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Problem Solving and Decision Making Quiz

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What is the process of decision making.

• Identifying the problem, evaluating the alternatives, and choosing a solution
• Finding the 'best' solution with respect to just one criterion
• Defining the problem, identifying the alternatives, determining the criteria, evaluating the alternatives, and choosing an alternative (correct)
• Identifying a difference between actual and desired state of affairs and taking action to resolve it

What is a single-criterion decision problem?

• A problem where the objective is to find the 'best' solution with respect to just one criterion (correct)
• A problem that involves taking action to resolve a difference
• A problem that involves identifying a difference between actual and desired state of affairs
• A problem that requires evaluating multiple alternatives

What is problem solving?

• Identifying a difference between actual and desired state of affairs and taking action to resolve it (correct)
• Defining the problem, identifying the alternatives, and determining the criteria
• Evaluating the alternatives and choosing the best one

In a multicriteria decision problem, what is the objective?

<p>To find the best solution considering all the criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a model represent in the context of decision-making?

<p>A representation of a real object or situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative in the context of decision-making?

<p>The alternative selected</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Decision making process.

• The process of decision making involves identifying a problem, gathering information, and choosing a course of action to solve the problem.

Single-Criterion Decision Problem

• A single-criterion decision problem is a type of decision problem where the choice is based on a single factor or criterion.

Problem Solving

• Problem solving is the process of identifying a problem, generating and evaluating solutions, and implementing the best solution.

Multicriteria Decision Problem

• In a multicriteria decision problem, the objective is to find the best alternative that satisfies multiple conflicting criteria.

Decision-Making Model

• A model in the context of decision-making represents a simplified representation of a real-world problem or situation.

Alternative in Decision-Making

• An alternative in the context of decision-making refers to a possible course of action or solution to a problem.

Note: These bullet points aim to provide a concise and clear summary of the key concepts related to decision making, focusing on the key facts and definitions.

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Description

Test your understanding of problem solving and decision making with this quiz. Explore the process of identifying differences and taking action to resolve them, as well as defining problems, identifying alternatives, and making decisions. This quiz covers single-criterion decision problems and more.

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• INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
• Decision-Making and Problem Solving

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Decision-Making and Problem-Solving

• Effective Decision Making
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The SkillsYouNeed Guide to Interpersonal Skills

Making decisions and solving problems are two key areas in life, whether you are at home or at work. Whatever you’re doing, and wherever you are, you are faced with countless decisions and problems, both small and large, every day.

Many decisions and problems are so small that we may not even notice them. Even small decisions, however, can be overwhelming to some people. They may come to a halt as they consider their dilemma and try to decide what to do.

Small and Large Decisions

In your day-to-day life you're likely to encounter numerous 'small decisions', including, for example:

Tea or coffee?

What shall I have in my sandwich? Or should I have a salad instead today?

What shall I wear today?

Larger decisions may occur less frequently but may include:

Should we repaint the kitchen? If so, what colour?

Should we relocate?

Should I propose to my partner? Do I really want to spend the rest of my life with him/her?

These decisions, and others like them, may take considerable time and effort to make.

The relationship between decision-making and problem-solving is complex. Decision-making is perhaps best thought of as a key part of problem-solving: one part of the overall process.

Our approach at Skills You Need is to set out a framework to help guide you through the decision-making process. You won’t always need to use the whole framework, or even use it at all, but you may find it useful if you are a bit ‘stuck’ and need something to help you make a difficult decision.

Decision Making

Effective Decision-Making

This page provides information about ways of making a decision, including basing it on logic or emotion (‘gut feeling’). It also explains what can stop you making an effective decision, including too much or too little information, and not really caring about the outcome.

A Decision-Making Framework

This page sets out one possible framework for decision-making.

The framework described is quite extensive, and may seem quite formal. But it is also a helpful process to run through in a briefer form, for smaller problems, as it will help you to make sure that you really do have all the information that you need.

Problem Solving

Introduction to Problem-Solving

This page provides a general introduction to the idea of problem-solving. It explores the idea of goals (things that you want to achieve) and barriers (things that may prevent you from achieving your goals), and explains the problem-solving process at a broad level.

The first stage in solving any problem is to identify it, and then break it down into its component parts. Even the biggest, most intractable-seeming problems, can become much more manageable if they are broken down into smaller parts. This page provides some advice about techniques you can use to do so.

Sometimes, the possible options to address your problem are obvious. At other times, you may need to involve others, or think more laterally to find alternatives. This page explains some principles, and some tools and techniques to help you do so.

Having generated solutions, you need to decide which one to take, which is where decision-making meets problem-solving. But once decided, there is another step: to deliver on your decision, and then see if your chosen solution works. This page helps you through this process.

‘Social’ problems are those that we encounter in everyday life, including money trouble, problems with other people, health problems and crime. These problems, like any others, are best solved using a framework to identify the problem, work out the options for addressing it, and then deciding which option to use.

This page provides more information about the key skills needed for practical problem-solving in real life.

Further Reading from Skills You Need

The Skills You Need Guide to Interpersonal Skills eBooks.

Develop your interpersonal skills with our series of eBooks. Learn about and improve your communication skills, tackle conflict resolution, mediate in difficult situations, and develop your emotional intelligence.

Guiding you through the key skills needed in life

As always at Skills You Need, our approach to these key skills is to provide practical ways to manage the process, and to develop your skills.

Neither problem-solving nor decision-making is an intrinsically difficult process and we hope you will find our pages useful in developing your skills.

Start with: Decision Making Problem Solving

See also: Improving Communication Interpersonal Communication Skills Building Confidence

Management of Problem Solving and Decision Making MCQ

Differences between experts and novices are almost always a function of _____..

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

Within the Six Step Decision Making Model, which step would you be most likely to use brainstorming?

When planning, you first make decisions about ______ and how you plan to meet them., within the creative process, the step in which you take a break from the process to possibly gain new insight is ______., taking plenty of time to make decisions, gather information, and analyze several alternatives is characteristic of which kind of decision making style, the group decision making method that uses a series of confidential questionnaires to refine a solution is ______., product innovation refers to ______, while process innovation refers to ______..

Correct Answer: creating new goods or services; new ways of doing things

Using the bounded rational decision-making process makes most sense when the decision is:

The devil’s advocate approach is used during which phase of the creative process, ______ are the standards an alternative must meet in order to be selected as the decision to accomplish an objective., the group decision making method that generates alternatives through the use of role playing and fantasizing is ______., the quantitative theory that is often used in service companies and focuses on waiting times is ______., what advantage exists for using the decision-making model, escalation of commitment refers to:, the decision making condition in which you do not know what the exact outcome will be is ______., a(n) ____________ decision maker likes to make quick decisions without taking the time to get the information that may be needed and without considering alternatives., the process of generating novel alternatives through role playing and______, programmed decisions that arise in recurring or routine situations, for which the decision maker should use decision rules or individual policies and procedures., the process of taking _____action to meet objectives, problem is the situation that exists whenever objectives are being met., significant decisions that arise in non ______ and non routine situations, for which the decision maker should use the decision-making model, the process of generating and evaluating alternatives using a structured ____ method., the implementation of a new idea is known as , group members focus on defending a solution while others try to come up with reasons the solution will work is known as devil's advocate approach, how many steps of the process for arriving at a decision, decision making faces 3 particular conditions :, the process of selecting a course of action that will not solve a problem, the standards that an alternative must meet to be selected as the decision that will _______the objective., creativity way of thinking that has old ideas, the approach to generating new ideas involves three stages: (1) preparation, (2)_________ (3) evaluation., consensus mapping is the process of developing group agreement on a solution to a problem, possible alternatives without evaluation this process is known as , the_______ analysis of large amounts of quantified facts to aid in maximizing decision making.

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Problem Solving and Decision Making Practice Exam Questions

Problem-solving and Decision making is used in numerous disciplines, with unique and different perspectives, and different terminologies. Problem-solving strategies are the steps that we use to find the solutions of a problem in the way to getting to one’s goal. Whereas, decision making is associated with choosing one course of action among two or more possible alternatives.

Roles and Responsilities

Some of the problem solving and decision-making techniques are as follow:

• Abstraction
• Brainstorming
• Lateral thinking
• Morphological analysis

Who should take this exam?

Candidates who wish to improve their skills, or who want to learn the basic key strategies of problem solving and decision-making that can be executed in difficult situations. Students can also take up this exam to uplift their skills and values.

Skills Required

• Communication skills
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• Interpersonal skills
• Managerial skills

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Thinking and decision-making

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Which of the following statements is true about thinking, decision making and problem solving?

Decision making is a part of problem solving - and both decision making and problem solving are examples of thinking.

Decision making is an aspect of thinking - but not part of problem solving.

Problem solving is a part of decision making - but only decision making is a true example of thinking.

Thinking, decision making and problem solving are three distinct cognitive processes with no overlap in what they do.

Mary believes that she is an excellent math student. In fact, her favorite unit is statistics. However, when she is asked to critically evaluate the data of a experiment in psychology class, she does not know how to do it. How does the Dual Process model explain this?

She has developed the System 2 thinking necessary for math class, but not for psychology class.

Her knowledge from mathematics is interfering with her knowledge in psychology.

She is not able to transfer her understanding in mathematics to a new context (situation). So, her approach to solving the problem shows System 1 thinking.

Mary's self-esteem in psychology class is interfering with her ability to solve the problem. It has nothing to do with System 1 and System 2 thinking.

If I meet two students from your school and they are brilliant psychology students, I may then conclude that your school must have an amazing psychology program. This conclusion follows a simple “rule of thumb” or a mental short-cut called a

participant bias

matching bias

When are we more likely to use System 1 thinking?

When we have practiced something a lot.

When we have too much information to process.

When the problem is highly abstract.

When we need to transfer information from one situation to another.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of System 1 thinking?

It is dependent on context - that is, environmental cues - to solve the problem.

Is able to transfer information from one situation to another.

Requires little effort.

Results in creating impressions.

Which of the following statements is true about the Wason selection task?

When people are trained in how to do the task, they no longer make errors.

People tend to be able to explain their decisions to the researcher.

People get better at the task the older they get.

People make fewer errors when the task is put into a context which they understand, rather than an abstract task.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of System 2 thinking?

It is the basis for most of our day to day decision making.

It is slow and requires conscious effort.

Is logical and less prone to error.

According to Goel et al (2000), which part of the brain may be responsible for processing abstract problems?

The temporal lobe

The frontal lobe

The parietal lobe

The hypothalamus

Which of the following is not a limitation of the Dual Process Model?

It does not explain the interaction of the two systems.

There is no biological support for a two systems approach.

It is reductionist - it does not explain the role of emotion in decision making.

The descriptors of the different systems are not well operationalized - for example, not all fast processing is System 1.

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