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REPORTED SPEECH

Reported speech unit 11 english 12 1. tense changes a.basic tense changes as a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense (the tense on ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• Unit 11 English 12
• I. DEFINITION
• II. BASIC RULES
• 1. Tense changes
• a. Basic tense changes
• b. Other tense changes
• 2. Time and place changes
• 3. Pronoun changes
• 4. Reporting Verbs
• 5. Use of 'That' in reported speech
• 6. Indirect Questions
• III. PRACTICE
• Reported speech (also known as indirect speech) refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English.
• Reported speech doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
• When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
• "I'm going to the cinema".
• He said he was going to the cinema.
• When changing from quoted speech to reported speech, several changes occur.  In all sentences, the quotation marks and the comma immediately before the first quotation mark are removed.  Next, the word "that" is usually inserted after the reporting verb (say, ask, told, etc.)  Then, the subject pronoun is changed so that the meaning of the quote is not changed.  Lastly, the tense of the verb is changed, or shifted. 
• She said, "I'm teaching English online."
• She said she was teaching English online.
• a.Basic tense changes
• As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right)
• Modal verb forms also sometimes change
• Time and place references often have to change
• If the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.
• I went to the theatre last night. He said he had gone to the theatre the night before.
• I'm staying here until next week. He said he was staying there until the following week.
• In addition if you report something that someone said in a different place to where you heard it, you must change the place (here) to the place (there).
• In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.
• For example
• Said, told and asked are the most common verbs used in indirect speech.
• We use asked to report questions
• I asked Lynne what time the lesson started.
• We use told with an object.
• Lynne told me she felt tired.
• We usually use said without an object.
• Lynne said she was going to teach online.
• If said is used with an object we must include to
• Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China.
• In reported speech, the word that is often used.
• He told me that he lived in Greenwich.
• However, that is optional.
• He told me he lived in Greenwich.
• !Note That is never used in questions, instead we often use if.
• He asked me if I would come to the party.
• Use verbs of speech for questions (asked, wondered, enquired, wanted to know, tried to find out, etc.)
• Use question words (where, when, who, why, how, etc) instead of that
• Change verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions (just like reported statements)
• Use question word subject verb word order (unlike a direct question) question word subject verb     He asked when they would arrive. My friend asked if I was coming

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REPORTED SPEECH.

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Reported Speech and Reporting verbs

REPORTED SPEECH USE FORM VERB CHANGES OTHER CHANGES EXAMPLES

FIRST CERTIFICATE PRACTICE GRADE 11

Reported Speech (2) Dragana Filipović.

Mr Gordana Zalad INFINITIVES TO + BASE FORM. TENSES OF THE INFINITIVE: Present Present Continuous ACTIVE To offer To be offering PASSIVE To be offered.

REPORTED SPEECH Intermediate Level.

Reported Speech or Indirect Speech

1. “Yes, I’ll book the flight for you.” 2. “I’m a film actor.” 3. “I want to speak to the manager.” 4. “Would you like me to pick you up after work?”

REPORTED SPEECH Unit 11 – English 12 Instructor: Nguyễn Ngọc Vũ

REPORTED SPEECH Intermediate level.

Lecture 15: Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech is the exact words someone said. We use quotation marks (“ ”) in direct speech. “ I want to help” Mary said. Reported Speech is the exact.

DIRECT SPEECH VERSUS REPORTED SPEECH. Form changes The above examples show some changes:  no inverted commas (‘...’) in reported speech, and no punctuation.

REPORTED SPEECH. WHEN YOU WANT TO SAY WHAT ANOTHER PERSON SAID BEFORE, YOU CAN USE THAT PERSON’S OWN WORDS, AND IT IS CALLED: DIRECT SPEECH DIRECT SPEECH.

Noun Clauses * A noun clause is a dependent/ subordinate clause that plays the role of a noun (i.e., name a person, a place or a thing) * Like any noun,

Direct speech Indirect speech Present simple She said, "It's cold." › Past simple She said it was cold. Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English.

Reported Speech.

REPORTED SPEECH OR INDIRECT SPEECH. WHY USE REPORTED SPEECH?  We use REPORTED SPEECH to report the meaning of what was said. Sometimes we report the.

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REPORTED SPEECH

Mar 21, 2019

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USE. FORM. VERB CHANGES. OTHER CHANGES. REPORTED SPEECH. EXAMPLES. REPORTING VERBS. EXERCISES. ANSWER KEY. USE. We use the reported speech when: We want to tell someone else what someone said or asked We want to repeat what someone said or asked. FORM.

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USE FORM VERB CHANGES OTHER CHANGES REPORTED SPEECH EXAMPLES REPORTING VERBS EXERCISES ANSWER KEY

USE • We use the reported speech when: • We want to tell someone else what someone said or asked • We want to repeat what someone said or asked

FORM • When we use the reported speech, we are usually talking about the past. So verbs usually change to the Past in the reported speech. • Tom said he was feeling ill. • We don’t change the verb tense if the introducing verb is in the SimplePresent, Present Perfect or Future. • He has just told me he can explain the fact. • He will probably tell you he can explain the fact. • Tom says he is feeling ill. • Notice: when we use the verb tell we must mention who is told. • She told me she was tired. • I told John I was going home.

Reporting Verbs We can introduce the reported speech with the verbs say and tell. But there are many other verbs that we can use which are more suggestive than these two. accuse – acusar ask – perguntar promise – prometer suspect - suspeitar advise – aconselhar beg – implorar refuse – recusar threaten – ameaçar agree – concordar warn – avisar suggest – sugerir complain – lamentar-se apologise – pedir desculpa

We turn the Imperative into an Infinitive and the sentence is usually introduced by one of the following verbs: tell, order, ask, warn advise, request. • “Go away!” He told me to go away. • “Don’t be afraid!” He told me not to be afraid. • “Stand up!” She ordered us to stand up. • The relative pronoun that can be used to introduce the reported sentence. • He said that he was having a party next week. • She told me that she had finished work a bit earlier. • The teacher told us that our tests had good results.

When we report questions we use if, whether or a question word. We use the following introducing verbs: ask, enquire, wonder, want to know. • “Are you enjoying yourself?” She asked me if I was enjoying myself. • “ Did you break the glass?” She enquiredwhether I had broken the glass. • “What do you see here?” He wanted to know what I saw there. • “Where is my test?” He wondered where his test was. • Notice: • in the reported speech whether is equivalent to if • the auxiliary do is not used in reported speech • the subject is placed before the verb as in the affirmative

VERB CHANGES DIRECT SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH Present Simple (he goes) Past simple (he went) Present Continuous ( he is going) Past Continuous (he was going) Past Simple ( he went) Past Perfect (he had gone) Present Perfect (he has gone) Future (will / shall) Conditional (would / should)

Modal Verbs DIRECT SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH can could may might might might could could will / shall would / should would would should should ought to ought to must must (regulations / prohibitions / probability) had to (present necessity or obligation)

OTHER CHANGES Personal Pronouns DIRECT SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH I he / she we they you he / she / him / her me him / her us them Demonstrative Pronouns DIRECT SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH this that these those

Possessives DIRECT SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH my his / her our their your his / her / my Place DIRECT SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH here there

Time DIRECT SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH now then / at the time today that day / on… yesterday the day before / the previous day tomorrow the next / the following day this week that week last year the year before / the previous year an hour ago an hour before next summer the following summer

EXAMPLES “I go to the library once a week” He said he went to the library once a week. “They are going to meet Susan at four.” I said they were going to meet Susan at four. “I don’t understand anything!” She told us she didn’t understand anything. “I will have to write to your parents.” He told me he would have to write to my parents. “We went to the theatre yesterday evening.” They said that they had gone to the theatre the evening before. “you must buy it now or it will disappear from the market.” He said I must buy it then or it would disappear from the market.

- “I Have you got all your luggage?” He enquired if I had all my luggage. - “Which one did you choose?” She wanted to know which one I had chosen. - “Can you remember when you heard the story?” The police inquired if she could remember when she had heard the story. - “Sit down!” The teacher ordered the students to sit down. - “keep the change.” The customer told the waiter to keep the change. - “Be sure not to leave the door open.” They advised us not to leave the door open.

EXERCISES • Report the following sentences. • “Someone is following me” I said… • “ I will write to your parents tomorrow.” The teacher told me… • “We haven’t seen her for ages.” They said… • “She’s the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen.” Peter said… • “He didn’t come in time for tea last Sunday.” She told Mary… • “They tried to make him leave the office.” I said… • “Children should eat some vegetables.” They said… • “Sorry for breaking the vase.” He apologised … • “Why don’t we go to a disco?” John suggested… • “I’ll pick you up at five.” Peter promised me …

Report the following questions. • “Have you got all your luggage?” He asked me… • “ Do you like vegetables?” The teacher asked… • “Has anyone seen Angela?” She enquired… • “Where did Jim find this box?” Peter wanted to know… • “Is there someone sitting near here?” She asked… • “What shall I have for dinner?” I wondered… • “Why did he go away so early?” She wanted to know… • “What’s your address?” He asked … • “What time will it start?” John enquired… • “What are you doing next Friday?” Peter asked Jane …

ANSWER KEY • Report the following sentences. • I said someone was following me. • The teacher told me she would write to my parents the day after. • They said they hadn’t seen her for ages. • Peter said she was the most beautiful girl he had ever seen. • She told Mary he hadn’t come in time for tea the Sunday before. • I said they had tried to make him leave the office. • They said that children should eat more vegetables. • He apologised for breaking the vase. • John suggested to go to a disco. • Peter promised me he would pick me up at five.

Report the following questions. • He asked me whether (if) I had got all my luggage. • The teacher asked if (whether) I liked vegetables. • She enquired if (whether) anyone had seen Angela. • Peter wanted to know where Jim had found that box. • She asked if (whether) there was someone sitting near there. • I wondered what I should have for dinner. • She wanted to know why he went away so early. • He asked what his / her address was. • John enquired what time it would start. • Peter asked Jane what she was doing the following Friday.

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