Adv Med Educ Prof . 2017;5(2):51-59.

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By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Nonverbal Communication Skills: 19 Theories & Findings

In it, he introduces the concept of dramaturgy, which compares everyday social interactions to actors’ portrayals of characters, suggesting that one’s social interactions are analogous to a string of varying performances (Ritzer, 2021).

Goffman’s work also included the concept of impression management. The key to impression management includes appearance; your manner of interacting; and the attitudes conveyed through gestures, facial expressions, and nonverbal skills (Ritzer, 2021).

William Shakespeare said, “All the world’s a stage.”

I’m not a trained actor, but teaching public speaking courses has made me aware that audiences seem to prefer speakers who use a variety of hand gestures. These gestures signify the speaker as “warm, agreeable, and energetic” (Goman, 2021).

Just that nugget of information has taught me to incorporate hand gestures to develop my public speaking skills.

What other nonverbal communication skills enhance daily interactions?

Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Positive Communication Exercises (PDF) for free . These science-based tools will help you and those you work with build better social skills and better connect with others.

This Article Contains:

What is nonverbal communication, 9 types of nonverbal communication skills, is nonverbal communication important, 2 psychology theories and models, 8 fascinating research findings, importance in counseling and healthcare, resources from positivepsychology.com, a take-home message.

Nonverbal communication is a way to convey information “achieved through facial expressions, gestures, touching (haptics), physical movements (kinesics), posture, body adornment (clothes, jewelry, hairstyle, tattoos, etc.), and even the tone, timbre, and volume of an individual’s voice (rather than spoken content)” (Navarro & Karlins, 2008, p. 2–4).

In this YouTube video, Joe Navarro explains several nonverbal communication cues, exposes some myths, and discusses his work with nonverbal communication in law enforcement.

Marco Iacoboni (2008, p. 81), author of Mirroring People , takes it a step further, stating that “gestures accompanying speech have a dual role of helping the speakers to express their thoughts and helping the listeners/viewers understand what is being said.”

To competently read body language, Navarro and Karlins (2008) provide suggestions such as rigorous observation and a familiarity with the person’s baseline behaviors. They also recommend watching for changes, or ‘tells.’

Navarro and Karlins (2008) advise becoming familiar with universal behaviors and contextualizing nonverbal cues. However, cultural norms could inhibit rigorous observation.

Characteristics of nonverbal communication

The United States is considered a low-context communication culture (MacLachlan, 2010). This means that much of the information in a message comes directly from words rather than through implication or body language.

This style of communication involves lots of verbal detail so as not to confuse listeners. Low-context cultures rely less on nonverbal communication, which can obscure or censor portions of the message.

Nonverbal communication is culturally determined, and it is largely unconscious. It indicates the speaker’s emotional state. When nonverbal cues conflict with the verbal message, it may convey confusion or deception (Navarro & Karlins, 2008).

Finally, nonverbal communication varies by gender and displays power differentials, information effective leaders can use to influence others (Hybels & Weaver, 2015; Henley, 1977).

Nonverbal communication of successful leaders

It’s essential for leaders to read body language, also known as decoding. Deciphering between engagement (e.g., nodding, tilting the head, open body postures) and disengagement (e.g., body tilting away, crossed arms and legs) can be the difference between success and failure (Goman, 2021).

Successful actors could be considered professional first-impression artists. Like actors, leaders often find themselves center stage; they must learn the art of creating first impressions.

Subjective awareness and the ability to express yourself nonverbally are known as encoding – crucial for positive first impressions. Advice from professional actors includes a maintaining a pleasant facial expression, good posture, pausing, breathing, relaxing, and avoiding hiding your hands (Shellenbarger, 2018).

This video , 8 Things Successful People Do to Look Confident , provides quick tips for confident body language even if you’re not feeling confident.

First impressions are said to be formed in less than seven seconds (Goman, 2021). In this short time, others formulate labels such as “powerful,” “submissive,” or “trustworthy.” Evolved leaders incorporate mindfulness to help.

Naz Beheshti (2018) states, “Evolved leaders… use nonverbal tools mindfully and deliberately to reinforce their message.” She goes on to say, “this lifts the value of your communication and your value as a leader” (Beheshti, 2018).

Awareness of self, others, and the situation (mindfulness) allows us to ensure that our gestures and body language align with our spoken words. This creates congruence and generates trustworthiness (Beheshti, 2018; Newberg & Waldman, 2013).

This means we are analyzing several, simultaneous nonverbal cues. A frustrated person may tap their foot, cross their arms, and tightly squeeze their biceps (Jones, 2013). These clusters may cross over and include a variety of nonverbal categories, summarized below.

1. Kinesics

Kinesics is the study of how we move our body, specifically the head, hands, body, and arms (Jones, 2013). This includes sending messages through facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and posture.

Haptics is the study of touch or coming into physical contact with another person (Hybels & Weaver, 2015). Throughout history, touch has been surrounded by mystery and taboo. We are perplexed by healing touch and riveted by stories of infants who perished due to lack of touch. Touch can denote relationship, status, power, and personality (Henley, 1977).

Cultural norms dictate guidelines regarding touch. Mindfulness regarding social and environmental settings is prudent. We greet a friend at an informal party differently than we would greet a boss or coworker in a professional setting.

3. Proxemics

The study of space and distance is called proxemics, and it analyzes how people use the space around them (Hybels & Weaver, 2015).

This YouTube video is a fun demonstration of students completing a school project on personal space and the discomfort felt by both humans and animals when social norms are violated.

4. Territory

Territory is often used to display power or reveal a lack thereof.

“'[P]osture expansiveness,’ positioning oneself in a way that opens up the body and takes up space, activated a sense of power that produced behavioral changes in a subject independent of their actual rank or role in an organization” (Goman, 2021).

Expansiveness conveys power.

5. Environment

Environment includes objects we use to adorn ourselves and the artifacts we surround ourselves with in order to create an impression. These objects provide nonverbal cues that help others form impressions (Jones, 2013).

6. Paralinguistics

Paralinguistics, also known as vocalics, is the study of how we speak and involves pitch, volume, rate of speech, tone, quality, tempo, resonance, rhythm, and articulation to help determine the context of the message (Jones, 2013).

7. Chronemics

Chronemics is the study of time, including how it is used. Nancy Henley (1977, p. 43), author of Body Politics: Power, Sex & Nonverbal Communication , asserts “Time is far from a neutral philosophical/physical concept in our society: it is a political weapon.”

Henley (1977, p. 47) describes the concept of “ritual waiting,” stating, “The more important the person, the longer we will ungrudgingly wait for the service or honor of attention.”

8. Attractiveness

The power of drawing attention to oneself doesn’t rely on physical appeal alone. Although facial symmetry and fashion of adornment are important (Jones, 2013), people who master good eye contact, have a lively face, offer encouragement, and use open gestures are also considered attractive (Kuhnke, 2012).

9. Olfactics

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Nonverbal communication is very important, as you could reveal unintentional information, as well as cause your communication to be misinterpreted.

Leakage: Unintentional messages

Teaching social–emotional skills to incarcerated people provided me with a powerful lesson about the nuances of nonverbal communication. On a particularly challenging day, I thought it wise to meditate and center myself prior to entering the jail. However, upon seeing me, the people inside began inquiring what was going on with me. What did they detect?

Nonverbal leakage can be shown through micro-expressions, which are “very fast facial movements lasting 1/25 to 1/5 of a second” and indicate a person’s real feelings (Ekman, 2003, p. 214).

This YouTube video is the opening scene of the series Lie to Me , based on the work of Paul Ekman regarding micro-expressions.

Varying statistics on the value of nonverbal communication may cause concern for those less practiced, but which statistics are accurate?

Crossed messages

The original research from Mehrabian and Ferris (1967) regarding nonverbal communication is widely interpreted. Elizabeth Kuhnke (2012, p. 10), author of Body Language for Dummies , interprets the study, saying, “55% of the emotional message in face-to-face communication results from body language.”

A nonverbal communication formula often cited is 7–38–55, which indicates 7% of the message comes from words, 38% vocal, and 55% facial. However, Lapakko (2007) believes this formula is reckless, faulty, and misleading. Sometimes the nonverbal elements of a message, such as gestures with directions, are incredibly important, and at other times incidental.

In addition, what something “means” in communication is connected to such variables as culture, history of the relationship, people’s intentions, personal experiences, time of day and specific words used. It would be naive to suggest all these nuances could be neatly quantified, and therefore attributing a precise formula to nonverbal communication is flawed in many ways.

So regardless of statistics and formulas, we know that nonverbal communication is essential and that people skilled at both reading and interpreting body language tend to enjoy greater success in life than those not skilled (Goleman, 1997).

Basic emotion theory

Basic emotion theory (BET) posits that emotions are a “grammar of social living” that situate us in the social and moral order of society (Keltner, Sauter, Tracy, & Cowen, 2019, p. 133). In addition, emotions structure interactions, particularly in relationships that matter. BET is integral to emotional expression.

Foundational to BET is the assumption that emotional expressions coordinate social interactions in three ways:

• Through rapid conveyance of important information to aid in decision making
• To evoke specific responses
• To serve as incentives for others’ actions

This is accomplished through reward systems such as parents smiling and caressing a child who exhibits specific behaviors (Keltner et al., 2019).

BET initially focused on six basic emotions. Literature reveals there are over 20 emotions with distinct, multimodal expressions, providing a deeper structure and highlighting the advancing nature of emotional expression (Keltner et al., 2019).

Neural resonance

Two people who like each other will mirror each other’s facial expressions, gestures, postures, vocalics, and movements. This is known as neural resonance, and it aids the accurate transfer of information from one person to another (Newberg & Waldman, 2013).

To fully understand what another is saying, “you have to listen to and observe the other person as deeply and fully as possible” (Newberg & Waldman, 2013, p. 81). Neural resonance uses mirror neurons to create cooperation, empathy, and trust.

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Studying nonverbal communication is revealing and intriguing. Most experts will include aspects such as eyes, facial expressions, and hands, but digging deeper reveals less-acknowledged nonverbal nuggets.

1. The benefits of yawning

Yawning is one of the fastest and simplest ways to lower mental stress and anxiety (Waldman & Manning, 2017). Social norms dictate that we refrain from yawning in specific settings, but yawning has many benefits. Did you know that snipers are taught to yawn before pulling the trigger (Waldman & Manning, 2017)?

According to Waldman and Manning (2017), yawning stimulates alertness and concentration; optimizes brain activity and metabolism; improves cognitive functioning; increases recall, consciousness, and introspection; decreases stress and relaxes the upper body; recalibrates a sense of timing; enhances social awareness and empathy; and increases sensuality and pleasure.

2. Feet don’t lie

According to Navarro and Karlins (2008), the most honest part of our body is our feet, as demonstrated by small children who dance with happiness or stomp in frustration. Many people look to the face for truth; Navarro and Karlins take the opposite approach:

“When it comes to honesty, truthfulness decreases as we move from the feet to the head” (Navarro & Karlins, 2008, p. 56), reasoning that emotions are suppressed through fabricated facial expression.

3. Gestures that help

Gestures improve memory and comprehension skills. Gestures may convey information that can influence how listeners respond, depending on the hand being used. “We tend to express positive ideas with our dominant hand and negative ideas with the other hand” (Newberg & Waldman, 2013, p. 44).

4. The eyes have it

“Social network circuits are stimulated through face-to-face eye contact, decreasing cortisol, and increasing oxytocin. The result is increased empathy, social cooperation, and positive communication” (Newberg & Waldman, 2013, p. 135).

Eyes reveal a lot about us. When we are aroused, troubled, concerned, or nervous, our blink rate increases. Once we relax, our blink rate returns to normal (Navarro & Karlins, 2008).

5. Power posing for success

Body language affects how others see us and how we view ourselves. In this YouTube video, Amy Cuddy discusses her research on power posing and how it affects success.

Amy Cuddy’s book is also discussed in our article listing books on imposter syndrome .

6. Fingers crossed

One explanation of the origin of crossing fingers for good luck comes from early beliefs in the power of the cross. The intersection of the digits, epitomizing the cross, was thought to denote a concentration of good spirits and served to anchor a wish until it came true (Keyser, 2014).

7. Fake positivity is harmful

Positivity that doesn’t register in your body or heart can be harmful. According to Barbara Fredrickson (2009, p. 180), “fake smiles, just like sneers of anger, predict heart wall collapse.” To truly benefit from a smile, touch, or embrace, you need to slow down and make it heartfelt.

8. Stand up straight

Poor posture can reduce oxygen intake by 30%, resulting in less energy (Gordon, 2003). Stooping over can make us look and feel old and out of touch. By straightening up, we can make significant differences in how we think and feel. The effect is bi-directional; attitude influences posture, just as posture influences attitude.

Good rapport between clients and practitioners stems from mirroring and synchronicity associated with neural resonance (Finset & Piccolo, 2011; Newberg & Waldman, 2013).

Carl Rogers’s Client-Centered Therapy is based on an empathetic understanding of clients. Nonverbal communication provides valuable information for both the client and the therapist. Showing you like and accept a client may be the most important information a therapist can convey (Finset & Piccolo, 2011).

Nonverbal patterns in therapy evolve over time. Specific behaviors that further the therapeutic process include “a moderate amount of head nodding and smiling; frequent, but not staring, eye contact; active, but not extreme, facial responsiveness; and a warm, relaxed, interested vocal tone” (Finset & Piccolo, 2011, p. 122).

Conscious awareness of nonverbal cues can aid in rapport building. Leaning toward the other signals comfort, whereas leaning away or crossing your arms signals discomfort (Navarro & Karlins, 2008).

Torsos and shoulder blades seem innocuous; however, blading away (turning slightly) from another person shows discomfort, while blading toward or facing another squarely shows a level of comfort (Navarro & Karlins, 2008).

Open palms are an ancient sign of trustworthiness that help establish rapport and are considered nonthreatening (Kuhnke, 2012). Hidden hands (placed in pockets or behind backs) signal disconnection and reluctance to engage. To display respect, keep an open posture with your muscles relaxed and weight evenly distributed.

Mirroring and matching go a long way to show synchronicity. Be careful to avoid mimicry, which signals disrespect (Kuhnke, 2012). Too much of a good thing can jeopardize credibility. An extended, fixed gaze into another’s eyes or effortful smiling can seem awkward, or worse.

This short YouTube video explains the dynamics of fluctuating facial expressions, based on the work of Charles Darwin and Paul Ekman.

This Silent Connections worksheet is an exercise for groups that combines mindfulness and nonverbal communication to build connections.

Someone who lacks the ability to make eye contact during conversation can be easily misinterpreted. To overcome this nonverbal communication issue, our Strategies for Maintaining Eye Contact can be very useful.

Our blog post 49 Communication Activities, Exercises, and Games includes six nonverbal communication activities for adults and three nonverbal exercises that work for families and children.

The blog post What Is Assertive Communication? 10 Real-Life Examples includes nonverbal qualities that complement and enhance assertive statements. Hints for eye contact, facial expressions, and posture can be found throughout.

In the blog post Cultivating Social Intelligence : 3 Ways to Understand Others , we discuss characteristics of social intelligence, including body language.

If you’re looking for more science-based ways to help others communicate better, this collection contains 17 validated positive communication tools for practitioners. Use them to help others improve their communication skills and form deeper and more positive relationships.

17 Exercises To Develop Positive Communication

17 Positive Communication Exercises [PDFs] to help others develop communication skills for successful social interactions and positive, fulfilling relationships.

Created by Experts. 100% Science-based.

Nonverbal communication is an essential communication skill. Nonverbal expertise aids in delivering clear messages and forming positive impressions. It doesn’t have to be a big gesture to make a difference. Gently stroking the hand of a grieving friend speaks volumes.

Viewing life as a series of dramatic performances, as implied by both Shakespeare and Goffman, can add a sense of intrigue and adventure to enhancing nonverbal communication. These essential skills will help us achieve goals.

Just as the highly motivated thespian will study and polish their craft, anyone wanting to succeed in their career or interpersonal relationships can study and practice the nuances of nonverbal communication.

Actors and public speakers often practice their craft in front of a mirror or videotape themselves to reflect on strengths and weaknesses.

This article includes a myriad of resources to help improve nonverbal communication skills with many additional resources available.

By starting with something as simple as posture, we exit stage right, headed toward the competency of center stage. Break a leg!

We hope you enjoyed reading this article. Don’t forget to download our three Positive Communication Exercises (PDF) for free .

• Beheshti, N. (2018, September 20). The power of mindful nonverbal communication. Forbes . Retrieved April 26, 2021, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/nazbeheshti/2018/09/20/beyond-language-the-power-of-mindful-nonverbal-communication/?sh=6f40b3d71501
• Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed: Recognizing faces and feelings to improve communication and emotional life . Holt Paperbacks.
• Finset, A., & Piccolo, L. D. (2011). Nonverbal communication in clinical contexts. In M. Rimondini (Ed.), Communication in cognitive-behavioral therapy (pp. 107–128).  Springer Science + Business Media.
• Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Positivity . Crown Publishing Group.
• Goffman, E. (1956). The presentation of self in everyday life . University of Edinburgh.
• Goleman, D. (1997). Emotional intelligence . Bantam Trade Paperback.
• Goman, C. K. (2018, August 26). 5 Ways body language impacts leadership results. Forbes. Retrieved May 1, 2021, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/carolkinseygoman/2018/08/26/5-ways-body-language-impacts-leadership-results/?sh=5c1b235c536a
• Gordon, J. (2003). Energy addict: 101 Physical, mental, & spiritual ways to energize your life . Berkley Publishing Group.
• Henley, N. M. (1977). Body politics: Power, sex and nonverbal communication . Simon & Schuster.
• Hybels, S., & Weaver, R. L. (2015). Communicating effectively . McGraw-Hill Education.
• Iacoboni, M. (2008). Mirroring people: The new science of how we connect with others . Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
• Jones, R. (2013). Communication in the real world: An introduction to communication studies . University of Minnesota Libraries.
• Keltner, D., Sauter, D., Tracy, J., & Cowen, A. (2019). Emotional expression: Advances in basic emotion theory. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 43 (3), 133–160.
• Keyser, H. (2014, March 21). Why do we cross our fingers for good luck? Mental Floss . Retrieved May 27, 2021, from https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/55702/why-do-we-cross-our-fingers-good-luck
• Kuhnke, E. (2012). Body language for dummies . John Wiley & Sons.
• Lapakko, D. (2007). Communication is 93% nonverbal: An urban legend proliferates. Communication and Theater Association of Minnesota Journal , 34 (2), 7–19.
• MacLachlan, M. (2010, February 12). Cross-cultural communication styles: High and low context. Communicaid. Retrieved May 10, 2021, from https://www.communicaid.com/cross-cultural-training/blog/high-and-low-context/
• Mehrabian, A., & Ferris, S. R. (1967). Inference of attitudes from nonverbal communication in two channels.  Journal of Consulting Psychology, 31 (3), 248–252.
• Navarro, J., & Karlins, M. P. (2008). What every body is saying . Harper-Collins.
• Newberg, A. M., & Waldman, M. R. (2013). Words can change your brain . Avery.
• Ritzer, G. (2021). Essentials of sociology (4th ed.). SAGE.
• Shellenbarger, S. (2018, January 30). The mistakes you make in a meeting’s first milliseconds. Wall Street Journal . Retrieved May 22, 2021, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-mistakes-you-make-in-a-meetings-first-milliseconds-1517322312
• Waldman, M. R., & Manning, C. P. (2017). NeuroWisdom: The new brain science of money, happiness, and success . Diversion Books.

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Analysis of Non-verbal Communication

20 June, 2020

5 minutes read

Author:  Donna Moores

Communication in whatever form serves a specific purpose of passing information. Nonverbal communication constitutes a large portion of human communication behavior. Nonverbal communication could range from mild hand gesticulations, aggressive body language or even a faint smile. I have had several opportunities to observe people from a distance in a bid to analyze what they were trying to communicate in a nonverbal manner. I have come to realize that the environment plays a significant role in the measure of how well nonverbal communication are used in disseminating information. Places like parks, college libraries, the bus station, restaurants and cafes are notably some of the places where nonverbal communications may be critically observed.

Two days ago, I went to grab a cup of my favorite coffee at the Starbucks café and decided to sit for a while to pen down a few thoughts. I ended up observing a couple just a few rows in front of my table. The observation began at about 8:38 am and ended about 30 minutes later. The café was unusually quiet, probably because the weather was bit chilly or because it was one of those days where everyone seemed to be in a relaxed mood. The couple just a few tables ahead of where I sat were equally quiet but it was obvious they were communicating in what many would deem as nonverbal. The young man, from his boyish grin and strong masculine physique I guessed would be around the age of 24, but his well-tailored suit made him seem older. He was lean with brown eyes and well-trimmed black hair. The lady, on the other hand, was evidently a student. Her college books were stacked on the table and her laptop bag was resting on one of the chairs. She looked young and pretty but seemed very feminine and petite.

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Because both individuals were so engrossed with the other, it was easy to actually stare at them to observe every gesture that was made. The first thing anyone would have observed was the fact that they maintained eye contact throughout their time together, only looking down at the table for a few seconds probably because the other had looked too hard. The young lady was apparently blushing. I knew this because her face was flushed and her body language exhumed an air of shyness, from the way she crossed her legs and tuck her hands into her thighs, leaning forward and moving randomly from side to side at intervals. Their lips didn’t move much and if it did I was out of earshot. The young man I was fascinated by, because he somewhat kept his composure. He sat up straight at all times, laughed a couple of times and had his boyish grin the rest of the time. At some point in time, he would lean forward, stretch out his hand and tuck the ladies hair behind her ears. It was evident they were a little more than ordinary friends. It seemed so but the young man’s air of confidence and composure didn’t give much away. However, I was able to come to this conclusion when he reached out and took her hand in his.

In the thirty minutes I spent observing the couple, I was able to observe certain nonverbal gestures that communicated affection. First was their facial expressions and constant eye contact coupled with the lady’s flushed cheeks and the looking down at the table at intervals. Secondly was the touching of hands in the most gentle on manners and the tucking of the hair. Lastly, the body language of both individuals seemed the strongest signal of the communication. The man with his upright posture portrayed a level of charisma which I believe was one of the things the lady liked about him, and she with a slouched posture leaning over the table with her hands held together on her thigh depicted a high level of affection for the young man. The young man’s tilting of his head to allow him to look into her eyes and the grin on his face portrayed strong feelings of admiration for the young lady. Overall it was extremely pleasant to watch and observe the couple.

The couple’s time together was enjoyable for them as it was for me. It was clear they appreciated each other’s company. The nonverbal cues and gestures, the lack of personal space, the engrossed hand holding in the most affectionate of manners and locked eye contact was evidence of this notion. I observed on this occasion that nonverbal communication could be just as powerful as any other form of direct communication. However, unless one is compelled to actually observe, many forms of nonverbal communication go unnoticed. I have come to the realization that nonverbal communication might just be the most powerful form of communication there is, as it portrays a totality of what a person might truly be trying to get across, in terms of information which most other communication styles might not be able to truly accomplish.

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Non-verbal Communication Essay | Types of Non-verbal Communication and Implications

August 6, 2021 by Prasanna

Non-verbal Communication Essay: Among verbal and non-verbal communication, a significant portion of our day-to-day interaction occurs through non-verbal communication. Moreover, it is said that non-verbal communication is far more effective at conveying a message than verbal communication. As the name implies, the term “non-verbal communication” is any form of communication that does not involve speech – this includes facial expressions, postures, gestures, tone of voice and countless other non-verbal cues. Even something as simple as a handshake, a glance, or touch can be considered as a form of non-verbal communication.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Types of Non-verbal Communication and Implications

Here, we shall explore the various types of non-verbal communication and their consequent implications:

Facial Expressions and Facial Cues: Consider a smile or a frown, these two facial expressions convey a lot of meaning without the need for any verbal explanation. In fact, the facial expression of a person is the first thing that can be seen before we even talk to them. Moreover, every culture around the world has similar expressions for happiness, anger, sadness and fear. Interestingly, even a person’s eye can reveal much of their feelings. A person’s blink rate can also tell if a person is at ease or tensed. However, the perception of eye contact varies between cultures. For instance, direct eye contact might be avoided in certain cultures as it is a sign of disrespect, especially towards elders. On the contrary, lack of eye contact when conversing can be misinterpreted as lacking self-confidence in many Western countries. Another aspect that tells a lot about a person is the pupils in their eyes. For instance, pupil dilation can signal pleasure, excitement or attraction. Similarly, constricted pupils usually send a colder signal.

Gestures: Another effective way to convey meaning without words is through gestures – which are visible body actions. Alternatively, gestures can also be used in conjunction with speech and body language to emphasize a point. Gestures primarily involve using hand signals, facial expressions or other parts of the body. Gestures can be classified into two types – informative gestures and communicative gestures. Informative gestures are also called passive gestures and they provide information about the speaker as a person rather than the subject of their communication. They are also not produced intentionally, hence the term “passive.” For instance, scratching, or adjusting clothing might imply that the speaker is uncomfortable.

On the other hand, communicative gestures are the types of gestures that are produced intentionally by the speaker, hence it is also called “active gestures”. This type of gesture is used as a modifier, often sending a more impactful message. A famous example of this type of gesture can be seen in the 1917 J.M Flagg’s “Uncle Sam” poster, which was used to recruit soldiers into the US Army for World War I as well as World War II. In this poster, Uncle Sam is seen pointing and sending a non-verbal form of gesture, implying to viewers that he wants them to join the US Army. The main takeaway here is – gestures are one of the most powerful tools to communicate non-verbally.

Body Language: One of the most effective components of non-verbal communication, body language plays an important role in conveying hidden messages. However, these behaviours might seem subtle and less defined, but nonetheless, are important markers in displaying feelings and emotions. For instance, sitting cross-legged or crossing one’s arms are seen as defensive postures. Nervousness, especially in stressful situations, can make people sit or stand stiff. During job interviews, candidates who might be less confident and nervous might sit extremely upright and end up gasping for breath when asked open-ended or stress-inducing questions.  They may also fidget while trying to avoid eye contact. Such individuals usually have problems with public speaking as well.

Paralanguage: This form of non-verbal communication includes voice modulation, loudness and pitch. It essentially provides emphasis and emotions for a message. Consider the following thought experiment where a strong and loud tone of voice is used in a commercial- the impression that it gives its viewers might be of “vigour, sprightly or spirited.” However, if a softer, calmer tone of voice is used in the same commercial, then the viewers might find the tone of the commercial to be “relaxed, or soothing.” Similarly, if a hesitant, stuttering voice is used, it might convey nervousness or fear. In everyday usage, a reply with a “warm” or “cold” tone of voice can imply more than what is being said. For example, if a person questioned you about your day, and you replied, “It was okay,” in a cold tone of voice, it might suggest that your day was not okay, and you do not wish to discuss it further. The same reply in a somber tone might indicate that you had a bad day and you wish to share the details of it with someone. Similarly, a bright, spirited tone might suggest that your day was indeed alright.

Haptics: Touch plays an important role in non-verbal communication. Usually, touch indicates affection, sympathy and familiarity. Usage of haptics also varies between the genders – for instance, men usually touch to assert dominance or power over others while women use touch to convey concern, affection and care. Research has also found that individuals of high power and social status tend to invade the personal space of other people with higher frequency than people with lower power and social status. In conclusion, these are one of the most important tools that influence the effectiveness of non-verbal communication.

FAQs on Non-verbal Communication

Question 1. What is Non-verbal communication?

Answer: As the name implies, non-verbal communication refers to the process of sending or receiving messages without actually using written or spoken language.

Question 2. What are the tools of non-verbal communication?

Answer: A few of the most effective tools of non-verbal communication are – haptics, paralanguage, body language, gestures, facial expressions and facial cues.

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Essays on Nonverbal Communication

We found 36 free papers on nonverbal communication, essay examples, i am sam case study.

Nonverbal Communication

Mikaela McMorine October 21st, 2012 Analyzing an Interview Movie: I Am Sam (directed by Jessie Nelson) The individuals involved in the interview are a man diagnosed with Autism (subject S) and a female lawyer (subject R). They are connected through a professional-helping relationship. The incidents leading up to the interview are with regards to a…

“Kramer Versus Kramer” Character Analysis

After watching the movie Kramer Versus Kramer, I will create a brief summary and cover several aspects of communication, including hearing versus listening, nonverbal communication, and relationships. A brief overview of the film Kramer Versus Kramer starts out by the main character Ted coming home late from work and his wife Joanna tells him that…

Impression Formation Proposal

Scientific method

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of different stimuli on individuals’ perceptions. Specifically, this report aims to analyze how video and audio stimuli can influence people’s views regarding a particular topic or individual. The research methodology employed for this investigation will involve conducting experiments in order to manipulate and measure variables,…

Non verbal communication in intercultural study

Non- verbal communication Non- verbal communication is a term that is used to refer to actions which are different from speech but which, just like speech, can be used to convey information from one person to the next; thereby facilitating communication. Such actions may include facial expressions, gesticulation using the arms and the hands, varying…

Does Red Lipstick Really Attract Men

 Previous research has demonstrated that the color red increases the attractiveness of women. It has also been found that makeup increases perceived women’ attractiveness for men and was associated with perceived greater interest for the opposite sex. We hypothesized that women wearing red lipstick would be more favorably approached by men. Female confederates wearing red,…

Observing Nonverbal Communication

Watch a television drama or comedy and write down all of the instances of nonverbal communication that you see. After watching the program, list each instance, classify it based on the list of types below, and place a plus sign (+) next to any example that contributed to the message and a minus sign (-)…

The Law of Continuation: the Power of Visual Organization

The aim of this work is to get acquinted with the law of continuation. A Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive a line as continuing its established direction. So in this work I would attempt to get better knowledge about this principle of psichology. What is the law…

Nonverbal Communication Between Gendre

According to Professor Peter F. Drucker, nonverbal communication plays a crucial role in understanding unspoken messages. Intercultural communication particularly highlights the significance of nonverbal cues in conveying information. Statistical evidence suggests that around 66% of meaning during an interaction is expressed through nonverbal signals, while only 33% is delivered verbally (Birdwhistell, 1955; Burgoon, 1994). Nonverbal…

Positive Nonverbal Communication During the Interview Process

Oftentimes the decision to hire a candidate for a supervisory position hinges on not only their qualifications but also the nonverbal cues being given during the interview process. Should the candidate appear uncomfortable, fidgety or dishonest his chances of landing the job become slim. What, then, are nonverbal cues that can be used to enhance…

Principles of Supporting Business Events Assessment

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Understand the purpose of displaying professional and helpful behaviour whilst supporting a business event and how to do so Explain the purpose of displaying professional and helpful behaviour when supporting a business event. The purpose of displaying professional and helpful behaviour whilst supporting a business event is for a lot of reasons. By doing the…

Frequently Asked Questions about Nonverbal Communication

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Nonverbal Messages in Everyday Communications Essay

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Nonverbal communication is the transmission of information that does not involve words and instead uses tactics such as body language, facial expressions, tonal shifts, or even silence. For example, smiling, maintaining eye contact, and presenting a pleasant smell can be categorized as nonverbally conveying your attractiveness and interest. Numerous principles govern the effective functioning of nonverbal communication (DeVito, 2016). Nonverbal messages are necessary for emotional expression and actively interact with the information contained in verbal ones by either complementing, contradicting, or substituting it. This principle is why impressions are largely formed by nonverbal messages such as posture and dress and can be craftily manipulated to exert influence and deceive. Furthermore, conversations are regulated and structured by nonverbal signals that you are ready to either speak or listen to. Finally, showing intimacy and communicating or confirming relationship status is mostly done nonverbally through gestures such as hand-holding.

In the article “The Naked Face”, Malcolm Gladwell explores how intuition might be the result of subconsciously but effectively detecting nonverbal communication. He discusses the first principle of nonverbal cues serving as crucial channels for revealing emotion, specifically facial expressions. Gladwell explains how two psychologists made an index of every possible facial muscular movement and cataloged which combinations communicated which specific emotion (Gladwell, 2002). Then, he delves into the second principle by explaining how involuntary facial microexpressions either confirm or contradict a person’s verbal messages by exposing their authentic feelings. With the help of such research, it is possible to perceive certain facts about the speaker’s identity and whether they are lying. Gladwell’s article illustrates that nonverbal communication is an essential aspect of interpersonal skills.

Every human being who participates in society and is present in a physical space with other people is utilizing nonverbal communication, whether consciously or not. It is not even necessary to verbally interact with others because your posture, facial expression, and clothes already divulge several things about your self-concept and social status. In my own everyday life, I choose to shower and wear clean clothes to communicate that I am a functioning, presentable adult to control impression formation. I smile and nod when listening to my friends or colleagues to display my interest in what they are saying and signal that it is my turn to listen. I look at the professor and take notes during class to communicate that I am paying attention and that this class is important to me. I add emojis to my texts to indicate whether I am joking or being serious. Everyday life involves countless interactions between verbal and nonverbal types of communication.

However, I have noticed that my nonverbal communication contradicts my verbal messages and needs improvement in certain instances. Sometimes, although I am interested in the content of a conversation, I often glance at my phone to check for notifications out of habit. I keep listening but automatically pull out my phone and start scrolling social media sites without fully processing what I am doing. Unfortunately, my actions and lack of eye contact communicate that I am bored, and my friends usually do not believe me if I insist that is not the case and feel disrespected. To combat this problem, in the future, I will keep my phone in my bag and commit my full attention to my friends.

Gladwell concludes that some people are better at “reading people’s thoughts just by looking at them” because of their superior nonverbal communication (Gladwell, 2002). They can analyze and detect certain facial tics or body language more quickly and effectively than others, either through intentional studying or years of subconscious experience (Gladwell, 2002). The potential benefits of this ability include better interpersonal communication in law enforcement, politics, and courtroom examination (DeVito, 2016). Gladwell cites numerous examples of psychologists recognizing that a government employee was lying or a random passerby was a dangerous criminal by analyzing nonverbal cues such as microexpressions. It could be leveraged to manipulate people and increase personal attraction and popularity in everyday life.

I believe Gladwell’s main “take-home message” about nonverbal communication is that it reveals hidden, involuntary information about the speaker and that acknowledging it is not always necessary in everyday life. Firstly, relaying information verbally requires conscious effort and indicates that we are ready to take accountability for our words; however, we cannot control our involuntary microexpressions. Confronting a person if their body language contradicts their verbal messages crosses certain boundaries and entails a specific obligation to respond. If my colleague looks miserable but tells me she is fine, it may be in my best interest to respect her privacy and pretend I believe her, so I do not have to get involved. Secondly, analyzing nonverbal cues is not an exact science and is mostly based on faith. While a psychologist may state that Philby’s reveal as a Soviet spy was predictable due to his microexpressions during court examination, his testimony could not have been used instead of hard evidence to judge him guilty. Nonverbal communication can be a useful tool but certain nuances must be taken into account.

DeVito, J. A. (2016). The interpersonal communication book (14th ed.). Pearson.

Gladwell, M. (2002). The naked face. Genius. Web.

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Home — Essay Samples — Sociology — Nonverbal Communication — Verbal And Nonverbal Communication

Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

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