climate change research paper title

Climate Change Research Paper Topics

Table of contents

• 1.1 How to analyze the main points?
• 1.2 How to approach your thesis?
• 1.3 The subject of climatic changes does face opposition
• 2 Most Interesting Climate Change Topics to Write About
• 3 Simple And Easy Research Topics About Climate Change
• 4 Major Topics on Climate Change for Academic Writing
• 5 Cool Climate Change Research Topics
• 6 Conclusion

Climate change research topics are becoming critical in the modern industrialization and technological era. And that’s why it is one of the most common themes to write and discuss in numerous learning institutions.

But choosing the best topic to write  about climate warming can be pretty annoying. You must explore first and find the specific subjects that interest you. You can brainstorm and find the best titles to write about based on your exploration.

This post has been crafted to assist you in understanding climatic variation, and to provide you with the best talking points for your writing. Additionally, if you find that you need help, you can pay for a research paper to help you out.

So without any further ado, let’s begin.

How to Select the Best Climate Change Research Paper Topic?

Firstly, you should make a list of the areas within climate change that interest you. Then, you should research and identify possible sources of information related to the topics. After that, you should read and note down the relevant information from these sources. Finally, you should narrow down the topics and write my research paper on the most interesting one.

How to analyze the main points?

Before looking for climate change topics for a research paper , begin by conducting a simple analysis. This analysis has to be on the grand subject of climatic variation.

After that, focus on the domain that you find most interesting. You can consult various thesis and books along with multiple articles. Knowing how to start a research paper intro will allow you to gain more insights into your area of interest. You can start the brainstorming process according to the analysis you conducted earlier.

As we have already mentioned, there are different ways to write essays and college papers on global heating. You can either be in favor or against this issue. But it is essential that you first look at some of the factors contributing to this problem. On the other hand, you can always apply for help to our essay writer  and forget about the worries with your studies.

How to approach your thesis?

Make them see the bigger picture

People know and understand that climate warming is directly associated with pollution. But they also need to see a bigger picture here. The research paper topics and climate change topics for presentation that can work here include:

• What’s the mechanism behind the occurrence of climatic change?
• How do large corporations contribute to climate variation?
• How is deforestation associated with weather changes?
• Do our daily activities somehow contribute to temperature changes?

Focus on solutions to the contributing factors

From here, you can always focus on writing about the solutions to these problems. Your essays can provide various recommendations on how corporations and individuals can keep their environmental impact down to a minimum. Here are some interesting climate change research subjects you can write about:

• How can global corporations reduce their environmental impact?
• Examples of corporations who have successfully reduced their environmental impact.
• Can renewable energy and reforestation assist in climatic variation?
• Is weather warming an inescapable trend, or can it be reversed?

What measures have been taken?

Many countries have passed laws to control climatic variations and decrease environmental damage. And highlighting their efforts to set an example can also be the focus of your writing. Here are some titles that you can focus on:

• Popular national environmental protection policies in different parts of the world.
• Do regulations and laws influence environmental protection?
• Do environmentally-friendly policies impact businesses and individuals?
• How to measure the effectiveness of national/global policies on environmental protection?

The subject of climatic changes does face opposition

Now, despite all the evidence that global heating exists, the subject draws some opposition. Certain politicians, business personalities, and even scientists oppose this global matter, and you can also focus on this in your writing. Here are some points that you can focus on in your term paper:

• Why do people think that global heating is not real?
• Climatic changes: the ultimate proof.
• What are the benefits of the argument against climatic variations?
• Why is or why isn’t weather changes real?

Focus on the effects that have already occurred

You can also back up your argument while focusing on the effects of temperature changes already. Highlighting these points and discussing them in your climate change argumentative essay topics can also get you some extra points. For example,

• How has wildlife already been affected by climatic changes?
• What will be the consequences of these temperature changes if they continue to progress simultaneously?
• How is the air and water revolution impacting the environment?
• Why or why not can a temperature rise cause the end of life on this planet?

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Most Interesting Climate Change Topics to Write About

Can I pay for college papers ? Yes, you can. But if you want to write on your own, there are various interesting subjects. We will list them down for your convenience. Here are some of them to get you going:

• Climate change and its negative impact on cities and its solution.
• The global implications of climate change on tourism and hospitality.
• Climate change and the global security threat.
• Climate change – is capitalism an economical solution or a global problem?
• Addressing climate change and transforming the economy with global resource competition.
• Climate change and its economic cost.
• Behavioral economy and its role in climate, fossil fuels, and energy policy.
• Economic discourse and climate change.
• Climate change and the future.
• Indigenous people and climate change.
• Cost-Benefit Analysis in decreasing climate change effects.
• Asset-based community development and climate change.
• Vulnerabilities of global countries to climate change.

Simple And Easy Research Topics About Climate Change

Maybe you don’t want to get into deep science or the economic impact of climatic changes. And for that, you can keep things simple and easy. Here are some areas that are much less complex and easy to digest:

• Solving the problem of climate change with energy conservation.
• The impact of climate change on the global economy.
• Climate change and international security.
• Weather changes and their impact on the US (or any other country).
• Potential consequences of drastic temperature variations.
• Climate changes and the international collaborations to sort it out.
• The challenges that our humanity faces – are climatic changes and technology.
• Transportation’s impact on global temperature and energy consumption.
• Climate changes policy development and human rights.
• The UN and climatic variations.
• The negative impact of global warming on biodiversity.
• Does the aviation industry have to deal with climate variation?
• The theories and concepts of climatic variation governance.
• Carbon dioxide gas emissions and climate change impacts.
• How are ocean acidification and climatic variations related?
• Is geoengineering the possible weather changes response?
• The misconceptions associated with climatic changes and CO2 emissions.
• Air pollution, soil degradation, and global change.

Major Topics on Climate Change for Academic Writing

Here are some climate change title ideas to write on when discussing this issue in your academic writing:

• Is global climate change causing irregular weather patterns?
• How is climate change associated with disappearing rainforests?
• The effects of global warming on air quality in urban towns.
• Greenhouse effect and global warming and their possible health risks.
• Is climate change affecting the food chain?
• How global warming and climate change is affecting agriculture?
• How does climate change work, and how can environmental conservation help?
• Is climate change dangerous to humanity and its existence?
• How can we minimize climate change’s effects on human health?
• Does climate change affect healthcare?
• Impact of climate change on life quality in urban and rural sites.
• Does warmer temperature boost allergy-related illnesses?
• Is climate change a risk to all life on earth?
• Do climate change and global natural disasters correlate?
• Does climate change influence the population of the planet?
• Is climate change related to global warming?
• Has global warming caused extreme heating in sub-urbs?
• Do wildfires relate to climate change and global warming?
• How does climate change affect the global habitat?

Cool Climate Change Research Topics

If you want to focus on some cool climate change research topics, here are some to consider:

• Global warming is not a myth.
• Car emissions effects and temperature rise.
• Al Gore’s global warming speech.
• Climatic changes and all the seriousness associated with it.
• Climatic variations and the rising sea level across the globe.
• Effects of climatic changes on animal life.
• When nature is in agony – climate change.
• Climate change and its association with extreme weather.
• Climate change – remedies and human activities.
• Global warming is humanity’s fault.
• Climate change and the altering disease patterns.
• Does denying climate change affect animal life?
• Is climate change directly responsible for species’ extinction?
• Temperature changes and their economic, physical, and social effects.

The essay points that we have listed above work as a map. You can use this map to get all the directions for writing a classy essay on the concern of environmental changes. But make sure, to begin with, proper exploration of the grand subject. Of course, you can always use our  research paper service to receive great results in your studies.

Identify your interests, and then brainstorm your theme based on those interests. That’s the only way you will stay hooked to your essay, and that’s how you keep your readers hooked too.

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359 Climate Change Research Topics & Examples

You will notice that there are many climate change research topics you can discuss. Our team has prepared this compilation of brilliant ideas that you can use in your work.

🔝 Top-10 Climate Change Titles

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• Climate Change – Problems and Solutions
• Causes and Effects of Climate Changes
• Climate Change Causes and Predictions
• Is Climate Change a Real Threat?
• The Role of Technology in Climate Change
• Climate Change: Human Impact on the Environment
• Global Warming as Serious Threat to Humanity

Climate Change and Extreme Weather Conditions

• Climate Change Definition and Description
• Global Warming and Human Impact: Pros and Cons
• The Role of Science and Technology in International Relations Regarding Climate Change This paper examines the role of science and technology as it has been used to address the challenge of climate change, which is one of the major issues affecting the global societies today.
• Technology Influence on Climate Change Undoubtedly, global warming is a portrayal of climate change in the modern world and hence the need for appropriate interventions to foster the sustainability of the environment.
• Climate Change – Global Warming For instance, in the last one century, scientists have directly linked the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere with the increase in temperature of the earth.
• Climate Change: The Day After Tomorrow In the beginning of the film “The Day After Tomorrow”, the main character, Professor Jack Hall, is trying to warn the world of the drastic consequences of a changing climate being caused by the polluting […]
• Energy Conservation for Solving Climate Change Problem The United States Environmental Protection Agency reports that of all the ways energy is used in America, about 39% is used to generate electricity.
• Global Warming and Climate Change The author shows the tragedy of the situation with climate change by the example of birds that arrived too early from the South, as the buds begin to bloom, although it is still icy.
• Climate Change and Renewable Energy Options The existence of various classes of world economies in the rural setting and the rise of the middle class economies has put more pressure on environmental services that are highly demanded and the use of […]
• Climate Change: Mitigation Strategies To address the latter views, the current essay will show that the temperature issue exists and poses a serious threat to the planet.
• Protecting the Environment Against Climate Change The destruction of the ozone layer, which helps in filtering the excessive ray of light and heat from the sun, expose people to some skin cancer and causes drought.
• UK Climate Change Act 2008 The aim of the UK is to balance the levels of greenhouse gases to circumvent the perilous issue of climate change, as well as make it probable for people to acclimatize to an inevitable climate […]
• Climate Change: Anticipating Drastic Consequences Modern scientists focus on the problem of the climate change because of expecting the dramatic consequences of the process in the future.
• Climate Change and Threat to Animals In the coming years, the increase in the global temperatures will make many living populations less able to adapt to the emergent conditions or to migrate to other regions that are suitable for their survival.
• Tropic of Chaos: Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence The point of confluence in the cattle raids in East Africa and the planting of opium in the poor communities is the struggle to beat the effects of climatic changes.
• Personal Insight: Climate Change To my mind, economic implications are one of the most concerning because the economy is one of the pillars of modern society.
• Climate Change Affecting Coral Triangle Turtles This paper discusses the effects of climatic change on the diverse lives in the Coral Triangle. The region harbors the highest number of turtle and fish species known in the world.
• Transportation Impact on Climate Change It is apparent that the number of motor vehicles in the world is increasing by the day, and this translates to an increase in the amount of pollutants produced by the transportation industry annually.
• The Climate Change Articles Comparison In a broader sense, both articles address the concept of sustainability and the means of reinforcing its significance in the context of modern global society to prevent further deterioration of the environment from happening.
• Desert, Glaciers, and Climate Change When the wind blows in a relatively flat area with no vegetation, this wind moves loose and fine particles to erode a vast area of the landscape continuously in a process called deflation.
• Climate Change and Its Impacts on the UAE Currently, the rise in temperature in the Arctic is contributing to the melting of the ice sheets. The long-range weather forecast indicates that the majority of the coastal areas in the UAE are at the […]
• CO2 Emission and Climate Change Misconceptions However, people start to recognize the pernicious effect their actions might have on the state of our planet and want to know more about the processes that occur due to these very actions.
• The Negative Effects of Climate Change in Cities This is exemplified by the seasonal hurricanes in the USA and the surrounding regions, the hurricanes of which have destroyed houses and roads in the past.
• Threat to Biodiversity Is Just as Important as Climate Change This paper shall articulate the truth of this statement by demonstrating that threats to biodiversity pose significant threat to the sustainability of human life on earth and are therefore the protection of biodiversity is as […]
• Climate Change Impact on Bangladesh Today, there are a lot of scientists from the fields of ecology and meteorology who are monitoring the changes of climate in various regions of the world.
• Climate Change Affecting Snow Management in Ski Resorts Among the challenges might be the detection of snow accumulation in forested areas and the adaptation of the techniques to frequent, large-scale computation.
• How Aviation Impacts Climate Change A measurement of the earth’s radiation budget imbalance brought on by changes in the quantities of gases and aerosols or cloudiness is known as radiative forcing.
• The Global Warming Problem and Solution Therefore, it is essential to make radical decisions, first of all, to reduce the use of fossil fuels such as oil, carbon, and natural gas. One of the ways of struggle is to protest in […]
• Wildfires and Impact of Climate Change Climate change has played a significant role in raise the likelihood and size of wildfires around the world. Climate change causes more moisture to evaporate from the earth, drying up the soil and making vegetation […]
• The Way Climate Change Affects the Planet It can help analyze past events such as the Pleistocene ice ages, but the current climate change does not fit the criteria. It demonstrates how slower the change was when compared to the current climate […]
• Starbucks: Corporate Social Responsibility and Global Climate Change Then in the 90s and onwards to the 21st century, Starbucks coffee can be seen almost anywhere and in places where one least expects to see a Starbucks store.
• Evidence of Climate Change The primary reason for the matter is the melting of ice sheets, which adds water to the ocean. The Republic of Maldives is already starting to feel the effects of global sea-level rise now.
• Climate Change in Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi is an emirate in the country and it could suffer some of the worst effects of climate change in the UAE.
• Climate Change Impacts on the Aviation Industry The last two research questions focus on investigating the challenges experienced by stakeholders in the aviation industry in reducing the carbon blueprint of the sector and discussing additional steps the aviation industry can take to […]
• Challenges Facing Humanity: Technology and Climate Change The cost of reducing high global temperatures is a burden to people living in poor countries. Scarcity of resources is a threat existence of humanity in poor countries.
• Climate Change, Development and Disaster Risk Reduction However, the increased cases of droughts, storms, and very high rainfalls in different places are indicative of the culmination of the effects of climate change, and major disasters are yet to follow in the future.
• Climate Change: Impact of Carbon Emissions to the Atmosphere There is also the problem on the management of operations that would ensure minimization of green house gas emissions to the atmosphere.
• Climate Changes The Article “Global Warming: Neglecting the Complexities” by Stephen Schneider sets out to refute the views expressed by Bj rn Lomborg in his book “The Skeptical Environmentalist: Measuring the Real State of the World”, which […]
• Climate Change Impacts on Ocean Life The destruction of the ozone layer has led to the exposure of the earth to harmful radiation from the sun. The rising temperatures in the oceans hinder the upward flow of nutrients from the seabed […]
• Impact of Glacier Melting on Biodiversity, Water Levels, and Climate Change The summer surface melting of the ice, which enters the bed through fissures or tunnels similar to chimneys and then flows under the pressure of the ice sheet, is the most critical process.
• Climate Change and Interdisciplinary Approach Natural sciences such as physics, chemistry, and biology are essential in understanding the physical and chemical processes contributing to climate change.
• Climate Change Crisis: The Role of Responsibility McKibben is trying to make the point that people are responsible for their actions and therefore have a responsibility to act.

Climate change is believed to cause frequent and intense weather events. Floods, wildfires, extreme heat, and hurricanes occur more often than ever before. As the planet warms, the sea level rises, affecting the patterns of coastal storms. The severity of weather conditions is predicted to become stronger with time.

Climate Change Effect on Agriculture

While slight warming can help crops grow faster, the extreme conditions farmers have faced in recent years have reduced yields. Regular heat waves, droughts, and floods cause erosion and soil depletion. Climate change also puts livestock at risk by causing droughts and decreased feed quality.

Economic Impact of Climate Change

Climate change affects the cost of raw materials. Moreover, severe meteorological conditions will likely disrupt supply chains by delaying transportation and damaging factories. All this causes businesses to lose money. In addition, new regulations pose additional costs. Companies that don’t follow environmentally friendly practices may get a bad reputation and leave business.

Climate Change Impact on Bangladesh

Bangladesh was ranked among the top 10 countries at risk from climate change. In the next few decades, the sea level will rise enough to flood almost one-third of the country’s lands used for agriculture. As the coastal areas become inhabitable, people will be forced to move to the cities.

Polar Ice Cap Melting

Polar ice caps are an integral part of the planet’s ecosystem. Their slightest changes affect the climate worldwide. Melting ice caps means less surface area that can reflect solar radiation. In turn, water and land absorb more heat and raise the temperature, causing more ice to melt.

• Climate Change and Alternative Ways to Address It Climate change, which includes anomalies like droughts, severe storms, and floods, is the observed and anticipated long-term changes in the average climate and climate variability brought on by human activity.
• Climate Change: KWL Analysis and Reflection From the natural science lens, I have learned that the major distinctive trait of climate change is identified by the 1.
• Climate Change and Baseball: Bidirectional Relationship For example, in the case of baseball, the effect is bidirectional since global warming may affect the players, and this industry can impact the environment.
• Climate Change’s Impact on Winter Sports The difficulty of climate change for companies in the responsibility of large sports facilities is positioned within a broader framework of advancements.
• Climate Change Through Four Lenses of Thinking Natural science is rooted in the study of the natural and physical world. Social science studies the past and the present, but history concerns only the past.
• Integrated Remote Sensing System for Climate Change Mitigation Climate change presents a complicated global problem that requires a thorough understanding of society’s impact on the climate and the internal mechanisms in the process of climate change.
• The Climate Change Legislation In the remarks made on his official White House website, the President touted the law to be the biggest commitment that the country has demonstrated in tackling the issue of climate change.
• Human Health: Impact of Climate Change According to the International Panel on Climate Change, in order to avert catastrophic health impacts and prevent millions of climate change-related deaths, the world must limit the rise in temperature.
• Climate Change’s Impact on Ocean: Finding Solutions According to the diagram by Gattuso et al, the most successful and fast method of saving the ocean will be the protection of biota and ecosystems.
• Climate Change: Offering a Solution to the Problem We can contribute toward a sustainable future that benefits the environment and our economy by making individual decisions and supporting group initiatives.
• Impact of Food Waste on Climate Change In conclusion, I believe that some of the measures that can be taken to prevent food waste are calculating the population and their needs.
• Climate Change and Resource Sustainability in Balkan: How Quickly the Impact is Happening In addition, regarding the relief of the Balkans, their territory is dominated by a large number of mountains and hills, especially in the west, among which the northern boundary extends to the Julian Alps and […]
• Climate Change: Renewable Energy Sources Climate change is the biggest threat to humanity, and deforestation and “oil dependency” only exacerbate the situation and rapidly kill people. Therefore it is important to invest in the development of renewable energy sources.
• Climate Change and the Allegory of the Cave Plato’s allegory of the cave reflects well our current relationship with the environment and ways to find a better way to live in the world and live with it.
• Climate Change, Economy, and Environment Central to the sociological approach to climate change is studying the relationship between the economy and the environment. Another critical area of sociologists ‘ attention is the relationship between inequality and the environment.
• The Three Myths of Climate Change In the video, Linda Mortsch debunks three fundamental misconceptions people have regarding climate change and sets the record straight that the phenomenon is happening now, affects everyone, and is not easy to adapt.
• Terrorism, Corruption, and Climate Change as Threats Therefore, threats affecting countries around the globe include terrorism, corruption, and climate change that can be mitigated through integrated counter-terror mechanisms, severe punishment for dishonest practices, and creating awareness of safe practices.
• Climate Change’s Impact on Hendra Virus Transmission to humans occurs once people are exposed to an infected horse’s body fluids, excretions, and tissues. Land clearing in giant fruit bats’ habitats has exacerbated food shortages due to climate change, which has led […]
• Global Climate Change and Environmental Conservation There may be a significantly lesser possibility that skeptics will acknowledge the facts and implications of climate change, which may result in a lower desire on their part to adopt adaptation. The climate of Minnesota […]
• Beef Production’s Impact on Climate Change This industry is detrimental to the state of the planet and, in the long term, can lead to irreversible consequences. It is important to monitor the possible consequences and reduce the consumption of beef.
• Cities and Climate Change: Articles Summary The exponential population growth in the United States of America and the energy demands put the nation in a dilemma. Climate change challenges are experienced as a result of an increase in greenhouse gas emissions […]
• The Impact of Climate Change on Vulnerable Human Populations The fact that the rise in temperatures caused by the greenhouse effect is a threat to humans development has focused global attention on the “emissions generated from the combustion” of fossil fuels.
• Climate Change’s Impact on Crop Production I will address the inefficiencies of water use in our food production systems, food waste, and the impact of temperature on crop yield.
• Food Waste Management: Impact on Sustainability and Climate Change How effective is composting food waste in enhancing sustainability and reducing the effects of climate change? The following key terms are used to identify and scrutinize references and study materials.”Food waste” and sustain* “Food waste” […]
• Climate Change and Immigration Issues Due to its extensive coverage of the aspects of climate migration, the article will be significant to the research process in acquiring a better understanding of the effects of climate change on different people from […]
• Global Warming: Speculation and Biased Information For example, people or organizations that deny the extent or existence of global warming may finance the creation and dissemination of incorrect information.
• Impacts of Climate Change on Ocean The development of phytoplankton is sensitive to the temperature of the ocean. Some marine life is leaving the ocean due to the rising water temperature.
• Impact of Climate Change on the Mining Sector After studying the necessary information on the topic of sustainability and Sustainability reports, the organization was allocated one of the activities that it performs to maintain it.
• Climate Change: Historical Background and Social Values The Presidential and Congress elections in the US were usually accompanied by the increased interest in the issue of climate change in the 2010s.
• Communities and Climate Change Article by Kehoe In the article, he describes the stringent living conditions of the First Nations communities and estimates the dangers of climate change for these remote areas.
• Discussion: Reverting Climate Change Undertaking some of these activities requires a lot of finances that have seen governments setting aside funds to help in the budgeting and planning of the institutions.
• Was Climate Change Affecting Species? It was used because it helps establish the significance of the research topic and describes the specific effects of climate change on species.
• Climate Change Attitudes and Counteractions The argument is constructed around the assumption that the deteriorating conditions of climate will soon become one of the main reasons why many people decide to migrate to other places.
• How Climate Change Could Impact the Global Economy In “This is How Climate Change Could Affect the World Economy,” Natalie Marchand draws attention to the fact that over the next 30 years, global GDP will shrink by up to 18% if global temperatures […]
• Effective Policy Sets to Curb Climate Change A low population and economic growth significantly reduce climate change while reducing deforestation and methane gas, further slowing climate change. The world should adopt this model and effectively increase renewable use to fight climate change.
• Climate Change: Social-Ecological Systems Framework One of the ways to understand and assess the technogenic impact on various ecological systems is to apply the Social-Ecological Systems Framework.
• The Climate Change Mitigation Issues Indeed, from the utilitarian perspective, the current state of affairs is beneficial only for the small percentage of the world population that mostly resides in developed countries.
• The Dangers of Global Warming: Environmental and Economic Collapse Global warming is caused by the so-called ‘Greenhouse effect’, when gases in Earth’s atmosphere, such as water vapor or methane, let the Sun’s light enter the planet but keep some of its heat in.
• Aviation, Climate Change, and Better Engine Designs: Reducing CO2 Emissions The presence of increasing levels of CO2 and other oxides led to the deterioration of the ozone layer. More clients and partners in the industry were becoming aware and willing to pursue the issue of […]
• Climate Change as a Problem for Businesses and How to Manage It Additionally, some businesses are directly contributing to climate change due to a lack of measures that will minimise the emission of carbon.

Causes of Climate Change

Some experts claim that the current climate change might be a natural part of the cycle. However, it’s impossible to deny that greenhouse gas production has increased since the Industrial Revolution, speeding up the warming. The primary source of emissions is burning fossil fuels. Manufacturing goods, producing food, and using transportation are additional causes.

Climate Change Impacts on Ocean Life

Global warming is raising the average ocean temperature. This creates a cascading effect, starting with ice caps melting and raising sea levels, which means the planet absorbs more heat. In addition, warming leads to acidification that impacts ocean life. Unfortunately, this results in the loss of marine biodiversity.

Is Climate Change Affecting Animal Migrations?

Extreme weather conditions and unpredictable events affect animal migration patterns. Since over half of all species migrate, this phenomenon significantly impacts fauna. Due to the increased occurrence of hurricanes and floods, most animals go north and try to find higher ground. This puts some slower-moving species at risk.

Climate Change and the Role of Government

Implementing carbon taxes is one of the most popular methods of fighting climate change that governments use worldwide. It makes the most significant greenhouse gas producers pay for the damage they cause. Other ways of stopping climate change include international agreements, policies, and clean energy standards regarding renewable energy.

The Climate Change Mitigation Issues

The world’s dependence on fossil fuels is the biggest issue in fighting climate change. Another challenge is the increasing demand for minerals and metals, such as lithium. In addition, food systems need significant improvement, especially practices like recycling and regulating production to reduce food waste. These challenges are an opportunity for development.

• Climate Change and Disease-Carrying Insects In order to prevent the spreading of the viruses through insects, the governments should implement policies against the emissions which contribute to the growth of the insects’ populations.
• Aspects of Global Warming Global warming refers to the steadily increasing temperature of the Earth, while climate change is how global warming changes the weather and climate of the planet.
• David Lammy on Climate Change and Racial Justice However, Lammy argues that people of color living in the global south and urban areas are the ones who are most affected by the climate emergency.
• Moral Aspects of Climate Change Addresses However, these approaches are anthropocentric because they intend to alleviate the level of human destruction to the environment, but place human beings and their economic development at the center of all initiatives.
• Feminism: A Road Map to Overcoming COVID-19 and Climate Change By exposing how individuals relate to one another as humans, institutions, and organizations, feminism aids in the identification of these frequent dimensions of suffering.
• Global Warming: Moral and Political Challenge That is, if the politicians were to advocate the preservation of the environment, they would encourage businesses completely to adopt alternative methods and careful usage of resources.
• Climate Change: Inconsistencies in Reporting An alternative route that may be taken is to engage in honest debates about the issue, which will reduce alarmism and defeatism.
• Climate Change: The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident Also, I want to investigate the reasons behind the decision of the USSR government to conceal the truth and not let people save their lives.
• “World on the Edge”: Managing the Causes of Climate Change Brown’s main idea is to show the possibility of an extremely unfortunate outcome in the future as a result of the development of local agricultural problems – China, Iran, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, and others – […]
• The Straw Man Fallacy in the Topic of Climate Change The straw man fallacy is a type of logical fallacy whereby one person misrepresents their opponent’s question or argument to make it easier to respond.
• Gendering Climate Change: Geographical Insights In the given article, the author discusses the implications of climate change on gender and social relations and encourages scholars and activists to think critically and engage in debates on a global scale.
• Climate Change Impacts in Sub-Saharan Africa This is why I believe it is necessary to conduct careful, thorough research on why climate change is a threat to our planet and how to stop it.
• The Negative Results of Climate Change Climate change refers to the rise of the sea due to hot oceans expanding and the melting of ice sheets and glaciers.
• Addressing Climate Change: The Collective Action Problem While all the nations agree that climate change is a source of substantial harm to the economy, the environment, and public health, not all countries have similar incentives for addressing the problem. Addressing the problem […]
• Health Issues on the Climate Change However, the mortality rate of air pollution in the United States is relatively low compared to the rest of the world.
• Climate Change and Challenges in Miami, Florida The issue of poor environment maintenance in Miami, Florida, has led to climate change, resulting in sea-level rise, an increase of flood levels, and droughts, and warmer temperatures in the area.
• Global Perspectives in the Climate Change Strategy It is required to provide an overview of those programs and schemes of actions that were used in the local, federal and global policies of the countries of the world to combat air pollution.
• Climate Change and Role of Government He considers that the forest’s preservation is vital, as it is the wellspring of our human well-being. As such, the legislature can pass policies that would contribute to safeguarding our nation’s well-being, but they do […]
• Climate Change as Systemic Risk of Globalization However, the integration became more complex and rapid over the years, making it systemic due to the higher number of internal connections.
• Impact of Climate Change on Increased Wildfires Over the past decades, America has experienced the most severe fires in its history regarding the coverage of affected areas and the cost of damage.
• Creating a Policy Briefing Book: Climate Change in China After that, a necessary step included the evaluation of the data gathered and the development of a summary that perfectly demonstrated the crucial points of this complication.
• Natural Climate Solutions for Climate Change in China The social system and its response to climate change are directly related to the well-being, economic status, and quality of life of the population.
• Climate Change and Limiting the Fuel-Powered Transportation When considering the options for limiting the extent of the usage of fuel-powered vehicles, one should pay attention to the use of personal vehicles and the propensity among most citizens to prefer diesel cars as […]
• Climate Change Laboratory Report To determine the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causing global warming in the next ten decades, if the estimated rate of deforestation is maintained.
• Climate Change: Causes, Impact on People and the Environment Climate change is the alteration of the normal climatic conditions in the earth, and it occurs over some time. In as much as there are arguments based around the subject, it is mainly caused by […]
• Climate Change and Stabilization Wages The more the annual road activity indicates that more cars traversed throughout a fiscal year, the higher the size of the annual fuel consumption. The Carbon Capture and Storage technology can also reduce carbon emissions […]
• The Impact of Climate Change on Food Security Currently, the world is beginning to encounter the effects of the continuous warming of the Earth. Some of the heat must be reflected in space to ensure that there is a temperature balance in the […]
• Sustainability, Climate Change Impact on Supply Chains & Circular Economy With recycling, reusing of materials, and collecting waste, industries help to fight ecological issues, which are the cause of climate change by saving nature’s integrity.
• Climate Change Indicators and Media Interference There is no certainty in the bright future for the Earth in the long-term perspective considering the devastating aftereffects that the phenomenon might bring. The indicators are essential to evaluate the scale of the growing […]
• Research Driven Critique: Steven Maher and Climate Change The ravaging effects of Covid-19 must not distract the world from the impending ramifications of severe environmental and climatic events that shaped the lives of a significant portion of the population in the past year.
• Climate Change: Sustainability Development and Environmental Law The media significantly contributes to the creation of awareness, thus the importance of integrating the role of the news press with sustainability practices.
• How Climate Change Affects Conflict and Peace The review looks at various works from different years on the environment, connections to conflict, and the impact of climate change.
• Toyota Corporation: The Effects of Climate Change on the Word’s Automobile Sector Considering the broad nature of the sector, the study has taken into account the case of Toyota Motor Corporation which is one of the firms operating within the sector.
• The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture However, the move to introduce foreign species of grass such as Bermuda grass in the region while maintaining the native grass has been faced by challenges related to the fiscal importance of the production.
• Health and Climate Change Climate change, which is a universal problem, is thought to have devastating effects on human and animal health. However, the precise health effects are not known.
• The Issue of Climate Change The only confirmed facts are the impact of one’s culture and community on willingness to participate in environmental projects, and some people can refuse to join, thereby demonstrating their individuality.
• Climate Change as a Battle of Generation Z These issues have attracted the attention of the generation who they have identified climate change as the most challenging problem the world is facing today.
• Climate Change and Health in Nunavut, Canada Then, the authors tend to use strict and formal language while delivering their findings and ideas, which, again, is due to the scholarly character of the article. Thus, the article seems to have a good […]
• The Analysis of Process of Climate Change Dietz is the head of the Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity at the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.
• Polar Bear Decline: Climate Change From Pole to Pole In comparison to 2005 where five of the populations were stable, it shows that there was a decline in stability of polar bear population.

Check out the following essay ideas that will spark everyone’s interest:

• The difference between renewable and clean energy. Energy sources can be green but not renewable. For example, nuclear power doesn’t spread harmful waste if stored properly but doesn’t replenish itself. Compare different sources of energy regarding their type.
• What happens when fossil fuels are out? In the near future, some energy sources like oil and coal will run out. It’s inevitable, but people can prepare for it. What would be the best strategy? How fast can humanity switch to renewable energy sources?
• Radical changes to reduce carbon footprint. The energy sector contributes almost three-quarters of the total amount of emissions. This issue must be addressed as soon as possible to slow global warming. What would be the most significant change all countries in the world need to make?
• Solar panels in the deserts to power the whole planet: crazy idea or possible reality? Installing a field of solar panels big enough to power the entire planet seems unrealistic. However, it would require only a tiny part of the uninhabited land in Africa. Discuss this project from the perspective of physics and math

If you would like to write a paper about the effects of climate change on humanity, here are top-4 title ideas:

• People experiencing homelessness as a vulnerable group during the extreme heat waves. Climate change causes intense heat waves, especially in big cities. What does the government do to protect vulnerable groups, such as people without housing, in these conditions?
• Increased risk of allergies due to climate change. Climate change causes carbon dioxide levels to grow and temperatures to rise. In turn, this promotes airborne allergens, like ragweed pollen. Discuss what people with asthma can do to reduce risks to their health.
• Intestinal issues caused by power outages due to severe weather conditions. Weather patterns intensified by climate change trigger disruptions such as power outages. In addition, people often report intestinal and stomach illnesses after such events. Look into this issue using reliable sources.
• Can the spread of climate-sensitive diseases be reversed? Vector-borne diseases are linked to changes in humidity and temperature, which causes more drastic and widespread epidemics of illnesses, such as Lyme disease. Can preventative measures reverse this epidemic?
• Preparing for the Impacts of Climate Change The three areas of interest that this report discusses are the impacts of climate change on social, economic and environmental fronts which are the key areas that have created a lot of debate and discussion […]
• Strategy for Garnering Effective Action on Climate Change Mitigation The approach should be participatory in that every member of the community is aware of ways that leads to climate change in order to take the necessary precaution measures. Many member nations have failed to […]
• Impact of Global Climate Change on Malaria There will be a comparison of the intensity of the changes to the magnitude of the impacts on malaria endemicity proposed within the future scenarios of the climate.
• Climate Change Economics: A Review of Greenstone and Oliver’s Analysis The article by Greenstone and Oliver indicates that the problem of global warming is one of the most perilous disasters whose effects are seen in low agricultural output, poor economic wellbeing of people, and high […]
• Rainforests of Victoria: Potential Effects of Climate Change The results of the research by Brooke in the year 2005 was examined to establish the actual impacts of climate change on the East Gippsland forest, especially for the fern specie.
• Pygmy-Possum Burramys Parvus: The Effects of Climate Change The study will be guided by the following research question: In what ways will the predicted loss of snow cover due to climate change influence the density and habitat use of the mountain pygmy-possum populations […]
• Links Between Methane, Plants, and Climate Change According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, it is the anthropogenic activities that has increased the load of greenhouse gases since the mid-20th century that has resulted in global warming. It is only the […]
• United Nations Climate Change Conference In the Kyoto protocol, members agreed that nations needed to reduce the carbon emissions to levels that could not threaten the planet’s livelihoods.
• The Involve of Black People in the Seeking of Climate Change Whereas some researchers use the magnitude of pollution release as opposed to closeness to a hazardous site to define exposure, others utilize the dispersion of pollutants model to comprehend the link between exposure and population.
• Climate Change Dynamics: Are We Ready for the Future? One of the critical challenges of preparedness for future environmental changes is the uncertainty of how the climate system will change in several decades.
• How Climate Change Impacts Ocean Temperature and Marine Life The ocean’s surface consumes the excess heat from the air, which leads to significant issues in all of the planet’s ecosystems.
• Climate Change in Communication Moreover, environmental reporting is not accurate and useful since profits influence and political interference affect the attainment of truthful, objective, and fair facts that would promote efficiency in newsrooms on environmental reporting.
• Global Pollution and Climate Change Both of these works address the topic of Global pollution, Global warming, and Climate change, which are relevant to the current situation in the world.
• Climate Change: The Key Issues An analysis of world literature indicates the emergence in recent years of a number of scientific publications on the medical and environmental consequences of global climate change.
• Climate Change Is a Scientific Fallacy Even in the worst-case scenario whereby the earth gives in and fails to support human activities, there can always be a way out.
• Climate Change: Change Up Your Approach People are becoming aware of the relevance of things and different aspects of their life, which is a positive trend. However, the share of this kind of energy will be reduced dramatically which is favorable […]
• Climate Change and Economic Growth The graph displays the levels of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the years before our time with the number 0 being the year 1950.
• A Shift From Climate Change Awareness Under New President Such statements raised concerns among American journalists and general population about the future of the organization as one of the main forces who advocated for the safe and healthy environment of Americans and the global […]
• Human Influence on Climate Change Climate changes are dangerous because they influence all the living creatures in the world. Thus, it is hard to overestimate the threat for humankind the climate changes represent.
• Environmental Studies: Climate Changes Ozone hole is related to forest loss in that the hole is caused by reaction of different chemicals that are found in the atmosphere and some of these gases, for example, the carbon dioxide gas […]
• Global Warming: Negative Effects to the Environment The effect was the greening of the environment and its transformation into habitable zones for humans The second system has been a consequence of the first, storage.
• Global Warming Problem Overview: Significantly Changing the Climate Patterns The government is not in a position to come up with specific costs that are attached to the extent of environmental pollution neither are the polluters aware about the costs that are attached to the […]
• Global Change Biology in Terms of Global Warming A risk assessment method showed that the current population could persist for at least 2000 years at hatchling sex ratios of up to 75% male.
• The Politics of Climate Change, Saving the Environment In the first article, the author expresses his concern with the problem of data utilization on climate change and negative consequences arising from this.
• Maize Production and Climate Change in South Africa Maize farming covers 58% of the crop area in South Africa and 60% of this is in drier areas of the country.
• Global Warming Issues Review and Environmental Sustainability Whether it is the melt down of Arctic ice, the damage of the Ozone layer, extra pollution in developing countries; all sums up to one thing in common and that is global warming.
• Neolithic Revolution and Climate Change At the primary stage of the evolution of human civilization, the rise of agriculture in the later part of stone age, also known as the Neolithic Revolution, was ultimately necessary to keep pace with the […]
• Global Warming: Ways to Help End Global Warming An innovative understanding of global warming has included it in the agenda of firms and governments. 5 trillion dollars are shouldering the responsibility of collecting and distributing information on the firms’ exposure to carbon emission-related […]
• Biofuels and Climate Change Developed countries are in the forefront to promote biofuels as a solution to the oil crisis and to a broader sense, the food crisis.
• The Influence of Global Warming and Pollution on the Environment This essay is going to address global warming from a psychological point of view with an emphasis on the psychological and social reasons that make it important to tackle this problem which is threatening the […]
• How Global Warming Has an Effect on Wildlife? According to one of the most detailed ecological studies of climate change, global warming is already directly affecting the lives of animals and plants living in various habitats across the world.
• Climate Change Risks in South Eastern Australia Some of the risks for agribusinesses in southeastern Australia are as discussed below Impacts on Australian agriculture of anticipated climate change are likely to be spatially and chronologically diverse, with many areas likely to experience […]
• The Politics and Economics of International Action on Climate Change The most important question is not whether nations can afford the cost and the risks incurred in reducing the emissions, but whether they can fail to act on the problem of emissions by way of […]
• Climate Change: Influence on Lifestyle in the Future My driving habits will change when the climate changes, and I will have to drive less, even though it can be avoided if environment-friendly cars are used.
• Global Warming and Effects Within 50 Years Global warming by few Scientists is often known as “climate change” the reason being is that according to the global warming is not the warming of earth it basically is the misbalance in climate.
• Climate Change During Socialism and Capitalistic Epochs The exclusion of utopian component of the first epoch socialism leading to capitalistic epoch is responsible for the current state of affairs in climate change hence creating the need for second epoch socialism Climate change […]
• Climate Change and Public Health Policies The US is one of the front emitters of carbon dioxide in the world and the current policies of the federal government that led to withdrawal from the Paris Agreement only worsen the situation.
• Global Warming: Causes and Consequences Other definitions of global warming are “the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans since the mid-twentieth century and its projected continuation”.
• World Trade as the Adjustment Mechanism of Agriculture to Climate Change by Julia & Duchin The significant value of the article under consideration consists in the authors’ presenting a new methodological framework for the evaluation of a trade as the stated mechanism and its use for analysis of changes in […]
• Chad Frischmann: The Young Minds Solving Climate Change In this article, the author is mainly interested in persuading the reader to take action to resolve the climate change problem concerning the contribution of younger generations in this process.

Is Climate Change a Scientific Deception?

Despite the growing scientific evidence that global warming is real, some people still don’t believe it. They try to create controversy by bringing up unsupported arguments. For example, this community denies the role of humans in climate change and diminishes its adverse effects. The phenomenon is called climate change denial.

Wildfires and the Impact of Climate Change

Global warming leads to more heat waves, which dry out the soil and leaves and cause longer wildfire seasons. A lack of moisture and earlier spring melting also contribute to the issue because they reduce the amount of water available during summer.

How Does Overpopulation Influence Climate Change?

The main way overpopulation contributes to climate change is through resource demand. An increasing population means the need for more food, water, and energy. Agriculture expansion requires more land, which means deforestation. At the same time, vehicles and factories need fossil fuels that release carbon dioxide. All this contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate crisis.

Communication and Climate Change

Climate change communication aims to educate people about environmental issues and prompt them to take action. It is a field that raises discussion about the causes and effects of global warming. The experts’ primary concern is the barriers to understanding and creating change. Climate communication is developing new ways of talking to the audience.

Can People Lower the Global Temperature?

The biggest change people can make to help global warming is to switch to green and renewable energy sources. Burning fossil fuels is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, so using solar power would help. Reducing waste and planting more trees is something everyone can try to achieve.

• Public Health Education on Climate Change Effects
• Research Plan “Climate Change”
• Diets and Climate Change
• The Role of Human Activities on the Climate Change
• Climate Change Factors and Countermeasures
• Climate Change Effects on Population Health
• Climate Change: Who Is at Fault?
• Technological and Policy Solutions to Prevent Climate Change
• Climate Change: Reducing Industrial Air Pollution
• Global Climate Change and Biological Implications
• Weather Abnormalities and Climate Change
• Global Warming, Its Consequences and Prevention
• Climate Change and Risks for Business in Australia
• Climate Change Solutions for Australia
• “Climate Change May Destroy Alaskan Towns” Video
• Climate Change Effects on Kenya’s Tea Industry
• Environmental Perils: Climate Change Issue
• Technologically Produced Emissions Impact on Climate Change
• Climate Change and American National Security
• Climate Change, Air Pollution, Soil Degradation
• Climate Change in Canada
• Polar Transformations as a Global Warming Issue
• Moral Obligations to Climate Change and Animal Life
• Technology’s Impact on Climate Change
• Global Warming and Climate Change: Fighting and Solutions
• Climate Change Debates and Scientific Opinion
• Earth’s Geologic History and Global Climate Change
• Geoengineering as a Possible Response to Climate Change
• Global Warming: People Impact on the Environment
• Climate Change as International Issue
• Climate Change for Australian Magpie-Lark Birds
• Climate Change Effects on Ocean Acidification
• Climate Change Governance: Concepts and Theories
• Climate Change’s Negative Impact on Biodiversity
• United Nation and Climate Change
• Human Rights and Climate Change Policy-Making
• Climate Change: Anthropological Concepts and Perspectives
• Climate Change Impacts on Business in Bangladesh
• Pollution & Climate Change as Environmental Risks
• Climate Change: Nicholas Stern and Ross Garnaut Views
• Climate Change Potential Consequences
• Climate Change in United Kingdom
• Climate Change From International Relations Perspective
• Climate Change and International Collaboration
• International Security and Climate Change
• Climate Change Effects on World Economy
• Global Warming and Climate Change
• Responsible Factors for Climate Change
• Organisational Sustainability and Climate Change Strategy
• The Effect of Science on Climate Change
• “Climate Change: Turning Up the Heat” by Barrie Pittock
• Vulnerability of World Countries to Climate Change
• The Implementation of MOOCs on Climate Change
• The Climate Change and the Asset-Based Community Development
• Global Warming and Its Effects on the Environment
• Climate Change Research Studies
• Environmental Issue – Climate Change
• Climate Change Negative Health Impacts

If you’re struggling to come up with new ideas for climate change essay topics, here’s a list of ideas for your inspiration:

• Policies related to climate change aren’t strict enough. Large businesses keep up with large amounts of emissions despite all the fees and policies against them. Will more restrictions help them switch to more environmentally friendly methods?
• Science has more arguments against climate change deniers. Many people believe global warming is a faux. However, the growing base of evidence proves them wrong. Compare the arguments of both sides.
• Reversing climate change: positive changes in the ozone hole. The worst state of the ozone hole was registered at the beginning of the 21st century. 20 years later, the hole has shrunk after many changes towards environmentally friendly practices. What should we do to keep up with the positive changes? How long will it take to reverse the damages from climate change completely?
• Teaching individual responsibility from kindergarten age . Significant changes start from every person individually. People should understand it and learn responsibility for the planet’s well-being from a young age. What should children learn about climate change in kindergarten and school?
• Early Climate Change Science
• Climate Change and Corporate World
• Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) in Reducing the Effects of Climate Change
• Introduction to Climate Change: Major Threats and the Means to Avoid Them
• Climate Change and Its Effects on Indigenous Peoples
• Asian Drivers of Global Change
• The Causes and Effects of Climate Change in the US
• Metholdogy for Economic Discourse Analysis in Climate Change
• The Impact of Climate Change on New Hampshire Business
• Climate Change Effects on an Individual’s Life in the Future
• The Role of Behavioural Economics in Energy and Climate Policy
• The Economic Cost of Climate Change Effects
• Climate Change: Is Capitalism the Problem or the Solution?
• Climate Change: Floods in Queensland Australia
• Climate Change as a Global Security Threat
• Climate Change and Its Effects on Tourism in Coastal Areas
• Impact of Climate Change and Solutions
• Climate Change and Its Global Implications in Hospitality and Tourism
• Climate Change Needs Human Behavior Change
• Negative Impacts of Climate Change in the Urban Areas and Possible Strategies to Address Them
• The United Nation’s Response to Climate Change
• Critical Review: “Food’s Footprint: Agriculture and Climate Change” by Jennifer Burney
• Global Warming: Justing Gillis Discussing Studies on Climate Change
• The Key Drivers of Climate Change
• Economics and Human Induced Climate Change
• Biology of Climate Change
• Business & Climate Change
• Global Warming Causes and Unfavorable Climatic Changes
• Spin, Science and Climate Change
• Climate Change, Coming Home: Global Warming’s Effects on Populations
• Social Concepts and Climate Change
• Climate Change and Human Health
• Climate Change: The Complex Issue of Global Warming
• Climate Changes: Human Activities and Global Warming
• Tourism and Climate Change Problem
• Public Awareness of Climate Changes and Carbon Footprints
• Problems of Climate Change
• Solving the Climate Change Crisis Through Development of Renewable Energy
• Climate Change Is the Biggest Challenge in the World That Affects the Flexibility of Individual Specie
• Ways to Reduce Global Warming
• Saving the Forest and Climate Changes
• Anthropogenic Climate Change
• Climate Change Definition and Causes
• Climate Change: Nearing a Mini Ice Age
• Global Warming Outcomes and Sea-Level Changes
• Climate Change: Causes and Effects
• China Climate Change
• Protecting Forests to Prevent Climate Change
• Climate Change in Saudi Arabia and Miami
• Effects of Global Warming on the Environment

You can use the following titles as examples if you’re out of ideas:

• Clean energy and business: can environmentally-friendly practices be profitable? Big corporations stick to the old-fashioned ways of powering their factories because it’s cheap. But can clean and green energy be profitable? Can people build businesses and save the planet at the same time?
• How do big corporations handle environmental regulations? Decision-making is already a difficult task for corporations controlling the market, and climate change regulations are adding extra work. What changes do they make? How does it affect the business?
• Environmentally friendly investors are the new climate activists. More and more investors are implementing eco-friendly ideas in corporations. Discuss how they can help change global warming issues by investing.
• Should people cancel greenwashing corporations? Greenwashing has become a new way for big corporations to follow climate change regulations while still gaining new customers. Talk about why it’s not the same as being environmentally friendly.
• Does Climate Change Affect Entrepreneurs?
• Does Climate Change Information Affect Stated Risks of Pine Beetle Impacts on Forests
• Does Energy Consumption Contribute to Climate Change?
• Does Forced Solidarity Hinder Adaptation to Climate Change?
• Does Risk Communication Really Decrease Cooperation in Climate Change Mitigation?
• Does Risk Perception Limit the Climate Change Mitigation Behaviors?
• What Are the Differences Between Climate Change and Global Warming?
• What Are the Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture in North East Central Europe?
• What Are the Policy Challenges That National Governments Face in Addressing Climate Change?
• What Are the Primary Causes of Climate Change?
• What Are the Risks of Climate Change and Global Warming?
• What Does Climate Change Mean for Agriculture in Developing Countries?
• What Drives the International Transfer of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies?
• What Economic Impacts Are Expected to Result From Climate Change?
• What Motivates Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change?
• What Natural Forces Have Caused Climate Change?
• What Problems Are Involved With Establishing an International Climate Change?
• What Role Has Human Activity Played in Causing Climate Change?
• Which Incentives Does Regulation Give to Adapt Network Infrastructure to Climate Change?
• Why Climate Change Affects Us?
• Why Does Climate Change Present Potential Dangers for the African Continent?
• Why Economic Analysis Supports Strong Action on Climate Change?
• Why Should People Care For the Perceived Event of Climate Change?
• Why the Climate Change Debate Has Not Created More Cleantech Funds in Sweden?
• Why Worry About Climate Change?
• Will African Agriculture Survive Climate Change?
• Will Carbon Tax Mitigate the Effects of Climate Change?
• Will Climate Change Affect Agriculture?
• Will Climate Change Cause Enormous Social Costs for Poor Asian Cities?
• Will Religion and Faith Be the Answer to Climate Change?

Here’s some advice on how to create a good title:

• Write your essay first. Building an argument and thesis statement are the steps that make the foundation for your title, so it’s best to take your time.
• Use your thesis as the basis for the title. It will better reflect your main idea.
• Take popular phrases as inspiration. Your title is the hook for your readers, so consider using idiomatic phrases they can relate to and get interested in your essay.
• Choose the appropriate tone. Serious scientific essays don’t go well with the informal style of the title and vice versa.

Here are some model essay titles you can use as inspiration:

• The Biggest Challenges of Adapting to Climate Change.
• What Renewable Energy Solutions Can We Expect in the Next 100 Years?
• Politics vs. Climate Change: How International Negotiations Get in the Way of Global Warming Solutions.
• Solutions to the Declining Biodiversity Due to Climate Change.

A climate change essay is familiar to most students who learn biology, ecology, and politics. In order to write a great essay on climate change, you need to explore the topic in great detail and show your understanding of it.

This article will provide you with some key points that you could use in your paper to make it engaging and compelling.

First of all, explore the factors contributing to climate change. Most people know that climate change is associated with pollution, but it is essential to examine the bigger picture. Consider the following questions:

• What is the mechanism by which climate change occurs?
• How do the activities of large corporations contribute to climate change?
• Why is the issue of deforestation essential to climate change?
• How do people’s daily activities promote climate change?

Secondly, you can focus on solutions to the problems outlined above.

Climate change essay topics often provide recommendations on how individuals and corporations could reduce their environmental impact. These questions may help to guide you through this section:

• How can large corporations decrease the influence of their operations on the environment?
• Can you think of any examples of corporations who have successfully decreased their environmental footprint?
• What steps can people take to reduce pollution and waste as part of their daily routine?
• Do you believe that trends such as reforestation and renewable energy will help to stop climate change? Why or why not?
• Can climate change be reversed at all, or is it an inescapable trend?

In connection with these topics, you could also discuss various government policies to address climate change. Over the past decades, many countries enacted laws to reduce environmental damage. There are plenty of ideas that you could address here:

• What are some famous national policies for environmental protection?
• Are laws and regulations effective in protecting the environment? Why or why not?
• How do environmentally-friendly policies affect individuals and businesses?
• Are there any climate change graphs that show the effectiveness of national policies for reducing environmental damage?
• How could government policies on climate change be improved?

Despite the fact that there is definite proof of climate change, the concept is opposed by certain politicians, business persons, and even scientists.

You could address the opposition to climate change in your essay and consider the following:

• Why do some people think that climate change is not real?
• What is the ultimate proof of climate change?
• Why is it beneficial for politicians and business persons to argue against climate change?
• Do you think that climate change is a real issue? Why or why not?

The impact of ecological damage on people, animals, and plants is the focus of most essay titles on global warming and climate change. Indeed, describing climate change effects in detail could earn you some extra marks. Use scholarly resources to research these climate change essay questions:

• How has climate change impacted wildlife already?
• If climate change advances at the same pace, what will be the consequences for people?
• Besides climate change, what are the impacts of water and air pollution? What does the recent United Nations report on climate change say about its effects?
• In your opinion, could climate change lead to the end of life on Earth? Why or why not?

Covering at least some of the points discussed in this post will help you write an excellent climate change paper! Don’t forget to search our website for more useful materials, including a climate change essay outline, sample papers, and much more!

• Flood Essay Topics
• Ecosystem Essay Topics
• Atmosphere Questions
• Extinction Research Topics
• Desert Research Ideas
• Greenhouse Gases Research Ideas
• Recycling Research Ideas
• Water Issues Research Ideas
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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• Climate Essay Topics Topics: 239
• Global Warming Paper Topics Topics: 178
• Water Pollution Research Topics Topics: 54
• Deforestation Paper Topics Topics: 60
• Air Pollution Essay Topics Topics: 117
• Recycling Topics Topics: 122
• Pollution Research Topics Topics: 231
• Biodiversity Paper Topics Topics: 58
• Earthquake Essay Topics Topics: 107
• Renewable Energy Paper Topics Topics: 117
• Solar Energy Paper Topics Topics: 55
• Alternative Energy Paper Topics Topics: 91
• Dump Research Topics Topics: 47
• Ecosystem Essay Topics Topics: 71
• Hurricane Research Topics Topics: 135

311 Climate Change Essay Topics

Looking for fresh and original climate change titles for your assignment? Look no further! Check out this list of excellent climate change topics for essays, research papers, and presentations. Need some additional inspiration? Click on the links to access helpful climate change essay samples!

🏆 Best Climate Change Essay Topics 2024

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• The Problem of Global Warming and Ways of Its Solution
• Environmental Health Theory and Climate Change
• Climate Change: The Impact of Technology
• Food Security: The Impact of Climate Change
• Global Warming and Ozone Depletion
• How Global Warming Affects Wildlife
• Causes of Climate Change and Ways to Reduce It
• Tree Planting and Climate Change Climate change has serious effects on the environment and the existence of living organisms.Tree planting is an effective strategy of ameliorating climate change.
• Al Gore’s Speech on Global Warming Using two essential constituents of a subtle rhetoric analysis for speech or text, the paper scrutinizes Al Gore’s speech on global warming.
• Climate Change and Future Generations The consequences of global warming can be extremely dire for future generations. Temperature, if increased by one and a half degrees, will push natural systems to a turning point.
• Climate Change Impacts on Oceans The consequences of climate change on seawater have had harmful impacts, including irreversible damage to the water’s natural environment and ecological system.
• Climate Change Impacts It is doubtless that global change has become one the challenges, which encompasses a wide range of human life, including social and economical aspects of human life.
• Global Warming is Not a Myth All facts points out that the ranging debate on whether global warming is a myth or reality has been squarely won by the global warming proponents.
• Investing in Climate Change vs. Space Exploration Efforts aimed at investing in climate change versus outer space exploration will be compared in this essay, and their consequences will be analyzed.
• How Climate Change Impacts Aviation The issue of climate change and its impact on the aviation industry has been a developing story lately due to the two-way relationship between them.
• Global Warming: Myth or Reality? Global warming can be described as a progressive increase in the earth’s temperature as a result of a trap to greenhouse gases within its atmosphere.
• Extreme Weather and Global Warming The Global warming is a bad phenomenon that is causing to see level raise, change weather pattern, and create alteration in animal life.
• Fast Fashion and Its Impacts on Global Warming Fast fashion contributes to this change in weather conditions due to its improper disposal, leading to the release of emissions into the atmosphere, thus causing global warming.
• Climate Change and Corporate Responsibility The problem of climate change is not new, but it becomes more and more crucial nowadays. The first changes in climate were observed during the industrial period, from the 1750s.
• Electric Vehicles and Their Impact on Climate Change Internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) that have dominated the market over the recent decades are now giving way to electric vehicles (EV) experiencing rapid growth.
• How Climate Changes Affect Coastal Areas Natural disasters and hazards caused by climate change are especially the cases during modern times, as the number of toxic substances and polluting elements is increasing every year.
• Climate Change and Global Warming Global warming is a subject that has elicited a heated debate for a long time. This debate is commonplace among scholars and policy makers.
• Effects of Global Warming: Essay Example According to environmentalists and other nature conservatives, Africa would be the worst hit continent by the effects of global warming despite emitting less greenhouse gases.
• Solving the Climate Change Crisis by Using Renewable Energy Sources Climate change has caused extreme changes in temperature and weather patterns on planet Earth, thus threatening the lives of living organisms.
• Global Warming Effects on the Environment and Animals Global warming is a threat to the survival and well-being of human and animal life. This discussion aims to provide the effects of the current global warming threats.
• How Climate Change Increases the Risk of Hurricanes Hurricanes generate significant financial loss particularly in areas with a high degree of development activities.
• The Problem of Climate Change in the 21st Century Climate change is among the top threats facing the world in the 21st century, and it deserves prioritization when planning how to move the country and the globe forward.
• Climate Change Policies and Regulation The current changes in climate patterns have attracted attention from researchers and institutions as they endeavor to formulate and implement policies.
• Energy Crisis and Climate Change The global community needs to adopt an energy efficient behavior and invest in the exploration of sustainable energy resources.
• How Human Activities Cause Climate Change Scientists and various leaders globally have seriously debated the causes of climate change. This essay involves a discussion of how human activities cause climate change.
• Social Issue: Climate Change The topic of climate change was chosen to learn more in the modern sense about the phenomenon that most people have heard about for decades.
• Security and Climate Change Climate change has been happening at an unprecedented rate over the last decade to become a major global concern.
• Climate Change and Tesla’s Electric Cars The paper discusses environmental sustainability. Using Tesla company electric vehicles is the best decision for tackling the climate change problem.
• Journal and Newspaper Collection on Global Warming This paper comments on Journal/ newspaper article on global warming from major newspapers and journals around the world
• Car Emission Effects on Global Warming Car emissions are expected to aid policy makers in national governments, automobile manufacturers, fuel industry CEOs and city planners.
• Global Warming Causes and Impacts This paper endeavors to delineate the history of global warming, the causality and every potential revelation towards diminution of the impacts of global warming.
• Water Scarcity as Effect of Climate Change Climate change is the cause of variability in the water cycle, which also reduces the predictability of water availability, demand, and quality, aggravating water scarcity.
• Climate Change in Terms of Project Management The primary aim of the following paper is to define the notion of climate change in terms of project management, risk management, and business communication.
• The Effect of Climate Change on the Environment The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the influence of humans’ activity on the environment has caused drastic climate change, and how climate change affects the environment.
• Greenhouse Effect as a Cause of Global Warming The report serves an informative function and is designed to explore the nature of global warming through the greenhouse effect.
• Climate Change in Africa and How to Address It According to environmental scientists, Africa is exposed to the effects of climatic alterations subject to its elevated levels of poverty, and dependence on rain-fed farming.
• Climate Change: The Negative Effects Climate change impacts the world through weather changes. Extreme weather events are becoming more common and more severe. Climate change is also causing the ocean to acidify.
• Climate Change Threats to Global Hospitality Industry Climate change is a growing threat to the global hospitality industry, and humanity must take action to mitigate its impact.
• Climate Change as a Global Problem One of the global problems of our time is global warming. This problem is relevant not in any particular country but all over the world.
• Solubility of Carbon Dioxide Related to Climate Change The solubility of carbon dioxide is directly related to climate change because oceans absorb excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
• Climate Change as an Ethical Issue Although global warming is a hotly debated topic, some groups claim that the issue is not as acute as it is presented.
• Philosophers’ Theories on Climate Change The paper demonstrates two philosophers’ theories on climate change, namely Laura Westra and Graham Long. The thoughts and ideas are evaluated by using a hypothetical situation.

Below, you will find some engaging questions on climate change that can serve as the basis for your future essay!

What Are the 5 Worst Effects of Climate Change?

Nowadays, the effects of climate change have become more noticeable than ever. Severe storms, increased drought, and biodiversity loss result from rapid warming. Other disturbing aftermath of climate change are the global rise in hunger and air pollution.

What Are the Ways to Stop Climate Change?

Combating climate change requires a versatile approach not only from the government but from each of us. Investing in renewable energy and reducing plastic usage are just a few methods that may be useful in diminishing severe weather consequences. Still, the most practical way to stop climate change is to promote individual responsibility for the environmental impact.

Does Global Warming Cause Climate Change?

Global warming is a prior driver of climate change. However, it refers only to the rise in the Earth’s average temperature, whereas climate change includes warming and its “side effects.” For example, melting glaciers, rising sea levels, etc. In other words, global warming is a sign of a much more extensive problem — human-caused climate change.

What Is the Future of Climate Change?

Climate change affects terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems all over the world. Future warming will make these impacts even worse. If our society does not act decisively today, we will soon face more and more extreme weather events.

Who Is Most Affected by Climate Change?

Climate change consequences primarily influence marginalized populations, including women, children, ethnic minorities, migrants, seniors, and those with underlying health conditions. Furthermore, certain countries, such as Chad, Somalia, and Syria, are particularly vulnerable to the devastating impacts of climate-related disasters.

• Impact of Climate Change on Property Development and Management This essay will focus on the BBC article, COP26 promises could limit global warming to 1.8C, with a specific focus on the impact of climate change on property development.
• Climate Change Prediction for the Caribbean Climate change can be defined as the global spectacle of climate alteration described by the earth’s natural climate variations due to human activities.
• Climate Change and Environmental Anxiety Individuals must develop a strategy to be able to resist climate change. In addition, there is a need for a global plan to restrain the influence of global warming.
• The Global Impact of Climate Change Into Our Homes and Families A home is a significant part of someone’s life. That’s why it is always considered as part of basic needs. They give people a sense of belonging and security.
• “The Basics of Climate Change” Blog The author of “The Basics of Climate Change” reveals the main concepts about the balance between the input and output of energy on Earth that directly relate to the climate.
• Human Impact on the Environment Leading to Climate Change An elevated amount of greenhouse gases results in the retention of solar energy in the low levels of the atmosphere, which in turn brings to the melting of glaciers.
• It’s Not My Fault: Global Warming and Moral Responsibility The work of the American professor of ethical sciences Sinnott-Armstrong approaches the phenomenon of global warming in terms of individual and collective responsibility.
• Climate Change and Social Responsibility in the UAE The UAE is rapidly developing for several decades already, which has a positive influence on the well-being of the population.
• Global Warming as a Humanity’s Fault: Activities Triggering Disasters World leaders were forced to hold discussions in Kigali, Rwanda, in late 2016 to establish a deal addressing mechanisms to be adopted to curb global warming.
• Climate Change: A Global Concern The phenomenon of climate change has attracted a notable amount of attention, the early 1990s being the point at which the phenomenon in question became a worldwide concern.
• Climate Change and Global Warming Awareness If people continue to have misconceptions about global warming, climate change will negatively impact weather, food security, and biodiversity.
• Global Warming and Business Ethics Business ethics is significant in promoting effective industrial activities that promote environmental conservation and reduce global warming.
• Climate Change from Different Perspectives The climate change situation has two types of responses, with one camp making deliberate efforts to minimize the impact of climate change and others ignoring the issue altogether.
• Discussion of Impact of Climate Change in Society Modern scholars and environmentalists acknowledge that climate change is a major challenge affecting the global society today.
• Global Warming: “Hopeful Lessons From the Battle to Save Rainforests” The “Hopeful lessons from the battle to save rainforests” video proposes several solutions to deforestation and global warming.
• Climate Change and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Climate change is in large part caused by human action, and the continued industrial development of the world can be accredited to exacerbating the problem further than ever.
• The Impact of Climate Change on the United States Climate change is a serious issue faced by the United States, and it has various effects, including in the spheres of economy, animal habitat, and health of the population.
• Global Warming From a Social Studies Perspective The inability to find a balance between human needs and the consequences of their realization for the environment leads to conflict resulting in global warming.
• Global Warming: Issue Analysis Global warming is a term commonly used to describe the consequences of man- made pollutants overloading the naturally-occurring greenhouse gases causing an increase of the average global temperature.
• Global Warming: Causes and Consequences Global warming is the result of high levels of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and ozone) in the earth’s atmosphere.
• Ecofeminism: Women Against Climate Change Ecofeminism is one of the essential trends of coherent society that includes many ideas and concepts prevalent in the modern world.
• Climate Change and Related Issues in Canada The essay argues that modern sources of scientific knowledge about climate change can drastically change people’s attitudes to an eco-friendly lifestyle.
• Climate Changes Impact on Agriculture and Livestock The project evaluates the influences of climate changes on agriculture and livestock in different areas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• Global Warming Challenges Solving in General Electric Environmental solutions that favor the growth of the company rather than social responsibility drive the decisions and policies of the company.
• Climate Change and Its Evidence The review of common claims about global warming made it possible to say that in spite of some skeptical opinions, it might be really happening.
• Multinational Corporations and Climate Change The current essay revolves around the topic of climate change and economic activities. In the essay, the author focuses on MNCs and their role in environmental conservation.
• The Effect of Global Warming and the Future Global warming effects are the social and environmental changes brought-about by the increase in global temperatures.
• Questions on Information Revolution and Global Warming The information revolution characterizes the period of change propelled by the development of computer technology. Technological advancements impact people’s lives.
• The Climate Change Issue in the Political Agenda One of the significant challenges modern societies have in combating the harmful impacts of climate change is the political agenda, which obscures the more comprehensive picture.
• Climate Change and Environmental Degradation Creating a planning model for climate change and environmental degradation requires a comprehensive approach that considers multiple factors.
• Climate Change and Resource Scarcity The paper states that Sustainable Development Goal 13, Climate Action, is the United Nations’ goal to take urgent action to combat climate change.
• Is the Threat of Global Warming Real? Increases in Earth’s average temperature over an extended period are called global warming. Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere have recently increased.
• Climate Change Threats in Public Perception Diverse social, economic, ecological, and geopolitical variables that operate on multiple scales contribute to different levels of human vulnerability to climate change threats.
• The Key to Addressing Climate Change in Modern Business Globalisation, industrialisation, and rise of global corporations promoted the increased topicality of the climate change topic and its transformation into a shared problem.
• Overpopulation, Climate Change, and Security Issues This research paper examines such social and environmental issues as overpopulation, urbanization, climate change, food security, and air pollution.
• Climate Change as a Healthcare Priority Human-caused climate change significantly impacts the ecological situation and many areas of human life, such as health care.
• Climate Change: Nature Communications Climate change is one of the main concerns in contemporary global society. This subject is an issue of great contention, with different sides disagreeing.
• Global Warming: Understanding Causes of Event Global warming is a phenomenon characterized by the gradual increase of the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere.
• Climate Change and Its Impact on the Weather Climate change is a serious issue nowadays, considering that it is bound to affect my generation and the next ones.
• Climate Change: Impact on Lemurs Climate change and other environmental issues severely impact the lifestyle and behaviors of lemurs. High temperatures make lemurs spend more time on the ground.

In an argumentative essay on climate change, you should use evidence from reputable sources to defend your position. For instance, you can utilize NASA Open Data Portal to demonstrate the rise in global temperatures over the past century. Other reliable sources include IPCC reports or scholarly journals like Nature .

Below, we have prepared examples of climate change argument topics and possible supporting points you can use for each of them:

• Climate change contributed to the destructiveness of Hurricane Sandy, which resulted in $71 billion in damages in 2012.
• Global warming threatens access to water, food, and energy.
• Low- and middle-income countries are the most affected by climate-driven migration and displacement of vulnerable groups.
• According to IRENA , society should reduce annual CO2 emissions by 70% by 2050, and renewable energy can significantly help achieve that goal.
• Renewable sources can help countries achieve energy independence.
• Alternative energy has a minimal environmental impact.
• The Green Deal promotes a shift toward renewable energy, which is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• It aims to create new job opportunities in the green sector.
• The Green Deal can foster international cooperation on climate change.
• The need to preserve the planet for future generations is urgent.
• Modern society is responsible for repairing environmental damage caused by previous generations.
• People have a moral obligation to guarantee justice for everyone affected by climate change.
• In 2021, 23% of US greenhouse gas emissions came from industry.
• Companies have the power and resources to drive a large-scale change.
• According to the UN, a clean and healthy environment is a fundamental human right , and companies are morally obliged to respect this right.
• The Effect of Climate Change on Weather Climate change is resulting in weather extremes that are affecting millions of people around the world in recent times.
• Climate Change: Impact on Extreme Weather Events The article summarizes the scientific paper on the impact of climate change on extreme weather events worldwide.
• Climate Change: Causes, Dynamics, and Effects It is crucial to provide a description of the problem of the climate crisis, its causes and effects, and possible prevention measures.
• Ethical, Moral, and Christian Views on Climate Change Strategies Climate change strategies pose ethical, moral, and religious concerns that influence people to bring change and conserve the environment.
• The History of Climate Change and Global Warming Issue The paper states that the history of climate change and the solutions communities opted for are critical to tackling the current global warming issue.
• Greenpeace’s Climate Change Article Review The article What Are the Solutions to Climate Change by Greenpeace explains the ways climate change can be resolved while using comprehensive terms and being concise.
• Worldwide Effects of Global Warming The article conveys Trenberth’s message about the far-reaching implications of global warming on climate and the urgent need for collective action to address its consequences.
• Climate Change and Health: Public Health Human activity influences the environment in various ways, from climate change acceleration to the increasing deforestation that can cause another global pandemic.
• Global Warming and Climate Change and Their Impact on Humans Climate change and global warming are significant issues with negative impacts on all aspects of human life; for example, they disrupt the food web, hurting humans and wildlife.
• Earth Day and the Climate Change Agenda This research paper examines the social significance and ecological value of Earth Day in the face of the climate change agenda.
• The Earth Day and Climate Change Climate change remains a relevant topic despite over fifty years of efforts since the establishment of Earth Day in 1970.
• The Climate Change Impact on Sea Levels and Coastal Zones This paper summarizes the effects of climate change on seawater levels and subsequent effects on the coastal zones.
• Desertification and Climate Change Desertification can be prevented by holistic and planned grazing. This transformation can lead to better outcomes in the fight against climate change.
• Importance of Climate Change Issue Decision The situation of climate change is the central issue of the 21st century, and its solution is a turning point in history.
• Climate Changes Effects on the North and South Pole Global climate change has led to major problems in the North and South Pole ecosystems, with many animals losing their homes and even becoming endangered.
• Climate Change and Creation of Earth Day Climate change enables communities to create environmental initiatives, industries to update their manufacturing, and politicians to influence the problem through their campaigns.
• Climate Change Mitigation Strategies and Animals The thesis of the article is clear and identifies two main points, which are the problem that the global discussion does not propose sufficient methods to solve the issue.
• The Climate Change: Project Topic Exploration Climate change is an environmental problem that relates to an increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature.
• Air Pollution Crisis and Climate Change in China Air pollution is a serious problem in many countries, including China. The main source of air pollutants is fumes from burning fuels in industries or vehicles.
• Analysis of Climate Change Ethical Issues Climate change is a major problem in contemporary society, evidenced by issues such as global warming that have affected and continue to wreck societal norms around the world.
• “The Impact of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies on Animal Welfare” by Shields and Orme-Evans The paper states that for animal welfare to improve, climate change mitigation strategies should encompass systematic changes in the industry.
• Devastating Effects of Global Warming The incapacitating consequences of a changing climate have resulted in significant distress among vulnerable populations as they face various challenges.
• Climate Change: The Impact on North America As the analysis of climate change patterns reveals, the North American continent is on the verge of profound environmental changes resulting from global warming.
• The Impacts of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies on Animal Welfare The article by Shields and Orme-Evans focuses on the problem of climate change from the aspect of greenhouse emissions from farm animals and their contribution to global warming.
• How Climate Change Influenced Global Migration Migration and conflict have become the most important reasons causing researchers’ interest in climate change.
• Climate Change and Crop Production This paper aims to discuss how climate change affects crop production in Latin American, Central American, and Eastern African regions.
• Global Warming and Crop Production in Africa Many people are aware of the current and future negative effects of global warming. Global warming will cause severe reductions in the crop in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia.
• Carbon Markets and Climate Change Many climatological concepts predict a rise in worldwide average temperature over the succeeding few decades centered on tripling atmospheric carbon oxide levels.
• Solar Activity as a Cause of Climate Change Climate change is not solely the result of human activity because solar activity also impacts the Earth’s climate in a significant manner.
• Climate Change: Risks and Consequences Climate change has long been one of the global environmental challenges humanity has faced. A slow but steady rise in surface temperatures is a sustainable trend.
• Carbon Dioxide Factor in Climate Change Increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have a profound effect on global warming, and in turn, it affects the total temperature of the Earth.
• Climate Change: The Role of Scientific and Technological Progress This paper serves as a starting point when looking at climate change and the effects of scientific and technological progress.
• Consequences of Global Warming Although the opinions about the causes of climate change are diverse, the effects of human activities and natural elements are similar and lead to global warming.
• Climate Change and Modern Indigenous Treaties in Northern Canada The purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: how does climate change affect aboriginal culture, food gathering, and Canadian government policy?
• Water Scarcity Due to Climate Change This paper focuses on the adverse impact that water scarcity has brought today with the view that water is the most valuable element in running critical processes.
• Ascertaining Scientific Truth on Climate Change Human activities impact the environment. The consequences of anthropological actions reverberate across all aspects of the Earth’s habitat.
• Climate Change and Fall of the Western Roman Empire The authors researched the relevant literature about why the Empire failed and how climate change was connected to the decline.
• Climate Change and Accessibility to Safe Water The paper discusses climate change’s effect on water accessibility, providing graphs on water scarcity and freshwater use and resources.
• Climate Change Prevention Improvements This paper aims to examine the principal indicators in achieving improvements in climate change prevention and the current results of programs.
• The UN Climate Change Conference: Indigenous Concerns During the UN Climate Change Conference, it was clear that indigenous environmental defenders have a particular stake in the outcomes of climate change global negotiations.

In a persuasive essay on climate change, you should prove your position and assure readers to think the same way. Your aim should be to inspire them to make conscious choices in favor of environmental conservation. In such an essay, it is core to provide specific examples of climate change effects and use emotional language to touch readers’ feelings.

Below, we’ve listed some persuasive essay topics on climate change to cover in your paper:

• Plastic bags are a major source of pollution.
• Such bags have limited reusability.
• Plastic waste management is challenging, especially in developing countries.
• Eco-friendly choices can inspire others to adopt similar practices.
• Every action in the fight against climate change counts.
• Individual creativity can lead to impactful solutions.
• An increasing number of young people experience eco-anxiety.
• Stress levels rise after experiencing environmental disasters.
• Poor air quality resulting from climate change can increase the incidence of depression and anxiety.
• Transitioning to sustainable practices can help us stop climate change.
• New jobs in eco-friendly industries can be created due to investment in sustainability.
• Investing in sustainability can lead to cleaner air and water and, thus, reduce the rate of respiratory illnesses and waterborne diseases.
• Climate change leads to mass migration, which, in turn, creates social unrest and conflict.
• Climate change results in water scarcity and food insecurity, which can motivate countries to fight for resources.
• Since many US military facilities are located in coastal regions, climate change effects like rising sea levels threaten the country’s military bases.
• Climate Change: Canada’s Environment Policy The essay argues that Canada is a major contributor to climate change and its environmental policies are inadequate in resolving the environmental problems.
• Researching the Interactions between Climate Change and Plankton Communities This paper is aimed at examining the interactions between climate change and plankton communities, focusing on the abundance, distribution, and structure of the species.
• Climate Change in “The Parable of the Sower” by Butler Butler’s “The Parable of The Sower” is a post-apocalyptic knowledge literature novel that addresses climate modification and socioeconomic inequalities.
• Social Challenges of Climate Change Climate change is among the most pressing global issues, and it is not easy to find a solution that will work for everyone.
• Climate Change: Factors and Future Climate change and global warming have been stressed since the early 20th century, and different environmental corps and governments have communicated several mitigation techniques.
• Climate Change and Global Health Climate change is among the most discussed topics in various fields, as it has overarching effects on many aspects of human life.
• Global Warming Effects on Earth Global warming presents a considerable threat by having an enormous influence on humanity’s social, economic, and physical state.
• The Affect of Climate Change on the Social and Environmental Determinants of Health There is a lack of sufficient awareness in society about how climate change affects health although it significantly influences its environmental determinants.
• Climate Change in Environmentally Vulnerable Countries The repercussions of climate change are global in character and unprecedented in size, ranging from changing weather patterns to sea level rise.
• Climate Change and the Media Biases This essay’s purpose is to address the media bias concerning the rising global warming and climate change, referring to news articles made by scientists and various scholars.
• Global Warming and Economics Discussion The article discusses that at the international level, the carbon tax is not always conducive to climate change regulation.
• Climate Change and Food Production Cycle In order to address the problem of climate change in relation to the overproduction of food, a more responsible attitude toward its consumption.
• Global Warming: The Importance of Addressing the Climate Crisis The paper states that global warming has many consequences. Multiple scientific discoveries emphasize the importance of addressing the climate crisis urgently.
• Examining the Potential of Digital Earth Services in Connection to Global Warming In this work, the primary characteristics of global warming will be discussed with the implementation of digital Earth tools, examining the data from these sources.
• Climate Change Reflection in Law System The paper states that climate change in the coming decade will be crucial to achieving global goals set on the governmental and international levels.
• The Science Behind Climate Change Regardless of how strong the natural change to the climate system was, it could not have led to the temperature increase seen over the past semicentenary.
• The Controversies of Climate Change This paper discusses the issue of climate change by considering the arguments presented by both the proponents and opponents based on ethical principles and sources of moral value.
• Climate Change From the Anthropological Perspective The adaptive nature of the anthropological development of humanity explains the contemporary global problems, and climate change may be assessed from the human adaptation perspective.
• Solar Energy in China and Its Influence on Climate Change The influence of solar energy on climate change has impacted production, the advancement of solar energy has impacted climate change in the geography of China.
• Natural Climate Solutions for Climate Change in China The crisis in China gives rise to several significant environmental problems, including air pollution, land degradation, deforestation, and poor water quality.
• International Climate Change Law and National Acts The growing number of countries involved in the fight against environmental problems is seen as a positive step. As a justification, the scope of emission coverage is considered.
• Harmful Impact of Climate Change Climate change is one of the most notable environmental problems that humanity is facing today and defines it as ‘long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns’.
• Global Warming in Relation to Human Population Size The density of the world population in the future is a crucial component of climate policy to safeguard the vulnerable future generation.
• Anthropogenic Influence on Climate Change Throughout History The objective of this paper is to discuss the anthropogenic influence on climate change through history and adaptations during the glaciation period.
• Climate Change, Its Causes and Implications The purpose of this paper is to present the causes and implications of climate change and to elaborate on the current climate change policies.
• The Health Impacts of Climate Change in China Although climate change could not directly affect the Chinese population’s health, climate change interference could increase the number of respiratory system diseases, etc.
• Disasters Caused by Climate Change This paper focuses on several recent natural disasters caused by climate change – simultaneous fires in Russia and floods in Pakistan.
• Climate Change and Mitigation Approaches The issue of climate change may appear to be extremely controversial. The reason behind that is the fact that environmental changes have both dependence and influence on humanity.
• Impacts of Climate Change on Electricity Demand in China Fan et al.’s “Impacts of climate change on electricity demand in China” article forecasts the potential effects on the electricity demand under three climate change scenarios.
• Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food This paper will examine four aspects of climate change: variation in the rainfall pattern, water levels, drought, temperature, and heatwaves.
• The Truth Behind Climate Change The real solution of the problem of climate change could be to decarbonize the global energy system that is 80% fossil fuel, but it is significant in scale.
• “Climate Change Facts and Effect on Economy” by Amadeo Kimberly Amadeo attempts to address one of the ecological issues, namely global warming, and introduces the article Climate Change Facts and Effect on Economy.
• Web-Based Organizational Discourses: Climate Change This paper pertains to the investigation of argumentation formation within the process of interaction with organizations holding similar and opposite opinions and viewpoints.
• Discussing Climate Change: Randy Johnson In this work, I will describe an interview with an expert meteorologist Randy Johnson, and provide information necessary to understand his background and experience.
• How Human Behavior Promotes Climate Change Uncontrolled reproduction is one of several behaviors promoting climate change. It increases the size of the population and changes its distribution.
• Environmental Issues: Problems of Climate Change The paper states that climate change poses a threat to the planet in various forms, including vital impacts on health, food, water, and air.
• Iron Fertilization: Solving Global Warming The discussion in this paper considers some of the international as well as maritime laws that deal with the application of iron fertilization as a method of mitigating global warming.
• How Car Emissions Affect Global Warming This paper examines the concept of global warming with a focal point on the emissions of gases by cars and other automobiles.
• The Catholic Response to the Climate Change Catholic Church joined other global climate change movements such as Action for climate change by the United Nations to champion a safer and sustainable ecosystem by 2050.
• Climate Change: Dangers and Prevention This paper explores anthropogenic and natural causes of climate change examine its potential outcomes and presents actions aimed at stabilizing the climate.

For a presentation on climate change, you should pick a catchy title and present your content vividly. In addition, it is vital to structure your work with clear sections covering the causes, impacts, and solutions to climate change. Adding charts or maps is also a good idea since they will aid your audience in perceiving and memorizing information about the magnitude of the issue.

Here are some climate change presentation ideas that can come in handy:

• Thailand and Its Worst Drought of 2015-2016.
• Why Did the Pantanal Wetlands Burn?
• The Mass Die-off of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.
• California’s Record-Breaking Wildfires.
• What Were the Economic Outcomes of the Severe Sandstorms in Beijing?
• The Root Causes of Agricultural Losses in Africa.
• Heavy Snow in Los Angeles.
• Why Has the US Run Out of Names for Hurricanes?
• Spring Heatwaves in Australia.
• The Consequences of Cyclone Ampham in India.
• How Do Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Cause Heavy Rainfall in South Asia?
• The Increasing Frequency of Typhoons in the Pacific Ocean.
• Wild Heat in Spain in 2023.
• The Reasons for Record-Setting Flooding in South-Central China.
• Why Did Lake Chad in Central Africa Disappear?
• The Problem of Climate Change in South Florida
• Climate Change as a Public Health Issue
• Economic Model for Global Warming
• Climate Change: El Niño Oscillation Phenomenon (ENSO)
• Climate and Social Change in Global Warming Crisis
• Capitalism, Climate Change, and Globalization
• The Importance of Addressing Climate Change
• Impact of Climate Change on Early Societies
• Modern Environmental Issues: Climate Change
• Global Warming and Climate Change
• Global Warming, Climate Change and Ozone Depletion
• Climate Change: The Leading Cause of Global Warming
• Climate Change: Causes and Consequences, and the Issue of Social Collapse
• Canada: The First Victim of Global Climate Change
• The Impact of Climate Change on Inflectional Diseases
• Sustainable Development: The Climate Change Issues
• Climate Change Skepticism in Relation to Global Warming
• The Issue of Global Warming in the Community
• Climate Change as a Challenge to Australia
• Global Warming: Do Human Activities Threaten to Change Climate?
• Global Warming and Mitigation Strategies
• Controversy About Global Warming: Skepticism and Reality
• Global Warming and Other Ecology Issues
• Global Warming: Harmful Impact on the Polar Bears
• Oil and Gas Industry Response to Global Warming
• Global Warming: Causes and Solutions
• The Kyoto Protocol: First Framework for Fighting Global Warming
• Global Warming as Not a New-Fangled Issue
• Climate Change and Its Potential Impact on Agriculture and Food Supply
• The Issue of Unstoppable Global Warming and Its Effects
• Car Emissions and Global Warming
• Weather and Climate Change: Physical Equations
• Climate Change and Impact on Human Health
• Health Issues Caused by Climate Change
• Respiratory Diseases Caused by Climate Change
• Global Warming and Its Various Consequences
• The Effects of Climate Change on Blue Crab Populations and Ecosystem Health
• Global Warming Leads Climate Change
• Florida’s Ecosystems: Climate Change Impacts and Species Risks
• The Paris Accord: Macroeconomics and Global Warming
• Climate Change: Leaders’ Primary Concern
• Virtue Ethics: Altering Testimony on Global Warming
• Climate Change Initiatives in Canada: Policy Review and Implications
• Impact of Climate Change on Intermodal Transportation
• Global Warming and Its Health Implications
• Global Warming and Its Threats: Debates
• Remote Sensing Applications to Climate Change
• Climate Change and Human Heath
• The Issue of Global Warming
• Napa Valley Wine Industry and Climate Change
• Climate Change Affecting Global Public Health
• Global Warming Problems due to Economic Growth
• Global Warming and the Free Rider Problem
• Trump Presidency: Immigration and Climate Change
• Iron Seeding Oceans: Global Warming Solution
• Biodiversity and Global Warming: Key Conservation Efforts Explained
• Climate Change as a Threat to Pension Fund
• Climate Change: Changing Patterns of Malaria in Africa
• The Problem of Global Warming and Its Effects
• Global Climate Change and Health Concerns
• Climate Change Evidence: IPCC Report Highlights
• Paris Agreement: Climate Change Deal
• Impact of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases: Focus on Malaria
• Global Warming With an Emphasis on the Arctic
• Understanding Climate Change: Causes, Effects, and Solutions
• Cap and Trade Programs: US & EU Impact on Climate Change
• Climate Change, Human Activities and Remedies
• Climate Change: When Nature Is in Agony
• Global Climate Change: Rising Temperatures and Human Impact
• Global Warming: Impacts and Consequences on Ecology and Society
• Car Emissions and Global Warming: Understanding the Impact
• Climate Change and International Trade
• Global Warming and Melting Glaciers: A Growing Concern
• Environmental Studies: Causes of Global Warming and Mitigation Strategies
• EPA’s Role in Enforcing US Environmental Policies
• Environmental Studies: The Global Warming Holocaust
• Global Climate Change: Current Trends, Impacts, and Future Directions
• Global Warming: Analyzing Causes and Effects on the Environment
• Climate Change: Concept and Theories
• What Natural Forces Have Caused Climate Change?
• What Problems Are Involved with Establishing an International Climate Change Regime?
• What Role Has Human Activity Played in Causing Climate Change?
• What Does the World Say about Climate Change?
• What Are the Five Main Effects of Climate Change?
• What Is Climate Change and How Is It Changing?
• What Is Climate Change in Simple Words?
• How Does Climate Change Affect Human Life?
• Why Is Climate Change Important?
• How Does Climate Change Affect Society?
• What Are Some of the Signs of Climate Change?
• What Are the Impacts of Climate Change?
• What Are the Main Ways of Solving Climate Change Issues?
• What Are Some Examples of Climate Change?
• How Does Climate Change Affect Our Human Rights?
• What Can Students Do to Help Climate Change?
• How Can We Reduce the Impact of Climate Change?
• When Did Climate Change Become an Issue?
• Can Climate Change Be Stopped?
• Where Is Climate Change the Worst?
• Why Is Climate Change a Global Challenge?
• How Many Years Do We Have to Save the Planet From Climate Change?
• How Many Years Until Climate Change Is Irreversible?
• What American State Is Safest From Climate Change?
• Where Should People Live to Avoid Climate Change?
• What Countries Will Be the Least Affected by Climate Change?
• Who Will Benefit From Climate Change?
• What Is China Doing about Climate Change?
• Which Country Is the Biggest Contributor to Climate Change?
• What Is the Most Effective Solution to Climate Change?
• Climate Change-Related Health Risks
• Climate Change Threats to Ecosystems and Species
• How Deforestation Leads to Climate Change
• Costs and Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation Strategies
• The Feasibility and Challenges of Renewable Energy Transition
• The Politics of Climate Change: Cooperation and Disagreements
• How Climate Change Affects Agriculture and Food Production
• Climate Change, Migration, and Environmental Refugees
• The Connection Between Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events
• The Effectiveness of Climate Messaging and Public Perception
• How Climate Models Help Predicting Future Climate Scenarios
• What Are the Social Justice Dimensions of Climate Change?
• Best Personal Carbon Footprint Reduction Strategies
• The Impact of Climate Change on Freshwater Availability
• Strategies to Cope with Changing Climate Conditions
• The Role of Urban Planning in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
• How Indigenous Knowledge Can Help Understand Climate Change
• The Adverse Effect of Climate Change on Polar Regions and Indigenous Peoples
• The Consequences of Climate Change and Ocean Acidification for Marine Ecosystems
• The Relationship between Environmental Changes and International Security

Here’s what makes our list of topics stand out:

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These essay examples and topics on Climate Change were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on October 31, 2024 .

Home » Blog » Dissertation » Topics » Climate Change » 99 Climate Change Dissertation Topics & Research Titles

99 Climate Change Dissertation Topics & Research Titles

By Amanda in Climate Change

Here are the some frequently asked questions (FAQs) we have accumulated from different websites and forums that Climate Change students often ask while researching the research topics in Climate Change Dissertation Topics. Many students are curious about what areas to focus on for their climate change dissertation topics, and we’re here to help. Below, you’ll […]

Here are the some frequently asked questions (FAQs) we have accumulated from different websites and forums that Climate Change students often ask while researching the research topics in Climate Change Dissertation Topics.

Many students are curious about what areas to focus on for their climate change dissertation topics, and we’re here to help. Below, you’ll find a selection of common inquiries that can guide you in finding compelling topics in the field of climate change.

• How can I explore the recent effects of climate for my PhD research proposal in 2024?
• What are some of the best and unique dissertation topics in climate change for an MSc degree?
• Are there any unique dissertation topics or ideas on linking climate change for an undergraduate thesis in UK?
• How do I come up with a strong Climate Change topic for my research proposal?

Introduction:

Before we suggest a list of climate change dissertation topics, we must understand what it is and its importance in our life. The climate of the Earth has been changing rapidly and has brought about many physical and environmental changes all of which significantly affect the inhabitants of the Earth. As such, climate change, its causes , issues and outcomes are the central theme of not only this age but possibly for the very existence of humankind.

This list of dissertation topics in climate change is in no way enough to cover logistics associated with climate change yet these research topics on climate change are presented here as a point of focus to get you started thinking about a direction associated with climate change that most appeals to you.

Download climate-change Dissertation Example Pdf

List of climate change dissertation topics:, causes and drivers of climate change.

• An online survey of the causes of climate change denial in Norway.
• What are the current gaps in knowledge of climate change?
• What motivates small and medium enterprises towards climate change adaptation? A survey-based exploration.
• A study of the causes of climate change over the past one hundred years.
• How important is the human contribution to acceleration in climate change? Evidence-based literature.

Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity

• Assessing the role of forests and carbon sequestration in climate change mitigation.
• Investigating the impact of climate change on UK biodiversity and conservation efforts.
• Changes to wildlife due to climate change – a global review.
• The impact of climate change on biodiversity loss: A case study of endangered species.
• Climate change impacts on coral reef bleaching and implications for marine biodiversity in the Bahamas.

Climate Change and Agriculture

• Is climate change impactful on farming production quality?
• The concept of food security and its relationship with climate change – what are the implications for the future?
• Investigating the role of agriculture in climate change adaptation and mitigation.
• Investigating the socio-economic implications of climate change on UK agricultural systems.
• What is the influence of climate change on food security in terms of variations in farming practices across the world?

Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources

• The impact of climate change on coastal erosion and flooding in UK coastal regions.
• Changes to groundwater networks amidst discussions of climate change – a study of forecasted changes.
• The impact of climate change on water resources and water scarcity.
• Groundwater reservoirs, effects of climate change and consequences for economic valuations of agricultural produce in farming communities- a review of literature/ a survey.
• Ice sheets, sea levels and climate change – investigating a relationship.

Climate Change and Human Health

• An analysis of healthcare impacts due to the combined threat of climate change and access inequality to healthcare services in poor socio-economic environments.
• The implications of climate change on the mental health of people in current times- what is known?
• What are the chief risks posed by climate change to the mental health of humans? An exploration.
• Exploring the nexus between climate change, health, and public policy.
• Are there skeptics to climate change among healthcare professionals? Investigating viewpoints.

Climate Change Policy and Governance

• What are the key barriers to the adoption of climate change policies – a review of global literature.
• Assessing the effectiveness of climate change policies and initiatives in the United Kingdom.
• Are global climate change policies geared towards justice for future generations?
• Evaluating the effectiveness of international climate change agreements in addressing global warming.
• What are the potential implications of the pandemic on climate change policy and international cooperation?

Climate Change and Economic Impacts

• Assessing the economic costs of climate change and the benefits of mitigation and adaptation measures.
• Investigating the role of climate change in shaping global geopolitics and international relations.
• Is following energy-saving practices in daily life representative of responsibility towards climate change?
• What are the social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable communities in the context of climate change?

Renewable Energy Solutions to Climate Change

• Evaluating the role of renewable energy sources in achieving the UK’s climate change targets.
• What role can renewable energy technologies play in supporting economic recovery and addressing climate change post-pandemic?
• The role of renewable energy technologies in mitigating climate change.
• Assessing the role of UK businesses and industries in mitigating climate change through sustainable practices.
• What efforts are energy-based corporations taking for climate change adaptations? An exploration.

Climate Change and Urban Development

• The impact of climate change on urban infrastructure and resilience.
• Is urbanization a potential reason for climate change? A review of literature.
• Assessing the vulnerability of UK cities to climate change impacts and developing adaptation strategies.
• How is the construction of dams impacting climate change through ecology – an analysis of literature.
• Investigating the role of urban planning in climate change mitigation efforts.

Climate Change and Migration

• The impact of climate-induced migration on host countries and the need for international policy responses.
• Investigating the social and economic consequences of climate-induced migration.
• An exploration of how climate change has given rise to the term “climate refugees”.
• How has the pandemic influenced public attitudes and behaviors towards sustainable lifestyles and consumption patterns?
• Investigating the relationship between climate change and social inequality.

Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change

• Is readiness for climate change adaptation indicative of a sense of personal responsibility among individuals?
• How urgent is an action plan to tackle climate change? A review.
• Evaluating the effectiveness of climate change education and awareness campaigns in the UK.
• Exploring the role of gender in climate change adaptation and resilience.
• Is climate change adaptation behavior difficult for small farmers to practice? A primary exploration.

Climate Change Mitigation Technologies

• How has the pandemic influenced the implementation and effectiveness of climate change mitigation measures?
• The impact of climate change on Neanderthal species- forensic anthropology .
• Assessing the effectiveness of climate change mitigation strategies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Investigating the role of multinational corporations in addressing climate change through sustainable practices and emissions reduction.
• Can we see solutions to climate change? Enumerating the key points.
• Is there a tipping point in climate change?

Climate Change Communication and Public Perception

• The importance of social media in advancing climate change literacy in developing countries.
• Exploring the relationship between climate change and extreme weather events.
• Evaluating the effectiveness of climate change communication and public engagement strategies.
• How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected public perception and awareness of climate change?
• Climate change acceptance or denial? Primary exploration of global perspectives.

Climate Change and Social Justice

• What are the steps being taken by China in improving the quality of air in its metropolitan cities? A survey.
• What are the opportunities for a green and sustainable recovery from the pandemic that can also address climate change challenges?
• Is climate change a stronger threat to populations vulnerable to potential disasters?
• Have vulnerable populations facing tsunamis/tropical dry forest fires developed resilience? An exploration.

The Role of International Organizations in Climate Change

• The role of international climate change agreements in promoting global cooperation and mitigation efforts.
• Evaluating the effectiveness of international climate finance mechanisms in supporting adaptation and mitigation projects in developing countries.
• Investigating the role of international organizations in climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts.

Climate Change and Natural Disasters

• Assessing the vulnerability of coastal communities to sea-level rise and climate change.
• The changes in drought environments in the past ten years – is climate change to blame?
• Cycles of drought and relationship with climate change – finding answers from literature.

Climate Change and Oceanic Ecosystems

• Is the color of our oceans reflective of changes in climate? A review of literature.
• What is the potential impact of changes to marine life due to climate change on human populations? Review of literature.
• Rise in sea levels associated with climate change – what is understood?

Impact of Climate Change on Polar Regions

• Are changes to the Arctic covering a reason to panic? Evidence from a climate change perspective.
• Is it possible to slow negative climate change through the calculated human impact? An exploration.
• Assessing the implications of climate change for biodiversity conservation and protected areas in polar regions.

Climate Change and Sustainable Development

• What lessons can be learned from the pandemic response to inform climate change adaptation and resilience strategies?
• Can sustainable development goals be achieved in the face of climate change challenges?

Climate Change Modeling and Predictions

• The role of climate models in predicting future climate scenarios.

Climate Change and Forests

• The impact of deforestation on climate change and biodiversity.

Climate Change and Energy Systems

• The role of the UK transportation sector in contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change.
• Investigating the impact of renewable energy technologies on reducing climate change impacts.

Historical Perspectives on Climate Change

• Changes in public perception of climate change over the last century.

Ethics and Climate Change

• Is climate change adaptation the forte of a special kind of psychology?

Geoengineering and Climate Change

• Assessing the potential of geoengineering solutions to mitigate climate change.
• Exploring the ethical implications of using geoengineering to address climate change.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, while the list of climate change dissertation topics provided may only scratch the surface of this vast and complex issue, it offers a starting point for exploring the various dimensions of climate change. The importance of studying climate change cannot be overstated, as it directly influences the future of our planet and all living beings.By delving into its causes, impacts, and potential solutions, researchers can contribute valuable insights that help shape policies and actions aimed at mitigating its effects and securing a sustainable future for humanity.

There you go. Use the list well and let us know if you have any comments or suggestions for our topics related blog posts for the future or looking to get help with dissertation writing , send us an email at [email protected] .

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Roz Pidcock

Which of the many thousands of papers on climate change published each year in scientific journals are the most successful? Which ones have done the most to advance scientists’ understanding, alter the course of climate change research, or inspire future generations?

On Wednesday, Carbon Brief will reveal the results of our analysis into which scientific papers on the topic of climate change are the most “cited”. That means, how many times other scientists have mentioned them in their own published research. It’s a pretty good measure of how much impact a paper has had in the science world.

But there are other ways to measure influence. Before we reveal the figures on the most-cited research, Carbon Brief has asked climate experts what they think are the most influential papers.

We asked all the coordinating lead authors, lead authors and review editors on the last Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report to nominate three papers from any time in history. This is the exact question we posed:

What do you consider to be the three most influential papers in the field of climate change?

As you might expect from a broad mix of physical scientists, economists, social scientists and policy experts, the nominations spanned a range of topics and historical periods, capturing some of the great climate pioneers and the very latest climate economics research.

Here’s a link to our summary of who said what . But one paper clearly takes the top spot.

Winner: Manabe & Wetherald ( 1967 )

With eight nominations, a seminal paper by Syukuro Manabe and Richard. T. Wetherald published in the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences in 1967 tops the Carbon Brief poll as the IPCC scientists’ top choice for the most influential climate change paper of all time.

Entitled, “Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity”, the work was the first to represent the fundamental elements of the Earth’s climate in a computer model, and to explore what doubling carbon dioxide (CO2) would do to global temperature.

Manabe & Wetherald (1967), Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

The Manabe & Wetherald paper is considered by many as a pioneering effort in the field of climate modelling, one that effectively opened the door to projecting future climate change. And the value of climate sensitivity is something climate scientists are still grappling with today .

Prof Piers Forster , a physical climate scientist at Leeds University and lead author of the chapter on clouds and aerosols in working group one of the last IPCC report, tells Carbon Brief:

This was really the first physically sound climate model allowing accurate predictions of climate change.

The paper’s findings have stood the test of time amazingly well, Forster says.

Its results are still valid today. Often when I’ve think I’ve done a new bit of work, I found that it had already been included in this paper.

Prof Steve Sherwood , expert in atmospheric climate dynamics at the University of New South Wales and another lead author on the clouds and aerosols chapter, says it’s a tough choice, but Manabe & Wetherald (1967) gets his vote, too. Sherwood tells Carbon Brief:

[The paper was] the first proper computation of global warming and stratospheric cooling from enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations, including atmospheric emission and water-vapour feedback.

Prof Danny Harvey , professor of climate modelling at the University of Toronto and lead author on the buildings chapter in the IPCC’s working group three report on mitigation, emphasises the Manabe & Wetherald paper’s impact on future generations of scientists. He says:

[The paper was] the first to assess the magnitude of the water vapour feedback, and was frequently cited for a good 20 years after it was published.

Tomorrow, Carbon Brief will be publishing an interview with Syukuro Manabe, alongside a special summary by Prof John Mitchell , the Met Office Hadley Centre’s chief scientist from 2002 to 2008 and director of climate science from 2008 to 2010, on why the paper still holds such significance today.

Joint second: Keeling, C.D et al. ( 1976 )

Jumping forward a decade, a classic paper by Charles Keeling and colleagues in 1976 came in joint second place in the Carbon Brief survey.

Published in the journal Tellus under the title, “Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at Mauna Loa observatory,” the paper documented for the first time the stark rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at the Mauna Loa observatory in Hawaii.

A photocopy of Keeling et al., (1976) Source: University of California, Santa Cruz

Dr Jorge Carrasco , Antarctic climate change researcher at the University of Magallanes  in Chile and lead author on the cryosphere chapter in the last IPCC report, tells Carbon Brief why the research underpinning the “Keeling Curve’ was so important.

This paper revealed for the first time the observing increased of the atmospheric CO2 as the result of the combustion of carbon, petroleum and natural gas.

Prof David Stern , energy and environmental economist at the Australian National University and lead author on the Drivers, Trends and Mitigation chapter of the IPCC’s working group three report, also chooses the 1976 Keeling paper, though he notes:

This is a really tough question as there are so many dimensions to the climate problem – natural science, social science, policy etc.

With the Mauna Loa measurements continuing today , the so-called “Keeling curve” is the longest continuous record of carbon dioxide concentration in the world. Its historical significance and striking simplicity has made it one of the most iconic visualisations of climate change.

Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Also in joint second place: Held, I.M. & Soden, B.J. ( 2006 )

Fast forwarding a few decades, in joint second place comes a paper by Isaac Held and Brian Soden published in the journal Science in 2006.

The paper, “Robust Responses of the Hydrological Cycle to Global Warming”, identified how rainfall from one place to another would be affected by climate change. Prof Sherwood, who nominated this paper as well as the winning one from Manabe and Wetherald, tells Carbon Brief why it represented an important step forward. He says:

[This paper] advanced what is known as the “wet-get-wetter, dry-get-drier” paradigm for precipitation in global warming. This mantra has been widely misunderstood and misapplied, but was the first and perhaps still the only systematic conclusion about regional precipitation and global warming based on robust physical understanding of the atmosphere.

Held & Soden (2006), Journal of Climate

Honourable mentions

Rather than choosing a single paper, quite a few academics in our survey nominated one or more of the Working Group contributions to the last IPCC report. A couple even suggested the Fifth Assessment Report in its entirety, running to several thousands of pages. The original IPCC report , published in 1990, also got mentioned.

It was clear from the results that scientists tended to pick papers related to their own field. For example, Prof Ottmar Edenhofer , chief economist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and co-chair of the IPCC’s Working Group Three report on mitigation, selected four papers from the last 20 years on the economics of climate change costs versus risks, recent emissions trends, the technological feasibility of strong emissions reductions and the nature of international climate cooperation.

Taking a historical perspective, a few more of the early pioneers of climate science featured in our results, too. For example, Svante Arrhenius’ famous 1896 paper  on the Greenhouse Effect, entitled “On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground”, received a couple of votes.

Prof Jonathan Wiener , environmental policy expert at Duke University in the US and lead author on the International Cooperation chapter in the IPCC’s working group three report, explains why this paper should be remembered as one of the most influential in climate policy. He says:

[This is the] classic paper showing that rising greenhouse gas concentrations lead to increasing global average surface temperature.

Svante Arrhenius (1896), Philosophical Magazine

A few decades later, a paper by Guy Callendar in 1938  linked the increase in carbon dioxide concentration over the previous 50 years to rising temperatures. Entitled, “The artificial production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperature,” the paper marked an important step forward in climate change research, says Andrew Solow , director of the Woods Hole Marine Policy centre and lead author on the detection and attribution of climate impacts chapter in the IPCC’s working group two report. He says:

There is earlier work on the greenhouse effect, but not (to my knowledge) on the connection between increasing levels of CO2 and temperature.

Though it may feature in the climate change literature hall of fame, this paper raises a question about how to define a paper’s influence, says Forster. Rather than being celebrated among his contemporaries, Callendar’s work achieved recognition a long time after it was published. Forster says:

I would loved to have chosen Callendar (1938) as the first attribution paper that changed the world. Unfortunately, the 1938 effort of Callendar was only really recognised afterwards as being a founding publication of the field … The same comment applies to earlier Arrhenius and Tyndall efforts. They were only influential in hindsight.

Guy Callendar and his 1938 paper in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Other honourable mentions in the Carbon Brief survey of most influential climate papers go to Norman Phillips, whose 1956 paper described the first general circulation model, William Nordhaus’s 1991 paper on the economics of the greenhouse effect, and a paper by Camile Parmesan and Gary Yohe in 2003 , considered by many to provide the first formal attribution of climate change impacts on animal and plant species.

Finally, James Hansen’s 2012 paper , “Public perception of climate change and the new climate dice”, was important in highlighting the real-world impacts of climate change, says Prof Andy Challinor , expert in climate change impacts at the University of Leeds and lead author on the food security chapter in the working group two report. He says:

[It] helped with demonstrating the strong links between extreme events this century and climate change. Result: more clarity and less hedging.

Marc Levi , a political scientist at Columbia University and lead author on the IPCC’s human security chapter, makes a wider point, telling Carbon Brief:

The importance is in showing that climate change is observable in the present.

Indeed, attribution of extreme weather continues to be at the forefront of climate science, pushing scientists’ understanding of the climate system and modern technology to their limits.

Look out for more on the latest in attribution research as Carbon Brief reports on the Our Common Futures Under Climate Change conference taking place in Paris this week.

Pinning down which climate science papers most changed the world is difficult, and we suspect climate scientists could argue about this all day. But while the question elicits a range of very personal preferences, stories and characters, one paper has clearly stood the test of time and emerged as the popular choice among today’s climate experts – Manabe and Wetherald, 1967.

Main image: Satellite image of Hurricane Katrina.

• What are the most influential climate change papers of all time?

Expert analysis direct to your inbox.

Get a round-up of all the important articles and papers selected by Carbon Brief by email. Find out more about our newsletters here .

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The Top 10 Most Interesting Climate Change Research Topics

Finishing your environmental science degree may require you to write about climate change research topics. For example, students pursuing a career as environmental scientists may focus their research on environmental-climate sensitivity or those studying to become conservation scientists will focus on ways to improve the quality of natural resources.

Climate change research paper topics vary from anthropogenic climate to physical risks of abrupt climate change. Papers should focus on a specific climate change research question. Read on to learn more about examples of climate change research topics and questions.

Find your bootcamp match

What makes a strong climate change research topic.

A strong climate change research paper topic should be precise in order for others to understand your research. You must use research methods to find topics that discuss a concern about climate issues. Your broader topic should be of current importance and a well-defined discourse on climate change.

Tips for Choosing a Climate Change Research Topic

• Research what environmental scientists say. Environmental scientists study ecological problems. Their studies include the threat of climate change on environmental issues. Studies completed by these professionals are a good starting point.
• Use original research to review articles for sources. Starting with a general search is a good place to get ideas. However, as you begin to refine your search, use original research papers that have passed through the stage of peer review.
• Discover the current climatic conditions of the research area. The issue of climate change affects each area differently. Gather information on the current climate and historical climate conditions to help bolster your research.
• Consider current issues of climate change. You want your analyses on climate change to be current. Using historical data can help you delve deep into climate change effects. First, however, it needs to back up climate change risks.
• Research the climate model evaluation options. There are different approaches to climate change evaluation. Choosing the right climate model evaluation system will help solidify your research.

What’s the Difference Between a Research Topic and a Research Question?

A research topic is a broad area of study that can encompass several different issues. An example might be the key role of climate change in the United States. While this topic might make for a good paper, it is too broad and must be narrowed to be written effectively.

A research question narrows the topic down to one or two points. The question provides a framework from which to start building your paper. The answers to your research question create the substance of your paper as you report the findings.

How to Create Strong Climate Change Research Questions

To create a strong climate change research question, start settling on the broader topic. Once you decide on a topic, use your research skills and make notes about issues or debates that may make an interesting paper. Then, narrow your ideas down into a niche that you can address with theoretical or practical research.

Top 10 Climate Change Research Paper Topics

1. climate changes effect on agriculture.

Climate change’s effect on agriculture is a topic that has been studied for years. The concern is the major role of climate as it affects the growth of crops, such as the grains that the United States cultivates and trades on the world market. According to the scientific journal Nature , one primary concern is how the high levels of carbon dioxide can affect overall crops .

2. Economic Impact of Climate Change

Climate can have a negative effect on both local and global economies. While the costs may vary greatly, even a slight change could cost the United States a loss in the Global Domestic Product (GDP). For example, rising sea levels may damage the fiber optic infrastructure the world relies on for trade and communication.

3. Solutions for Reducing the Effect of Future Climate Conditions

Solutions for reducing the effect of future climate conditions range from reducing the reliance on fossil fuels to reducing the number of children you have. Some of these solutions to climate change are radical ideas and may not be accepted by the general population.

4. Federal Government Climate Policy

The United States government’s climate policy is extensive. The climate policy is the federal government’s action for climate change and how it hopes to make an impact. It includes adopting the use of electric vehicles instead of gas-powered cars. It also includes the use of alternative energy systems such as wind energy.

5. Understanding of Climate Change

Understanding climate change is a broad climate change research topic. With this, you can introduce different research methods for tracking climate change and showing a focused effect on specific areas, such as the impact on water availability in certain geographic areas.

6. Carbon Emissions Impact of Climate Change

Carbon emissions are a major factor in climate change. Due to the greenhouse effect they cause, the world is seeing a higher number of devastating weather events. An increase in the number and intensity of tsunamis, hurricanes, and tornados are some of the results.

7. Evidence of Climate Change

There is ample evidence of climate change available, thanks to the scientific community. However, some of these implications of climate change are hotly contested by those with poor views about climate scientists. Proof of climate change includes satellite images, ice cores, and retreating glaciers.

8. Cause and Mitigation of Climate Change

The causes of climate change can be either human activities or natural causes. Greenhouse gas emissions are an example of how human activities can alter the world’s climate. However, natural causes such as volcanic and solar activity are also issues. Mitigation plans for these effects may include options for both causes.

9. Health Threats and Climate Change

Climate change can have an adverse effect on human health. The impacts on health from climate change can include extreme heat, air pollution, and increasing allergies. The CDC warns these changes can cause respiratory threats, cardiovascular issues, and heat-related illnesses.

10. Industrial Pollution and the Effects of Climate Change

Just as car emissions can have an adverse effect on the climate, so can industrial pollution. It is one of the leading factors in greenhouse gas effects on average temperature. While the US has played a key role in curtailing industrial pollution, other countries need to follow suit to mitigate the negative impacts it causes.

Other Examples of Climate Change Research Topics & Questions

Climate change research topics.

• The challenge of climate change faced by the United States
• Climate change communication and social movements
• Global adaptation methods to climate change
• How climate change affects migration
• Capacity on climate change and the effect on biodiversity

Climate Change Research Questions

• What are some mitigation and adaptation to climate change options for farmers?
• How do alternative energy sources play a role in climate change?
• Do federal policies on climate change help reduce carbon emissions?
• What impacts of climate change affect the environment?
• Do climate change and social movements mean the end of travel?

Choosing the Right Climate Change Research Topic

Choosing the correct climate change research paper topic takes continuous research and refining. Your topic starts as a general overview of an area of climate change. Then, after extensive research, you can narrow it down to a specific question.

You need to ensure that your research is timely, however. For example, you don’t want to address the effects of climate change on natural resources from 15 or 20 years ago. Instead, you want to focus on views about climate change from resources within the last five years.

Climate Change Research Topics FAQ

A climate change research paper has five parts, beginning with introducing the problem and background before moving into a review of related sources. After reviewing, share methods and procedures, followed by data analysis . Finally, conclude with a summary and recommendations.

A thesis statement presents the topic of your paper to the reader. It also helps you as you begin to organize your paper, much like a mission statement. Therefore, your thesis statement may change during writing as you start to present your arguments.

According to the US Forest Service, climate change issues are related to topics regarding forest management, biodiversity, and species distribution. Climate change is a broad focus that affects many topics.

To write a research paper title, a good strategy is not to write the title right away. Instead, wait until the end after you finish everything else. Then use a short and to-the-point phrase that summarizes your document. Use keywords from the paper and avoid jargon.

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Climate change, energy, environment and sustainability topics research guide

What is climate change.

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. The world is now warming faster than at any point in recorded history, which disrupts the usual balance of nature and is a threat to human beings and other forms of life on Earth. This topic guide includes sample keywords and search terms, databases to find sources, and samples of online books.

Example keywords and subtopics

Example keywords or search terms:  

• Climate change
• global warming
• greenhouse effect or greenhouse gas
• climate crisis
• environmental change
• clean energy
• alternative energy or renewable energy
• green energy or renewable energy or clean energy
• Low carbon or carbon neutral
• Carbon offsetting
• sustainability environment or sustainability
• environmental protection
• pollution or contamination
• impact or effect or influence
• cost or price or expense or money or financial
• fossil fuels or coal or oil or gas

Tip: This is a big topic with lots written so you can often focus on one or two subtopics. This will help to find more relevant sources, more quickly and be a better fit for an assignment. 

Possible subtopics ideas:  Pick one or two subtopics and then add those words to your search.

• Health impacts of climate changes (e.g. air pollution, water pollution, etc.)
• impacts on a specific city, state, region or country
• political impacts (e.g. voting, government policy, etc.)
• impact on specific population or culture (e.g. children, elderly, racial or ethic group, country, etc.)
• specific types of renewable or alternative energy (e.g. solar, wind, bio, etc.) 
• example of new technology (e.g. electric cars or electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles
• economic impacts (e.g. business, employment, industry (e.g. oil, coal, etc.)
• weather and impacts (e.g. rising sea levels, flooding, droughts or heat waves, etc.)
• media aspects (e.g. news coverage, advertising, misinformation, movies, music, etc.) 
• Tutorial: Creating an effective search strategy

• Use meaningful keywords to find the best sources
• Apply search strategies like AND and OR to connect keywords
• Tutorial: What is a library database and why should I use one?

• Identify what a library database is
• Recognize the two main types of library databases
• Know why you should use them
• Understand why searching a library database is different than searching the general internet

Databases for finding sources

Article Databases - 

Use articles to find new research, specific information and evidence to support or refute a claim. You can also look at the bibliography or works cited to find additional sources. Some articles give an overview of a specific topic -- sometimes called "review articles" or "meta-analyses" or "systematic review." Databases are like mini-search engines for finding articles (e.g. Business Source Premier database searches business journals, business magazines and business newspapers). Pick a database that searches the subject of articles you want to find. 

• Agricultural & Environmental Science Database Search journals and literature on agriculture, pollution, animals, environment, policy, natural resources, water issues and more. Searches tools like AGRICOLA, Environmental Sciences & Pollution Management (ESPM), and Digests of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) databases.
• GreenFILE Collection of scholarly, government and general-interest titles. Multidisciplinary by nature, GreenFILE draws on the connections between the environment and agriculture, education, law, health and technology. Topics covered include global climate change, green building, pollution, sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, recycling, and more.
• Ethnic NewsWatch Ethnic NewsWatch is a current resource of full-text newspapers, magazines, and journals of the ethnic and minority press from 1990, providing researchers access to essential, often overlooked perspectives.
• Opposing Viewpoints in Context Find articles on current issues, including viewpoint articles, topic overviews, statistics, primary documents, magazine and newspaper articles.

Sample of online books

Below are a selection of online books and readings on the broad topic. We have more online books, journal articles, and sources in our Libraries Search and article databases.  

• A climate policy revolution : what the science of complexity reveals about saving our planet by Roland Kupers ISBN: 9780674246812 Publication Date: 2020 "In this book, Roland Kupers argues that the climate crisis is well suited to the bottom-up, rapid, and revolutionary change complexity science theorizes; he succinctly makes the case that complexity science promises policy solutions to address climate change."

Get help from the U Libraries - Online!

• Peer Research Consultants Make an online 30 minute appointment for one-on-one peer assistance with your research. Get help with researching your topic, finding sources, citing sources and more. Peer Research Consultants can also help you get started with faculty-sponsored research.
• Chat 24/7 online with the Libraries Ask us anything! Chat with a librarian, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week with any research or library questions.
• Meet with a librarian Schedule an online consultations for personalized research support primarily for University of Minnesota faculty, instructors, graduate and undergraduate students and staff.

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Climate Change Research in View of Bibliometrics

Robin haunschild, lutz bornmann, werner marx.

• Author information
• Article notes
• Copyright and License information

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Conceptualization: WM RH. Data curation: WM RH LB. Formal analysis: RH. Investigation: WM RH LB. Methodology: WM RH LB. Validation: WM RH LB. Visualization: RH WM. Writing - original draft: WM RH LB. Writing - review & editing: WM RH LB.

* E-mail: [email protected]

Received 2016 May 30; Accepted 2016 Jul 18; Collection date 2016.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

This bibliometric study of a large publication set dealing with research on climate change aims at mapping the relevant literature from a bibliometric perspective and presents a multitude of quantitative data: (1) The growth of the overall publication output as well as (2) of some major subfields, (3) the contributing journals and countries as well as their citation impact, and (4) a title word analysis aiming to illustrate the time evolution and relative importance of specific research topics. The study is based on 222,060 papers (articles and reviews only) published between 1980 and 2014. The total number of papers shows a strong increase with a doubling every 5–6 years. Continental biomass related research is the major subfield, closely followed by climate modeling. Research dealing with adaptation, mitigation, risks, and vulnerability of global warming is comparatively small, but their share of papers increased exponentially since 2005. Research on vulnerability and on adaptation published the largest proportion of very important papers (in terms of citation impact). Climate change research has become an issue also for disciplines beyond the natural sciences. The categories Engineering and Social Sciences show the strongest field-specific relative increase. The Journal of Geophysical Research , the Journal of Climate , the Geophysical Research Letters , and Climatic Change appear at the top positions in terms of the total number of papers published. Research on climate change is quantitatively dominated by the USA, followed by the UK, Germany, and Canada. The citation-based indicators exhibit consistently that the UK has produced the largest proportion of high impact papers compared to the other countries (having published more than 10,000 papers). Also, Switzerland, Denmark and also The Netherlands (with a publication output between around 3,000 and 6,000 papers) perform top—the impact of their contributions is on a high level. The title word analysis shows that the term climate change comes forward with time. Furthermore, the term impact arises and points to research dealing with the various effects of climate change. The discussion of the question of human induced climate change towards a clear fact (for the majority of the scientific community) stimulated research on future pathways for adaptation and mitigation. Finally, the term model and related terms prominently appear independent of time, indicating the high relevance of climate modeling.

Introduction

Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns during an extended period of time (from decades to millions of years). Meanwhile, climate change and global warming are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the earth's surface. From the perspective of large time periods, climate change is caused by a multitude of factors like variations in solar radiation (changing parameters of the earth’s orbit, variations of the solar activity observed via sunspot number), drifting continents (see plate tectonics), volcanic eruptions (producing large amounts of sulfate-based aerosols), and possibly others. During the last decades, human activities (in particular burning of fossil fuel and pollution as the main consequences of the growth of population and industrialization) have been identified as significant causes of recent climate change, often referred to as global warming . The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports in its foreword that “the IPCC is now 95 percent certain that humans are the main cause of current global warming [ 1 , 2 ]. The report states in its Summary for Policymakers that “human influence on the climate system is clear, and recent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are the highest in history. Recent climate changes have had widespread impacts on human and natural systems” [ 3 ].

Climate change has gained strongly increasing attention in the natural sciences and more recently also in the social and political sciences. Scientists actively work to understand the past climate and to predict the future climate by using observations and theoretical models. Various subfields from physics, chemistry, meteorology, and geosciences (atmospheric chemistry and physics, geochemistry and geophysics, oceanography, paleoclimatology etc.) are interlinked. Climate change has also become a major political, economic, and environmental issue during the last decade and a central theme in many political and public debates. How to address, mitigate and adapt to climate change has become a hot issue. The scientific community has contributed extensively to these debates with various data, discussions, and projections on the future climate as well as on the effects and risks of the expected climatic change.

The large and strongly growing amount of climate change research literature has brought about that scientists working within this research field experience increasingly problems to maintain a view over their discipline. Modern information systems could possibly offer databases and analysis tools providing a better overview on the entire research field. However, due to lack of access and experience concerning suitable databases and analysis tools, many experts do not take advantage of them. But meanwhile, a series of bibliometrics analyses have been published by scientometricians, stimulated by the growing scientific, political, and public attention of research on climate change. These publications appeared both in subject specific journals in the field of climate change research as well as in bibliometrics journals:

Based on a sample of 113,468 publications on environmental assessment from the past 20 years, Li and Zhao [ 4 ] “used a bibliometric analysis to study the literature in terms of trends of growth, subject categories and journals, international collaboration, geographic distribution of publications, and scientific research issues” (p. 158). The h index was used to evaluate global environmental assessment research quality among countries. According to this study, the USA and UK have the highest h index among the contributing countries. Stanhill [ 5 ] discussed the growth of climate change science and found a doubling of the related publications every 11 years. Li et al. [ 6 ] analyzed the scientific output of climate change research since 1992 “to assess the characteristics of research patterns, tendencies, and methods in the papers… It was concluded that the items ‘temperature’, ‘environment’, ‘precipitation’, ‘greenhouse gas’, ‘risk’, and ‘biodiversity’ will be the foci of climate change research in the 21st century, while ‘model’, ‘monitoring’, and ‘remote sensing’ will continue to be the leading research methods” (p. 13).

Based on co-citation analysis, Schwechheimer and Winterhager [ 7 ] identified highly dynamic, rapidly developing research fronts of climate research. ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) irregularity, vegetation & ice-age climate, and climate-change & health were found as the research fields with the highest immediacy values.

Other bibliometric studies deal with more specific topics within the field of climate research: Ji et al. [ 8 ] analyzed research on Antarctica, Wang et al. [ 9 ] discussed the vulnerability of climate change, and Pasgaard and Strange [ 10 ] presented a quantitative analysis of around 15,000 scientific publications from the time period 1999–2010, discussing the distribution of climate change research throughout the contributing countries and the potential causes of this distribution. Vasileiadou [ 11 ] have explored the impact of the IPCC Assessment Reports on science. Bjurström and Polk [ 12 , 13 ] analyzed the interdisciplinarity of climate change research based on the referenced journals in the IPCC Third Assessment Report [ 14 ] via co-citation analysis. Hellsten and Leydesdorff [ 15 ] analyzed the development of the knowledge base and programmatic focus of the journal Climatic Change . Most interesting and in contrast to substantial public doubt are the findings of Anderegg et al. [ 2 ]. They conclusively revealed the striking agreement among climate research scientists on the anthropogenic cause of climate change based on the publications of 1,372 top climate experts. Janko et al. [ 16 ] analyzed the controversies about climate change through comparison of references in and citations of contrarian reports.

Most of the studies in the past focused on specific topics within climate change research and do not present an analysis of the complete research field. The few comprehensive studies mentioned above used search queries for the literature search which are more or less inappropriate: They are mostly based on queries for literature retrieval, using somewhat arbitrary items for selecting subfields. The corresponding publication sets are therefore limited with regard to completeness: Stanhill [ 5 ] has analyzed the growth of climate change relevant literature using exclusively the abstract journal of the American Meteorological Society as publication set. Li et al. [ 6 ] analyzed trends in research on global climate change: “‘Climate change’, ‘climate changes’, ‘climatic change’, and ‘climatic changes’ were used as the keyword to search titles, abstracts, and keywords from 1992 to 2009” (p. 14). Pasgaard and Strange [ 10 ] used “the search phrases climat* AND change* and global warming (with asterisk wildcards)” (p. 1685). Only Wang et al. [ 9 ] applied a more sophisticated method (see below) but his analysis deals exclusively with the climate change vulnerability.

The analysis presented here extends to the time period of the publications relevant for climate change research from 1980 (the time when climate change emerged as a new research field) to the present (end of 2014). We developed a sophisticated search query to cover the relevant literature as completely as possible and to exclude (climate) research not relevant for the global warming issue. Based on a carefully selected publication set of 222,060 papers (including 10,932,050 references cited therein), we firstly analyzed the growth of the overall publication output and of major subfields between 1980 and 2014. Secondly, we examined the topical shifting of the climate change relevant research by title word analysis. Finally, we identified the most contributing journals and countries and their overall citation impact. The previous papers either did not consult any citation based impact data, or they present citation counts which are not normalized with regard to the publication year and the specific research field of the cited publication (e.g. Li and Zhao [ 4 ]).

Search for the literature and description of the dataset

It is not an easy task to select all papers (to avoid confusion with the document type “article,” the term “paper” rather than “article” is used throughout this manuscript for any kind of journal-based publication) related to a specific research field or research topic using literature databases as information source. Completeness or recall ( all relevant papers) and high precision ( only relevant papers) are inversely related and mutually exclusive [ 17 ]. This basic connection between completeness and precision precludes a much “cleaner” publication set (i.e. more hits and concurrently less non-relevant papers). In particular, a broad research field like climate change research is not clearly defined and there is no sufficient categorization by keywords, index terms or thesauri. Since the beginning of climate change research, a lot of (neighboring) disciplines tend to relate their research topics on climate research but their papers often deal primarily with other topics.

Wang et al. [ 9 ] who gave an overview of climate change vulnerability, applied a more sophisticated method which they called a four step backward searching. This strategy comprises a preliminary search for key papers and a renewed search based on the synonyms revealed by the keyword analysis of the key papers. This kind of strategy has been called “interactive query formulation” and was discussed extensively by Wacholder [ 18 ]: “Iterative query reformulation involves creation of a new variant (reformulation) of a previous query … In the flow-of-information model, query reformulation is treated as a subprocess of the broader QF process” (p. 161). In the present analysis we applied a similar approach for the data retrieval. We have used the Web of Science (WoS) custom data (1980–2015) of the database producer Thomson Reuters (Philadelphia, USA) derived from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), and Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI), allowing more advanced retrieval options than the online version of the WoS. Due to the more advanced retrieval options the number of publications might differ slightly compared to the online version of the WoS. However, this does not affect our analysis significantly.

Step 1: We searched for the term “*climat* chang*” (to include in particular the following phrases: climate/climatic change/changes/changing) within the titles only to establish a publication set of key papers (n = 29,396) with publication years between 1980 and 2015. Out of this publication set the keywords have been selected and ranked according to their frequency of occurrence. Based on the most frequently appearing more complex keywords within the selected set of key papers we looked for climate change synonyms and established the following list of search terms (with asterisk wildcards for truncation to cover in particular the terms given in parentheses):

*climat* chang* (climate/climatic change/changes/changing)

*climat* warming* (climate/climatic)

*global temperature* (temperature/temperatures)

*global warming*

*greenhouse gas* (gas/gases)

*greenhouse effect* (effect/effects)

*greenhouse warming*

During selection of these search terms we had to distinguish between “classical” climate research (not referring to global warming) and climate change research (although no clear differentiation is possible). Classical climate research deals for example with the modification of landscapes through glacial periods (ice ages) or with basic topics in meteorology. The keywords have been selected here against the climate change research background. For example, terms like “climate variability” are not included in our search term list, because they appear also in biological and medical studies far from research on climate change. We may assume, however, that papers on climate variability, which are actually relevant for climate change research, are covered by the other search terms.

Step 2: We searched the more complex search terms derived from step 1 listed above and in addition the short term “*climat*” each within the titles only. The left truncation in addition to the right truncation of the term “climat” was used to include also terms such as “pal(a)eoclimate”. We found only one single term covered by this left and right truncation which is not closely related to climate change research: “acclimation” or “acclimatization”, respectively. Papers with “*acclimat*” in the title were removed unless they contain the term “climat*” (with right truncation but without left truncation) in the title.

Searching titles for the term “*climat* retrieves a certain amount of papers with limited relevance for the climate change topic, but also many papers which mention unforeseeable terms around climate change (e.g. climate cycle, climate model, climate policy, and past climate). Considering the strongly increasing number of publications dealing with research on climate change (see below), we may assume (at least for the more recent publications) a high probability that a paper is related to climate change research, if the term “*climat*” does appear in the title.

Step 3: We searched the more complex terms from step 1 within the abstracts only. Although searching in abstracts only is not possible in the WoS, it is possible in our in-house database derived from the WoS data. Abstract searching based on short terms like “climat*” results in too many papers which are not closely related to climate change research. Note that abstracts are generally included in WoS since 1991 for the SCI-E and 1992 for the SSCI only. A few papers have been indexed with abstracts prior to 1991 in WoS.

Step 4: In addition to the title word searching of step 2, we also executed a keyword-based search with the same terms as for the titles. Again, papers with the keywords “acclimation” or “acclimatization” were removed from the publication set unless the keyword section also contained “climat*” (with right but without left truncation).

Step 5: The results from steps 2–4 were combined with a logical OR and refined to articles and reviews as document types (i.e. only substantial contributions to the field are considered). The search as described above was restricted to the time period from 1980 to 2014 and eventually resulted in a publication set of 222,060 papers (articles and reviews only). This is definitely not the complete publication set covering any research paper relevant for the climate change research topic. However, we may assume that we have included by far most of the relevant papers, in particular the key papers dealing with research on climate change. Previous studies dealing with overall climate change research and extending to more recent publication years are based on substantially smaller publication sets (e.g. Li et al. [ 6 ]: around 30,000 papers).

For the growth analysis of some major research fields, the publication set resulting from step 5 has been combined with a logical AND using the additional search terms or phrases, respectively, shown in Table 1 .

Table 1. Definition of subtopics by search terms which are connected with a logical AND with the climate change literature searched before.

These terms were searched in the title and keyword fields. The left and right truncations of these search terms are expected to yield no unwanted hits because each of them is combined via a logical AND with our primary climate change publication set.

Statistics for the data analysis

Normalization of citation impact.

The publication set has been analyzed with regard to the most perceived sub-fields, journals and countries by analyzing the overall citation impact of the publications. Thus, we used citation counts to measure the impact publications from certain sub-fields, journals, and countries have on science. Since the total citation impact of the publications is used in this study, not only the impact of the publications on the climate change research is measured, but also the impact on science in general. However, most of the citation impact will fall on the climate change research itself and can thus be interpreted accordingly.

Pure citation counts of papers are not meaningful, because they depend not only on the importance of research (for the research of other researchers than the authors), but also on the subject category and the publication year of the papers [ 19 ]. For example, one can expect more citations on average for papers in biology than for papers in the social sciences (using citation data from WoS). Therefore, we present citation impact scores in this study which are normalized concerning the particular publication year and WoS subject category [ 20 ]. The normalization is done in our in-house database as follows: The proportion of papers of a given publication set A (e.g. a journal or a country) which belong to the most frequently cited papers in the corresponding WoS subject categories and publication years has emerged as the most robust normalized impact score [ 21 , 22 ]. In order to ascertain the proportion of papers, for every paper in A the reference set with comparable papers is composed. The comparable papers consist of papers belonging to the same subject category and publication year as the paper from A. The papers in the reference sets are sorted in descending order by their citation counts and the most frequently cited papers are identified. Then, either a paper from A belongs to the most frequently cited papers in the corresponding reference set (P Ai = 1) or not (P Ai = 0). Only some papers from A are fractionally assigned to the most frequently cited papers, if their citation counts position them at the threshold which is used to separate the most frequently cited papers from the rest in the reference set [ 23 ]. Based on this value for every paper i in A (0, …, 1), the proportion of papers in A is calculated which belongs to the most frequently cited papers in their set of comparable papers. In the case that a paper belongs to multiple subject categories, impact values are calculated for such papers in each subject category and average values are used for impact values on a paper basis.

The indicator PP top 50% is the proportion of papers in A which belongs to the 50% most frequently cited papers. Thus, this is the proportion of papers which is cited equal to or more frequently than “an average paper” in the corresponding reference sets. PP top 50% is the basic citation impact indicator in bibliometrics which indicates above average perceptions of literature with PP top 50% >50 and below average perceptions with PP top 50% <50 (50 is the expected value indicating an average impact). Besides PP top 50% , two further indicators are frequently used in bibliometric studies (e.g. in the Leiden Ranking), which focus on the excellence level: PP top 10% and PP top 1% , respectively, specifies the papers which belong to the 10% and 1%, respectively, most frequently cited papers. The expected values for an average paper set are 10 for PP top 10% and 1 for PP top 1% . These indicators show, e.g., whether a given country B was able to publish more papers in the excellence area than a given country C. With more papers in this area, country B would have contributed more important papers to the climate change research than country C.

As citations accumulate rather slowly over time, we restrict the citation impact analyses to the time period 1980–2012 whenever impact indicators are performed. Citations were gathered until May 15 th 2015 which allows for a citation window of at least three years.

Mapping of research topics

Bibliometrics aims to quantify the outcome and interconnection of scientific activity. The number of publications is the most popular measure of output, while the number of citations is the most popular indicator of impact, which is one (measurable) aspect of quality. Text searching (data mining) is another tool which may be used to quantify content. A simple method for revealing the hot topics of a research field is based on an analysis of the title words (or alternatively: the keywords) of the literature published so far. In our study we used the VOSviewer software package [ 24 ] for mapping the title words of the climate research literature of our publication set (see www.vosviewer.com )

The maps created by VOSviewer and used in this study are based on bibliographic coupling as a technique to position nodes (in our case: the corresponding title words). The distance between the nodes is proportional to the similarity (relatedness) with regard to the cited references. Hence, title words of papers that cite similar literature are found closer to each other. The automatically performed arrangement of the nodes is highly sensitive and might change significantly if rather few papers are added or removed. However, the size of the nodes (the larger the number of papers with a specific title word, the larger the node) and the distances between each other are hardly affected. The nodes on a map are also assigned by VOSviewer to clusters (they are highlighted in different colors). These clusters identify closely related nodes, where each node is assigned to only one cluster [ 25 ]. VOSviewer uses a modularity-based clustering technique, which is closely related to the multidimensional scaling technique [ 26 ] and is based on the smart local moving algorithm [ 27 ].

Overall growth and growth in terms of disciplines and subfields

As a first step to provide an overview of the development of the entire research dealing with climate change, the time evolution of the publication productivity (output) of this research field (measured as number of papers published per year) has been analyzed. Fig 1 shows the annual number of papers published within the time period 1980–2014 and covered by the WoS database.

Fig 1. Time evolution of the overall number of climate change relevant papers (articles and reviews).

The distinct step from 1990 to 1991 does not signal a sudden increase in productivity but solely the fact that the WoS does not include abstracts before 1991. As a consequence, searches using the WoS field tag “topic” in combination with publication years prior to 1991 yield significantly lower hit numbers (frequently one order of magnitude).

According to Fig 1 , the total number of papers dealing with climate change shows a strong increase: Within the time period 1991 to 2010, the number of climate change papers published per year increased by a factor of ten, whereas in the same time period the overall number of papers covered by the WoS databases increased “only” by a factor of around two. The data row of Fig 1 exhibits a doubling of the climate change papers every 5–6 years. The exponential growth of climate change literature is possibly induced by the increasing influence of the IPCC Assessment Reports, which eventually made climate change research a hot topic. These reports revealed the strong need of further research for a better understanding of the earth’s climate system and for improved predictions of the future climate. Furthermore, the effects, impacts and risks of climate change became more and more concrete. The discussion of the question of human induced climate change towards a clear fact (at least for the majority of the scientific community, see Anderegg [ 2 ] stimulated research on future pathways for adaptation and mitigation.

The literature growth is roughly in accordance with the results of Grieneisen and Zhang [ 28 ], who report that the number of publications on climate change and global warming has doubled with a rate of approximately every 4 years. As mentioned above, Stanhill [ 5 ] found a doubling rate of 11 years for the time period 1951–1997. To put this into perspective, we compare our results with the growth rate of the overall science: According to Bornmann and Mutz [ 29 ] the total volume of publications covered by the WoS between 1980 and 2012 doubled approximately every 24 years. Hence, the growth rate of climate change related publications is extraordinarily high. The bend down around 2012 is presumably caused by still incomplete coverage of the recent publication years through WoS and is no sign of decline.

The results of the analysis of the climate change related papers with regard to their disciplines of origin are shown in Figs 2 and 3 . The figures are based on the main OECD categories assigned. Compared to the WoS research areas and subject categories, the main OECD categories are broader grained and therefore better suitable for an overview.

Fig 2. Time evolution of the field-specific climate change related papers published since 1980, based on the main OECD categories assigned.

Papers which are assigned to more than one main OECD category are multiply counted.

Fig 3. Field-specific relative increase of climate change related papers published since 1980, based on the main OECD categories (the number of papers published in 1980 equals 100%).

As expected, climate change research is dominated by the natural sciences. Further analyses of our data with regard to the specific research areas show that the earth sciences (meteorology and atmospheric sciences), the biological, the agricultural sciences, and the environmental sciences are predominant.

Fig 3 shows the relative increase of papers since 1980 assigned to the main OECD categories. The paper share is presented in percent increase based on the numbers from 1980 (thus, the number of papers published in the year 1980 in each case equals 100%).

According to Fig 4 , climate change research has become an issue also for disciplines beyond the natural sciences (e.g. engineering, history, law, management, sociology etc.). The categories Engineering and Social Sciences show the strongest increase since around 2005. Since around 2009 the relative increase of the Natural Sciences and the Social Sciences is almost identical. Obviously, climate change is increasingly seen as a fact to be considered for the near future: The need to limit fuel combustion and to adapt to global warming apparently is a huge stimulation for various technological developments and research on the implications of climate change. For example, sociologists analyzed the public understanding and the discussion of climate change in science, politics, and the mass media [ 30 , 31 ]. Furthermore, the Humanities have discovered climate change as a research topic. Historians for example reconstructed climate extremes in medieval history [ 32 ].

Fig 4. Time evolution of the papers of the major subfields within climate change research.

These research topics comprise 182,594 papers (82.2%) of our publication set (n = 222,060).

Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways (changes in average temperatures, rainfall, climate extremes) and therefore has become an important field of investigation within climate change research. Climate change will likely affect food production and probably increases the risk of food shortage [ 3 ]. Although climate change is increasingly relevant also for medicine, the portion of output of this field of study is comparatively low.

The OECD categories are very broad and imply a classification of journals and not of the specific papers published therein. Also, many journals publish papers from different research fields and are assigned to more than one category which causes a certain amount of impreciseness. In order to differentiate our publication set with regard to the major subfields of climate change research we applied a different method: We parsed our paper set by combining with carefully selected further search terms which are based (1) on the title word analysis from step 1 of our literature search procedure and (2) on the major topics of climate change research as indicated by various summarizing publications (e.g. the IPCC Synthesis Report 2014, table of contents [ 1 ]).

As a first category of search terms, we selected the papers dealing with the main climate subsystems: the atmosphere, the oceanic water, the continental water, the ice sheets and glaciers, and the continental biomass. Additionally, we selected the literature specifically dealing with the various forms of atmospheric and oceanographic circulation or oscillation phenomena. All these search terms mark the kind of basic research in climatology, atmospheric- and geosciences, meteorology, and oceanography, which is undertaken to better understand the earth’s climate system. We completed this category by separately searching for the more theoretical publications dealing with climate modeling and the prediction of future climate. As a second category, we searched for papers dealing with the adaptation to climate change or its mitigation as well as papers focusing on effects, impacts, and risks of climate change. Such research takes climate change more or less as a matter of fact and discusses possible consequences and reactions. The corresponding terms were searched in titles and keywords only, because a search in abstracts might have resulted in too many false positives. For more detailed information of the search procedure, see the search terms in Table 1 . Fig 4 shows the time evolution of the papers of the major subfields within climate change research.

According to Fig 4 , continental biomass related research is the largest subfield within climate change research, closely followed by climate modeling, which demonstrates the importance of theoretical investigations (admittedly, these two subfields are rather broad). Next come research dealing with oceanic water, with impacts and effects of climate change, and with continental water (lakes, rivers, rainfall). Due to the radiative imbalance of the earth, less energy leaves the atmosphere than enters it. By far most of this extra energy has been absorbed by the oceans, which makes the oceans a major climate factor. The term “*sea*” was searched in addition to the terms “*ocean*” and “*marin*” to include papers dealing for example with changing sea surface temperatures or the rise of the sea levels into the answer set. Another major subfield is represented by the topic ice and snow (e.g. ice cores, ice sheets, glaciers, shelf ice). Ice cores are most important for the dating and reconstruction of the earth’s past climate as well as for the prediction of the future climate.

The next major subfield is related to the atmosphere as another important climate subsystem (beside the ice and water related subsystems). This subfield includes research on clouds, on wind and storms (i.e. the key topics of meteorology), but also on aerosols (see volcanic eruptions). In contrast to impacts and effects of climate change, which appear as a major field of interest, research dealing with the adaptation to and the mitigation of climate change as well as with the risks and the vulnerability of global warming are comparatively small. Both were next to insignificant until 2004, but their share of papers increased exponentially since 2005, showing the strongly increasing research activity in this field. Global warming also affects ocean currents and thereby periodical climate changes like ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) and NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation). As a more specific research topic and a subset of the atmospheric and oceanic water subfields, this research represents the smallest topic within our publication set, thereby masking somewhat the importance of these research activities. In Table 2 , the total number of papers as well as the bibliometric indicators PP Top 50% , PP Top 10% , and PP Top 1% of the papers belonging to the specific subfields are given.

Table 2. Major subfields of climate change research, ranked by publication output within the time period 1980–2012.

In addition, the bibliometric indicators PP Top 50% , PP Top 10% , and PP Top 1% of the papers belonging to the specific subfields are given.

According to Table 2 , all subfields together comprise more than 81% of the total climate change papers published within the time period 1980–2012 (note that we have restricted all citation impact analyses to 2012 as the most recent publication year). The PP Top 50% values of all subfields are above the proportion of the total climate change literature (PP Top 50% = 63.43%). Research on vulnerability (PP Top 1% = 3.51) and on adaptation (PP Top 1% = 3.47) can be seen as the subfields within climate change research publishing the largest proportion of very important papers.

Contributing journals

In accordance with the publication practice in the core natural sciences, we assume that research results from climate change research are mainly published as journal (or conference) articles which are predominantly covered by literature databases like WoS. Thus, the number of papers published in a specific journal can be seen as a measure of the importance or “weight” of that journal for a specific research topic or field. In so far, it is interesting to find out, which journals are dominating quantitatively as publication medium for researchers active in the field of climate change research. Table 3 shows the distribution of the climate change research papers included in our data set throughout the journals which have published at least 1000 papers. Again, the bibliometric indicators PP Top 50% , PP Top 10% , and PP Top 1% have been calculated.

Table 3. Distribution of climate change research papers throughout the top journals (with at least 1,000 papers).

In addition, the bibliometric indicators PP Top 50% , PP Top 10% , and PP Top 1% of the journals are given.

Most important are the Journal of Geophysical Research , the Journal of Climate , and the Geophysical Research Letters in terms of the total number of papers published. The journal Climatic Change , which has been founded specifically for research papers on climate change, appears on rank four. Nature as one of the most prominent multidisciplinary journals appears on lower ranks but shows the highest PP Top 50% : Nearly all papers published in Nature belong to the 50% most frequently cited papers. Most journals show a comparatively high citation impact. The proportion of highly received papers (PP Top 1% ) is very large for the journals Global Change Biology (PP Top 1% = 5.83%) and Quaternary Science Reviews (PP Top 1% = 4.53%).

Contributing countries

Climate change research is not only a highly multidisciplinary undertaking but also a research area with many countries being active and cooperating with each other. The number of papers of each country and their citation impact based on the PP Top 50% values are shown in Table 4 , together with the percentage of excellent papers (i.e. PP Top 10% and PP Top 1% ). The PP TopX% values in columns 2 are relative to the countries’ overall impact of all papers between 1980 and 2012. A value of 200 for example corresponds to twice the impact of the countries’ climate change papers compared to all the countries’ papers in the aforementioned time frame.

Table 4. Countries of authors ranked by publication output within the time period 1980–2012 (only countries with at least 1,000 papers are considered).

All contributing authors are considered; this implies a substantial overlap, since the cooperating authors of a specific paper often work in different countries. In addition, the bibliometric indicators PP Top 50% , PP Top 10% , and PP Top 1% of the countries are included: Column (1) includes the impact of climate change papers, and column (2) displays the impact of climate change papers relative to the overall impact of the countries’ papers published between 1980 and 2012.

According to Table 4 , research on climate change is quantitatively dominated by the USA, followed by the UK, Germany, and Canada. China appears on rank five, followed by France and Australia. PP Top 50% of these seven countries (with more than 10,000 papers in total) extends between 56.98% (China) and 74.59% (UK). PP Top 1% ranges from 1.6% (China) to 4.13% (UK). PP Top 10% ranges from 14.58% (China) to 26.13% (UK). Hence, the three citation-based indicators exhibit consistently that the UK has produced papers in climate change research with the largest reception compared to the other countries (with more than 10,000 papers). However, the other top countries rank nearby (with the exception of China, which nevertheless ranks above average). Switzerland, Denmark and also The Netherlands (with a publication output between around 3,000 and 6,000 papers) perform top with regard to all three bibliometric indicators–the impact of their contributions to climate change research is impressive. The citation impact of the climate change papers of all countries is above or far above the overall impact of the countries’ papers each.

Li et al. [ 6 ] presented a comparison of publication trends of the top seven most productive countries and found a quite similar ranking concerning the publication numbers (with only one exception: Australia appears on rank 5 compared to rank 7 in our publication output ranking).

Visualization of the time evolution of research topics

The maps presented in Fig 5 and Fig 6 show the title word clusters (clouds) of the climate change papers of the overall publication set (1980–2014) and of the papers from three specific publication time periods (1980–1990, 2003, and 2014). We have chosen these specific time periods in order to compare the papers of the most recent (complete) publication year (2014) with early publication years (1980–1990) and a publication year in between (2003). Due to the low number of papers per year before 1990 (caused by both the low publication output at that time and the lack of abstracts in WoS prior to 1991) we had to accumulate the early papers from a publication time period of about a decade (1980–1990). All title words of the same cluster appear as circles with the same color. The distance between the circles relates to the distance (or closeness) in terms of bibliographic coupling. The size of the circle is proportional to the number of papers found with these terms in the titles.

Fig 5. Title words from bibliographic coupling of climate change papers published within the overall time period 1980–2014.

The minimum number of papers containing a specific title word is 20. Readers interested in an in-depth analysis of our publication set can use VOSviewer interactively and zoom into the clusters. The NET and MAP files for the time period 1980–2014 for VOSviewer can be found at http://www.fkf.mpg.de/CC4_TI_20.zip and a Java-based web-runnable version can be started at http://www.vosviewer.com/vosviewer.php?map=http://www.fkf.mpg.de/CC4_TI_20_map&network=http://www.fkf.mpg.de/CC4_TI_20_net .

Title words from bibliographic coupling of climate change papers published a) 1980–1990, b) 2003, and c) 2014. The minimum number of papers containing a specific title word is 10. The coloring of the clusters automatically performed by VOSviewer is different for each map of the three selected publication times. Readers interested in an in-depth analysis of our publication set can use VOSviewer interactively and zoom into the clusters. The NET and MAP files for the three time periods 1980–1990, 2003, and 2014 for VOSviewer can be found at http://www.fkf.mpg.de/CC4_TI_10_time_periods.zip and Java-based web-runnable versions can be started at http://www.vosviewer.com/vosviewer.php?map=http://www.fkf.mpg.de/CC4_TI_10_early_map&network=http://www.fkf.mpg.de/CC4_TI_10_early_net for 1980–1990, http://www.vosviewer.com/vosviewer.php?map=http://www.fkf.mpg.de/CC4_TI_10_middle_map&network=http://www.fkf.mpg.de/CC4_TI_10_middle_net for 2003, and http://www.vosviewer.com/vosviewer.php?map=http://www.fkf.mpg.de/CC4_TI_10_late_map&network=http://www.fkf.mpg.de/CC4_TI_10_late_net for 2014.

The most pronounced title words of the papers published within the overall time period 1980–2014 are climate change , effect , and impact (center). The red cluster (center right) includes papers related to energy and policy topics. Major title words are: climate change , adaptation , emission , framework , uncertainty , cost , technology , and policy (in the order of decreasing frequency). The blue cluster (center left) combines the papers around paleoclimate. Major title words are: record , year , variation , lake , sediment , and event . The green cluster (bottom left) contains theoretical publications. Major title words are: ( climate ) model , data , parametrization , and simulation (but also variability , which often appears in combination with climate modeling). The yellow cluster (center top) illustrates the importance of biological effects of global warming. Major title words are: effect , forest , soil , and plant . And finally, the magenta cluster (top) marks papers concerning acclimatization and survival of species.

If we analyze and compare the maps based on the three selected time spans (c.f. Fig 6 ) we find some remarkable changes: The title word map of the first decade (1980–1990, Fig 6A ) shows the term climate as the most pronounced title word. The terms effect and influence appear secondarily. The term climatic change and the related terms appear third-rated (i.e. as small circles). The title word map constructed from papers published in the year 2003 ( Fig 6B ) for the first time accentuates the term change . The 2014 map ( Fig 6C ) is quite similar to the map of the overall publication set ( Fig 5 ) with climate change and effect as the most pronounced terms. The reader might miss the term impact , but it is hidden behind climate change .

The changing title words based on the maps of the three specific publication times exhibit that the term climate change comes forward with time. Obviously, the authors increasingly use a term which implies global warming (and therewith anthropogenic causes) as a matter of fact. Furthermore, the term impact arises and points to research dealing with the various effects and risks of climate change–see also the IPCC Synthesis Report 2014, Summary for Policymakers [ 3 ]. The term model and related terms (e.g. simulation ) appear independently of time. This indicates the high relevance of climate modeling since the beginning of the time period analyzed here.

This bibliometric study of a large and carefully selected publication set of papers dealing with research on climate change presents a multitude of quantitative data: (1) The growth of the overall publication output of climate change research as well as (2) of some major subfields, (3) the contributing journals and countries and their citation impact, and (4) a title word analysis aiming to illustrate the time evolution and relative importance of specific research topics.

The total number of papers dealing with climate change shows a strong increase: Within the time period 1991 to 2010, the number of climate change papers increased by a factor of ten and exhibits a doubling every 5–6 years. The exponential growth of climate change literature is possibly induced by the increasing influence of the IPCC Assessment Reports, which underlined risks of global warming and eventually made climate change research a hot topic. These reports revealed the strong need of further research for a better understanding of the earth’s climate system and for improved predictions of the future climate. Our findings are in rough accordance with Grieneisen and Zhang [ 28 ], who reported that the number of publications on climate change and global warming has doubled with a rate of approximately every 4 years. In contrast, Stanhill [ 5 ] had found a doubling rate of 11 years. But his publication set is based only on the abstract journal of the American Meteorological Society from the (earlier) time period 1951–1997. Compared with the growth of the overall science, the growth rate of climate change related publications is extraordinarily high: The total volume of publications covered by the WoS between 1980 and 2012 doubled approximately only every 24 years [ 29 ].

According to our subfield analysis, continental biomass related research is the major subfield within climate change research, closely followed by climate modeling. Next come research dealing with oceanic water, with impacts and effects of climate change, and with continental water (lakes, rivers, rainfall). Another major subfield is represented by the topics ice and snow (ice cores are most important for the dating and reconstruction of the earth’s past climate). The next major subfield is related to the atmosphere as another important climate subsystem (including research on clouds, wind, and storms). Research dealing with adaptation, mitigation, risks, and vulnerability of global warming is comparatively small, but their share of papers increased exponentially since 2005. As a more specific research topic and a subset of the oceanic water subfield, research on ocean currents represents the smallest topic within our publication set. The normalized citation impact of all subfields measured in terms of the proportion of most frequently cited papers is significantly above the expected values (50%, 10%, and 1%) and also above the proportions of the total climate change literature. Research on vulnerability (PP Top 1% = 3.51) and on adaptation (PP Top 1% = 3.47) published the largest proportion of very important papers for climate change research.

The journal analysis of our publication set revealed that the Journal of Geophysical Research , the Journal of Climate , and the Geophysical Research Letters appear at the top positions of the publication output ranking (in this order). The journal Climatic Change , which has been founded specifically for research papers on climate change, appears on rank four. Nature as one of the most prominent multidisciplinary journals appears on a lower rank but shows a very high citation impact.

Research on climate change is quantitatively dominated by the USA followed by the UK, Germany, and Canada. China appears on rank five, followed by France and Australia. The PP Top 50% values of these seven countries (with more than 10,000 papers in total) are between 56.98 (China) and 74.59 (UK). The three citation-based indicators exhibit consistently that the UK has produced papers in climate change research with the largest reception compared to the other countries (with more than 10,000 papers). Also, Switzerland, Denmark, and The Netherlands (with a publication output between around 3,000 and 6,000 papers) perform on a high level with regard to the three bibliometric indicators.

We mention here that the literature output can be seen as a combined measure of the size of a specific subfield as well as the amount of research activity and that it is no measure of research performance. For example, research dealing with ice is sometimes connected with highly specific research methods like ice core dating, which can be executed by only a few drilling teams. Although most important for the reconstruction of the earth’s past climate, the publication volume of such research is comparatively low.

The title word analysis shows that the term climate change comes forward with time. Obviously, the authors increasingly use a term which implies global warming (and therewith anthropogenic causes) as a matter of fact. Furthermore, the term impact arises and points to research dealing with the various effects of climate change. The discussion of the question of human induced climate change towards a clear fact (for the majority of the scientific community) stimulated research on future pathways for adaptation and mitigation. Finally, the term model and related terms (e.g. simulation ) appear independently of time, indicating the high relevance of climate modeling also revealed by the subfield analysis.

This study is a first attempt to a mapping of the complete climate change literature. However, more bibliometric research is needed to analyze and overview the research field from a quantitative perspective. Future research should focus on in-depth analyses of more specific topics like the impact of global warming on agriculture, fishery, forestry, and viniculture (winegrowing). Such studies can contribute to an understanding of the evolution, structure, and knowledge base of climate change research.

Like most bibliometric analyses this study has some limitations to be mentioned here: (1) The completeness of our data set is limited by the fact that abstracts are not searchable in WoS prior to 1991. (2) Title words are sometimes multi-meaning and not sufficiently specific for detailed interpretations. Therefore, one should avoid over-interpretation of title word analyses via VOSviewer.

Acknowledgments

The bibliometric data used in this paper are from an in-house database developed and maintained by the Max Planck Digital Library (MPDL, Munich) and derived from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) prepared by Thomson Reuters (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA).

Data Availability

The data have been obtained from Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science database. Readers can contact Thomson Reuters to obtain the data ( http://thomsonreuters.com/thomson-reuters-web-of-science/ ). Readers that do not have access to the Web of Science database can contact Thomson Reuters to obtain a license. Relevant information can be found at http://thomsonreuters.com/en/products-services/scholarlyscientific-reaserch/scholarly-search-and-discovery/web-of-science.html .

Funding Statement

The authors have no support or funding to report.

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