determine changes and potential implications for the region. Hydrophilic interaction liquid
chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) was utilized to determine the presence of any known and emerging PSTs in sample extracts.
2. Adapted from :
The exchange process frequently observed in polypyrrane condensations is proposed to occur by the acid-catalyzed fragmentation of a polypyrrane into pyrrolic and azafulvene components.15 As illustrated in Scheme 2, recombination of and can form a new polypyrrane that cannot be formed by direct condensation of the dipyrromethane and aldehyde. Ultimately this process leads to the production of a scrambled mixture of porphyrins. The factors that promote the scrambling process in MacDonald-type 2 + 2 condensations are poorly understood, but suppression of scrambling is essential for preparing large quantities of pure trans-porphyrins. In this paper we describe a study of a wide range of reaction conditions for the 2 + 2 condensation that has led to refined synthetic procedures for the preparation of trans-porphyrins.
3. Adapted from :
In the present paper, we focus on laser wake field acceleration in a new, highly non-linear regime. It occurs for laser pulses shorter than λ(p) but for relativistic intensities high enough to break the plasma wave after the first oscillation. In the present relativistic regime, one should notice that the plama wave fronts are curved and first break new the wave axis and for lower values than the plane-wave limit. This has been studied in 2D geometry in [14-17]. Here, we present 3D PIC simulations of two representative cases. The case (I) is just marginally above and the case (II) is far above the breaking threshold.
[bg_faq_start]
Good gap and fill signaling phrases are italicized.
1. “The factors that promote the scrambling process in MacDonald-type 2 + 2 condensations ….”
“ a study of a wide range of reaction conditions for the 2 + 2 condensation that has led to refined synthetic procedures for the preparation of trans-porphyrins.”
2. This question is a little trickier! The authors use “In the present paper…,” then, “In the present regime…,” and finally, “Here…,” all of which sound like signaling words for filling the gap. But where is the gap? We have to look closely at what exactly is being said. It is true that the first statement appears to be somewhat of a gap fill, although they haven’t yet given us a gap statement. The authors go on to say “This has been studied in 2D geometry,” which brings us back to move 1(iii), identifying critical evidence from the literature.
Thus, the is not explicit. It is a combination of stating that this concept has been studied in 2D, followed by announcement that the authors will study it in 3D.
: “ 3D PIC simulations of two representative cases.”
Although the first sentence (“… we focus on laser wake field acceleration…”) could also be considered part of the fill, because it comes before the gap statement and is also less descriptive, it functions more as an introduction to these moves.
3. According to the national monitoring program in Portugal, G. catenatum along the Portuguese coast during the 10-year period from 1995 to 2005.”
to fully characterize the toxin profile of G. catenatum strains isolated from the NW Portuguese coast before and after the 10-year absence of blooms to
determine changes and potential implications for the region.”
[bg_faq_end]
[bg_faq_end]
[bg_faq_start] Find 3-4 primary research articles (not reviews) from reputable journals in your field. Underline the gap statement and circle the gap fill. Remember that not all papers follow this exact move structure, so if you can’t seem to find either of these moves, you might have to look carefully at different parts of the introduction and ask yourself: [bg_faq_end] |
From research discovery to gap finding
The aim of all research is to add to or enhance existing knowledge. Arguably, we can only achieve this once we understand the work that has already been carried out in a given field. There are varying opinions, depending on the field of inquiry and methodological approach involved, regarding the level of familiarity a researcher should have with existing literature prior to commencing fieldwork, however it is generally accepted that research should fill gaps in the literature. It is perhaps surprising, then, that so little is written about just how to find a “research gap” in the first place.
The most obvious way to find a research gap is simply to read and analyse the relevant literature. However, this is easier said than done, as the volume of published literature can be staggering. Fortunately, there are some excellent bibliographic databases, which can speed the process of searching for relevant literature. Literature analysis may then be approached either qualitatively or quantitively.
A qualitative analysis may involve the development of a concept matrix (Webster & Watson, 2002) or similar.
Figure 1: Example of a concept matrix (adapted from Webster & Watson, 2002)
Legend: O (organisation), G (group), I (individual)
The concept matrix assists researchers to organise the literature they have read, according to the concepts it relates to. It can be adapted, depending on the area of interest. In the example above, for instance, units of analysis are included.
Quantitative analysis of literature may be carried out using a variety of tools, from systematic reviews to meta-analyses, citation analyses, and text mining (Marrone, 2017). Choice of tools may be determined to some extent by the ability of the researcher to acquire or access the technical expertise to leverage them.
Reading and analysing the literature may reveal gaps which can be explored, however Alvesson & Sandberg (2011) suggest that research gaps may also be created by the researcher. By linking together work which has previously been considered separately, a researcher can uncover uncharted territory. In this way, opportunities to contribute to existing knowledge are constructed (Locke & Golden-Biddle, 1997) rather than merely identified.
Several authors have sought to characterise research gaps, describing the various forms they can take, whether considered from the perspective of objectively identifiable existing gaps in research (gap finding) or as opportunities to construct new “gaps” (gap creation). Some examples are summarised below.
Figure 2: Characteristics of research gaps (Click to see image bigger)
Step-by-step guides to finding research gaps are hard to come by, however in the field of medical epidemiology, a framework for identifying research gaps from systematic reviews of literature has been published (Robinson et al., 2011). In this field, the PICOS framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Setting) is commonly used to characterise a research gap. Robinson et al. (2011) suggest that an analysis of the reason for the existence of the gap can further inform the development of research questions. The reasons elucidated by Robinson et al. (2011) for the existence of research gaps are similar to the characteristics of gaps described by other authors, as shown in figure 2 (Characteristics of Research Gaps).
There are many ways to go about identifying research gaps, perhaps so many that the options may on occasion be overwhelming. A considered approach, coupled with knowledge and utilisation of the tools available to assist in research gap-finding, is likely to result in improved research design.
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“ Choosing a topic, research or subject that has not been answered or explored yet by any other scientists is referred to as a research gap.”
Unfortunately, it’s difficult to find one!
When you start reading literature, initially you may notice that nothing is left to study! That everyone feels, even me too when I was in my initial days of PhD. But when you get enough research experience, you can find gaps in research easily.
“Every research is incomplete.”
Indeed, a research work completes when it states a gap or unexplored area with the final conclusion, so that future research will get direction.
The process of research or doctorate starts (immediately after you get admission) by initiating searching a research gap which leads to postulating a research question.
A research question is your title or statement of thesis using which you will find your thesis objectives and address a particular question. It can be stated only by finding a research or literature gap.
And as I said, it’s quite difficult for PhD students.
So in this blog post, I will explain to you what a research or literature gap is and how you can identify it.
How to appear in the PhD Interview?
Firstly, a research/ knowledge gap or literature gap is though different terms but has a similar meaning. The reason is that a research problem can be addressed either by experimental research and literature review.
A research or literature gap is a problem or unexplored/ underexplored area of the existing research.
Choosing a topic, research or subject that has not been answered or explored yet by any other scientist is referred to as a research gap.
Let us start with an example;
Take a look at the hypothetical closing sentence.
“3 common mutations IVS1-5, IVS1-1 and CD8/9 have been selected for the present to screen thalassemia patients. A common mutation IVS1-5 has been identified in 2 out of 70 unrelated thalassemia patients using the conventional PCR technique.”
Let’s say you want to do research on the Genetics of Thalassemia. Suppose this one is the closing paragraph of some research article and is a final conclusion. How can you find a research gap here?
I find many gaps, Let us find out some of them;
These are some of the possible gaps in the present research. Let’s look at other closing statements for the same.
“3 common mutations IVS1-5, IVS1-1 and CD8/9 have been selected for the present to screen thalassemia patients. A common mutation IVS1-5 has been identified in 2 out of 70 unrelated thalassemia patients using the conventional PCR technique. The present study can be strengthened by increasing sample size, diversifying geological studies, increasing the number of common mutations and using other techniques for thalassemia.”
“Major limitations of the present study are small sample size, number of mutations and technique selected for the study.
All these closing statements posit the same type of research gaps. You can use these to prepare your thesis statement. Take a look at the one.
“Identifying common Beta-thalassemia mutations by DNA sequencing from south India.”
Some research clearly indicates gaps in their studies whereas some don’t. And that’s why it’s difficult for students to discover one. Notedly, by looking into variables used in the study, gaps can be recognized.
You have to read tons of literature to actually determine possible gaps in the research. A research gap has been indicated in the conclusion section, final interpretation, future direction or suggestions part of a research paper.
Besides, when you came across some phrases used in the literature such as,
The present study has not been covered…..
………… excluded from the present study.
………… is important to address in future research.
…………. Techniques can be fruitful for future research.
……………. have/has not been studied/ reported/ evaluated in the present study.
Keep in mind that this indicates a gap, problem or scopes of improvement in the study.
Read more: Which factors decide a PhD Salary?
As I said, it’s not an easy process to find a problem or gap in the research, though by following some steps that I will mention here, you can find one and can go with it.
Research interest is important because you have to do the same work for at least 4 to 5 years. Research takes a tremendous amount of physical, mental, economical and intellectual effort. Meaning you have to select a topic that likely motivates you. You should not get tired of doing that!
You can’t go through the whole topic or subject, right! you have to select one or a few. Means, make things more narrow. Take a look at the process, I have explained with an example.
Find a keyword that is relevant to the topic you like or are interested in and go ahead with it.
Now next in the process, type your keyword or group of keywords in the Google search box and try identifying literature, reviews and research associated with it.
Find reviews, read them and try to find gaps in studies. Keep in mind that it will remain in your interest circle.
Read peer-reviewed articles and find gaps in the research:
Try to read every fresh research and review article around your topic, go through the technique and sample collection process used in each research and discover discordance or space there.
You can make a comparative analysis table as well. Take a look at the table below,
Research study | Title and year of publication | Techniques, methods and sample collection | Outcomes of the study | The geographical location of the study conducted | What is not covered in the study | Research scope |
When you make a comparative analysis of a few studies you will get an idea about the research gap, gap in sample collection, scope to use other techniques, improvisation or new research areas to include in the study.
When you complete the process, you may find many unanswered questions or research gaps (if you have done things in this manner) and you get stuck with many, which to choose and which to leave.
For PhD, it’s important to weightage a research work accurately; not more, not less. An imbalance will create an unnecessary burden and create problems in the future.
Henceforth, prioritizing and narrowing down the research gap is crucial.
In this case, you can take your supervisor’s help. Postulate an amazing research question that would be suitable for PhD, as per your interest, under your budget and fulfill your supervisor’s need.
This is confusing for you surely!
You may wonder by only identifying a gap and postulating a research question, how can we expect anything as outcomes?
Expected outcomes of the research have significant value and importance in the PhD, PhD research proposal and your final report. You or your guide has to explain the possible results of the study.
It’s mandatory and will give you direction for research. Expected outcomes can be considered as a path on which you will have to walk.
Take an example of the research question we just postulated, “Identifying common Beta-thalassemia mutations by DNA sequencing from south India.”
What will be the expected results?
In either case, you have definite outcomes, and your final results will be around it, perhaps. You will definitely not get any information regarding the globin protein because that’s not included in the study.
Right!
You are just doing mutational analysis and want to find some common mutations in the selected population. So what research gap you will identify will surely give some expected outcomes.
Research gap/ knowledge gap or literature gap all terms leads us to the same direction and help us to propose a research question. Although as we said, expected outcomes are also an important consideration to fill the gap.
If you are new to PhD or just started this article is the best place for you to start, and will definitely assist you to find a mission piece of link in the research.
I hope you like this article. Please do visit other articles on this blog.
Dr. Tushar Chauhan is a Scientist, Blogger and Scientific-writer. He has completed PhD in Genetics. Dr. Chauhan is a PhD coach and tutor.
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A research gap is an area within a field that lacks sufficient information or understanding, highlighting opportunities for further investigation. Identified through literature review, it guides researchers to explore new questions and develop innovative theories. Addressing these gaps advances knowledge and solves real-world problems. In areas like Marketing Gap Analysis , identifying research gaps leads to more effective strategies and improved market performance.
A research gap is an area within a field of study that lacks sufficient information or understanding, presenting an opportunity for further investigation. It is identified through a thorough review of existing literature and highlights areas where more research is needed. Recognizing these gaps is essential for advancing knowledge, guiding researchers to explore new questions, develop innovative theories, and improve methodologies.
Research gaps are areas where knowledge is lacking or where existing research could be expanded. Identifying and addressing these gaps is crucial for advancing knowledge in any field. Here are the different types of research gaps:
Definition : An evidence gap occurs when there is a lack of empirical data to support conclusions or theories. This gap signifies areas where more research is needed to provide solid evidence for or against a hypothesis.
Example : Limited studies on the long-term effects of a new medication.
Definition : A knowledge gap refers to a lack of understanding or awareness about a specific topic. This gap often highlights areas where research has not yet been conducted or where findings are inconsistent.
Example : Insufficient knowledge about the impact of social media on mental health among teenagers.
Definition : This gap arises when there is a disconnect between theoretical research and practical application. It points to areas where findings from research have not been implemented in real-world settings or where practical challenges are not addressed by existing research.
Example : Theoretical models for disaster management that are not tested in actual disaster scenarios.
Definition : A methodological gap is identified when current research methods are inadequate to address certain research questions. This gap indicates the need for new or improved research methods.
Example : The need for longitudinal studies to better understand the progression of chronic diseases.
Definition : A policy gap occurs when research does not inform policy or when there is a lack of research supporting existing policies. This gap often highlights the need for research that can influence or evaluate policy decisions.
Example : Lack of research on the effectiveness of policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions.
Definition : This gap is present when certain populations or demographic groups are underrepresented in research. It calls attention to the need for more inclusive research that considers diverse populations.
Example : Underrepresentation of elderly populations in clinical trials for new medications.
Definition : A theory gap is found when there is a lack of theoretical framework to explain certain phenomena. This gap suggests the need for developing or refining theories to better understand specific issues.
Example : Incomplete theoretical explanations for the rise of extremism in modern societies.
Definition : A contextual gap exists when research does not take into account the context in which a phenomenon occurs. This gap highlights the need for studies that consider environmental, cultural, or situational factors.
Example : Studies on education methods that do not consider cultural differences in learning styles.
Definition : This gap arises when certain perspectives or viewpoints are missing from the research. It emphasizes the need for more diverse viewpoints to provide a comprehensive understanding of a topic.
Example : Limited perspectives from minority groups in research on workplace diversity.
Definition : A data gap is identified when there is a lack of available data or when existing data is insufficient to support research conclusions. This gap indicates the need for more extensive data collection and analysis.
Example : Insufficient data on climate change impacts in specific geographic regions.
Identifying and articulating a research gap is a crucial step in academic research. It highlights the need for your study and sets the stage for your research question and objectives. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write a research gap:
Conduct a thorough literature review to understand the current state of research in your field. Look for recent studies, key theories, and significant findings. Take note of any inconsistencies, unanswered questions, or areas that have not been explored.
After reviewing the literature, pinpoint the specific areas where research is lacking. This could be due to insufficient evidence, outdated studies, contradictory findings, or unaddressed issues.
Explain why this gap is important. Discuss the implications of not addressing this gap and how filling it could advance knowledge in your field or solve a practical problem.
Based on the identified gap, formulate a clear and focused research question. This question should aim to address the gap and guide your study.
Place your research gap within the broader context of your field. Explain how your study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge and why it is timely and relevant.
When writing about the research gap, be clear and concise. Avoid jargon and ensure that your explanation is understandable to readers outside your immediate field.
Identifying a research gap is essential for developing a relevant and impactful research question. Here are the steps to effectively identify a research gap:
Start by thoroughly reviewing existing literature in your area of interest. Use academic databases, journals, books, and conference papers to gather information. Focus on:
While reviewing the literature, critically evaluate the studies. Look for:
Identify trends and patterns in the existing research. Consider:
Identify topics or subtopics that have not been extensively researched. Pay attention to:
Review articles and meta-analyses can provide a summary of the current state of research and highlight areas where further research is needed. They often suggest future research directions and gaps.
Research agendas and funding calls from academic institutions, government agencies, and private organizations can highlight priority areas and identify gaps that need addressing.
Engage in discussions with experts, mentors, and peers in your field. They can provide insights into current research trends and gaps that you might have overlooked.
Conference proceedings often contain the latest research and can indicate emerging trends and gaps. Attend conferences and review the abstracts and presentations.
Consider the practical implications of existing research. Identify areas where research findings have not been applied or where practical challenges remain unaddressed.
Based on the identified gaps, develop specific research questions. These questions should address the gaps and guide your research towards filling them.
1. advancing knowledge.
Filling a research gap helps in advancing the overall knowledge within a field. It allows researchers to build upon existing studies and contribute new insights, theories, or methods.
Addressing a research gap can lead to the development of innovative solutions to existing problems. Researchers can explore new approaches, technologies, or applications that have not been previously considered.
Identifying a significant research gap can attract funding and support from academic institutions, government bodies, and private organizations. Funders are often interested in supporting projects that promise new discoveries and advancements.
Research that addresses a gap is often seen as valuable and original, increasing the chances of publication in reputable academic journals. This can enhance the researcher’s profile and credibility within the academic community.
For educators and students, identifying research gaps can guide the development of curricula and educational programs. It ensures that teaching materials are up-to-date and relevant to current academic and industry trends.
Why is identifying a research gap important.
Identifying a research gap helps focus efforts on unexplored areas, advancing knowledge and contributing to the field.
Review current literature, analyze findings, and note areas lacking comprehensive studies or conflicting results.
Types include evidence gaps, knowledge gaps, practical gaps, theoretical gaps, and methodological gaps.
An evidence gap exists when there is a lack of empirical data supporting a particular hypothesis or theory.
A theoretical gap involves missing or underdeveloped concepts, while a practical gap involves real-world issues needing solutions.
A methodological gap arises when certain methods have not been applied to study a specific problem.
Conflicting results suggest inconsistencies in findings, pointing to areas needing further investigation.
A literature review helps identify gaps by summarizing existing studies and highlighting areas needing further research.
Yes, new technologies can reveal gaps by enabling studies that were previously impossible or overlooked.
Identifying significant gaps can attract funding by demonstrating the need for research in unexplored areas.
Text prompt
10 Examples of Public speaking
20 Examples of Gas lighting
What is a research gap is there a good or poor research gap, introduction.
A research gap refers to a research question or area that has not been sufficiently addressed or answered in previous studies. It is an area where further research is needed to advance the current knowledge and understanding of a particular topic. Identifying research gaps in the literature review is important as it helps establish a study’s relevance and significance and can lead to the development of new research questions and hypotheses.
What is a research gap example?
A research gap signifies an unexplored terrain within existing knowledge, spotlighting an area lacking comprehensive investigation. Imagine, in medical research, a void in understanding the long-term effects of a newly developed treatment. This gap identification demands inquiry to bridge the chasm between current understanding and untapped insights. It’s akin to a puzzle with a missing piece, urging scholars to unravel hidden complexities. Such gaps drive scholarly exploration, fostering innovation and a deeper grasp of intricate subjects. Identifying and addressing these literature gaps in research pave the way for scientific advancement, enhancing our comprehension of the world around us.
Good research gap
A good research gap is a specific area of knowledge or a problem that has not been adequately addressed or explored in the existing literature. Here are 10 points that are typically considered mandatory in a good research gap:
Poor research gap
“Poor research gap” refers to a situation where there is either no research gap identified in the existing literature or the identified research gap is not significant enough to contribute to the field of study. It means that the proposed research would not add any value to the existing knowledge base or research in the field.
Here are some examples of poor research gaps:
This research gap is too broad and does not identify a specific research question or problem. It does not provide any direction for the research.
This research gap is not valid as it is unlikely that no one has ever looked at the topic before. It is also too broad and does not provide any direction for the research.
This research gap does not identify a specific problem or research question. It also does not provide any direction for the research.
This research gap is too narrow and does not consider research conducted in other countries. It also does not provide any direction for the research.
Tools to Assist with Your Research Gap
Staying updated on the latest literature can be overwhelming due to the thousands of new articles published daily. Utilizing technology like PubCrawler, Feedly, Google Scholar, and PubMed updates can help keep you updated. Social media platforms like Twitter and reference managers like Mendeley can also help organize your references. Identifying the research gap in the dissertation requires a thorough literature review, but it’s important to set boundaries and not read every paper on a topic. Finding a paper you had intended to write is possible, but don’t give up. Keep reading, and you’ll find what you’re looking for. Identifying research gaps requires an extensive literature review, but don’t give up and keep reading to find what you’re looking for.
In conclusion, a research gap signifies the unexplored terrain within a field where existing literature falls short. It is the pivot for innovation and advancement, propelling scholarly inquiry forward. A research gap can be either promising or inadequate. A significant research gap opens doors to groundbreaking discoveries, generating insightful contributions. Conversely, a poor research gap might lead to redundant studies or trivial outcomes. Recognizing and addressing a research gap thoughtfully can guide researchers toward valuable inquiries, enriching the academic landscape. Ultimately, the quality of a research gap lies in its potential to ignite meaningful exploration and cultivate knowledge that shapes the trajectory of a discipline.
At PhD Assistance , we discover research gaps not only by a broad examination of current published literature but also through a detailed study of the material by categorizing it into geographical origin settings and multi-component-based research. This segregation identifies the disparity not only in the idea but also in the demographic components of the study. This well-rounded strategy results in a more defined and concentrated research field, which adds much-needed innovation to an academic research study.
The Ohio State University
October 3, 2024 12:00 PM - 1:00 PM Save to Calendar
Experienced researchers tend to think about research as an ongoing and iterative process in which individual researchers contribute their findings to an ongoing conversation within or across disciplines. However, as novice researchers, students may have a very different understanding of the purpose of research. The lack of a shared understanding of the goals and process of research may contribute to the frustration that students and instructors often have related to student performance on research or inquiry-based assignments.
This free virtual workshop will explore the expert-novice gap in relation to the purpose and process of academic research. Participants will learn strategies and activities that they can use to help students develop their understanding of the purpose and process of research.
For those affiliated with Ohio State, this workshop counts as credit toward the Teaching Information Literacy endorsement from the Drake Institute for Teaching and Learning.
This virtual program will include automated captioning. If you require an accommodation such as live captioning or interpretation to participate in this event, please email [email protected] as soon as possible. Requests made at least one week prior to the event will generally allow us to provide seamless access, but the university will make every effort to meet requests made after this date.
Looking at samples of real student posters can help you generate ideas and define your goals. As you get started, it may be helpful to look at examples of finished posters.
Below are a number of sample posters created by UT undergraduates. There is a brief discussion of each poster highlighting its greatest strengths and areas where there is room for improvement.
Room for improvement
Begin working on the content for your poster at Create Your Message .
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Claire Cain Miller spoke with eight young women supporting Harris, and eight young men backing Trump. Here’s what she learned.
By John Otis
Times Insider explains who we are and what we do and delivers behind-the-scenes insights into how our journalism comes together.
There is a significant gender gap in the political preferences of Gen Z voters in the United States, as evidenced by New York Times and Siena College polls conducted this month in six swing states.
Young women — those ages 18 to 29 — favored Vice President Kamala Harris for president by 38 points. And men the same age favored former President Donald J. Trump by 13 points. That is a whopping 51-point divide along gender lines, larger than in any other generation.
Claire Cain Miller, a Times reporter who covers gender, wanted to better understand those numbers. And she was especially curious about a specific group:
“I really wanted to hear from young men who were voting for Trump,” she said in an interview on Monday.
Ms. Miller recently published a pair of companion pieces for The Upshot, a Times section that focuses on explanatory and analytical journalism. For one of the articles, Ms. Miller talked to eight young women who said they planned to vote for Ms. Harris; for the other, she spoke with eight young men who support Mr. Trump.
Over the last few years, Ms. Miller has become increasingly interested in exploring how shifts in gender roles and societal trends have affected boys and men, some of whom feel they’ve fallen behind economically. Today more women earn college degrees than men , and are increasingly the breadwinners in their households. Over the past few decades, jobs traditionally held by men — especially those without college degrees — have dwindled.
Though Gen Z men are still somewhat more likely to identify as Democrats than Republicans, the men Ms. Miller spoke with described feeling unvalued in a shifting landscape of gender norms — and they saw Mr. Trump as a pillar of traditional masculinity.
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Amd narrows the gap with nvidia in new mlperf benchmarks.
New benchmark results from AMD, Untether AI, Google, Intel, and Nvidia demonstrate the converging AI silicon performance competition. However, system design, networking, and software make AI sing and dance. And that’s where Nvidia excels.
Finally, I can stop whining about AMD’s lack of open AI benchmarks. AMD has published excellent MLPerf inference results for their MI300 GPU, which is competitive with the Nvidia H100, although only on a single benchmark. Canadian startup Untether.ai also published new inference benchmarks showing their power efficiency. Let’s take a look.
The MLCommons industry consortium, which controls and publishes the MLPerf benchmarks, has extended the twice-annual inference benchmark suite with a new one for the increasingly popular mixture-of-experts (MoE) AI models. MoE models combine multiple models to improve accuracy and lower the training costs of huge LLM models, like OpenAI’s GPT-4. AMD did not publish an MoE benchmark, but now that they have broken the benchmarking ice, an AMD spokesperson indicated we could see more shortly.
MLCommons has added a mixture of Experts model to its suite of AI benchmarks.
Its is certainly encouraging to see submissions to MLPerf for new processors. Specifically in addition to the Nvidia Blackwell and the first AMD submissions, we now have selected benchmarks for Untether.ai, AMD’s next generation Turin CPU, Google’s Trillium TPUv6e accelerator, and Intel’s Granite Rapids Xeon CPU. We will focus here on Nvidia, AMD, and Untether.ai.
While AMD has previously disclosed micro benchmarks that highlight raw theoretical performance, such as that of the math performance on the MI300, these do not reflect the complex world of AI stacks. The AMD marketing claims that the MI300 is the fastest AI GPU were not validated with this new benchmark, but it is in the ballpark of the H100 when running a real AI workload. The Nvidia H200, however, beat the MI300 by some 43% on the same benchmark.
Trump vs. harris 2024 polls: harris leads by 1 point in latest post-dnc survey, today’s nyt mini crossword clues and answers for wednesday, august 28th.
AMD is without a doubt, now competitive with the Nvidia H100
We note that the Llama 2 70B benchmark doesn’t really allow AMD to strut its stuff with respect to having a larger HBM to support larger models. Hopefully we will see them run the new Mixtral MoE in a future MLPerf release.
Nvidia published H200 benchmarks that top AMD, but only by a little.
Nvidia also published the first Blackwell benchmarks, demonstrating about four times the performance of the H100 on medium-sized models (Llama 2 70B). Nvidia recently shared more details on Blackwell NVL72 at HotChips, in which the NVSwitch interconnected infrastructure is supposed to deliver 30 times better inference performance than H200. Can’t wait to see actual (MLPerf) benchmarks for the flagship NVL72.
Nvidia showed that the Blackwell is indeed 30X faster than the H100 for extremely large models
Nvidia did publish results for the new MoE benchmark, which shows off the the H100 and H200. Nvidia also showed a 10% to 27% performance improvement for the H200 across the MLPerf benchmark suite, which should help users as they await Blackwell’s arrival in volume.
For those worried about the delay of Blackwell volume shipments, the H100 and H200 keep getting ... [+] faster with software improvements.
We have seen before that an ASIC can provide more efficient AI inference processing, as first demonstrated with the Qualcomm Cloud AI100. The challenge is that ASICs, unlike GPUSs, are one-trick-ponies. They can perhaps perform quite efficiently on, say, Resnet-50, but not so impressively on other models.
Untether.ai thinks they can break that mold, and have submitted exceptional power efficiency on Resnet-50 thats were on-par with the Nvidia H100-NV at a fraction of the power consumption.
Untether demonstrated excellent performance at low power
Ok, so how does the Untether platform perform on LLM’s? The engineers didn’t complete their optimization on the BERT benchmark in time for the MLPerf submission deadline, but they have since completed their work and shared the results with us. As you can see below, the company seems to have avoided the traps their predecessors fell into. They are showing comparable performance as an Nvidia H100-NVL, with over 3X advantage in energy efficiency.
Untether missed the submission deadline for BERT-Large, but the results indicate the platform has ... [+] exceptional energy efficiency for language models
Once again, as we have seen over the years, only Nvidia published results for every benchmark, and once again Nvidia demonstrated why they are the best AI infrastructure provider due to their full stack approach of custom CPU, GPU, software, system, and networking But at the chip level, there is now legitimate competition from AMD, at least on a single benchmark. While we may enter a period of leapfrogging, similar to what we saw decades ago with RISC CPUs, these differentiators for Nvidia will be durable, and should keep Team Green in the lead for at least the next 2-3 years.
Disclosures : This article expresses the opinions of the author and is not to be taken as advice to purchase from or invest in the companies mentioned. My firm, Cambrian-AI Research, is fortunate to have many semiconductor firms as our clients, including BrainChip, Cadence, Cerebras Systems, D-Matrix, Esperanto, Groq, IBM, Intel, Micron, NVIDIA, Qualcomm, Graphcore, SImA,ai, Synopsys, Tenstorrent, Ventana Microsystems, and scores of investors. We have no investment positions in any of the companies mentioned in this article. For more information, please visit our website at https://cambrian-AI.com .
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Although studies have confirmed that future self-continuity impacts the presence of meaning, evidence of cross-cultural consistency remains scarce, and the underlying mechanisms between the two are unclear. To fill this research gap, we conducted two studies using a sample of Chinese college students ( N = 631). Study 1 verified the positive predictive effect of future self-continuity on the presence of meaning in the context of Eastern culture through two sub-experiments ( n = 325), thereby confirming its cross-cultural consistency. Study 2, a three-wave longitudinal study, revealed the mediating mechanisms through which future self-continuity affects the presence of meaning ( n = 306). The results suggest that future self-continuity at Time 1 can directly predict the presence of meaning at Time 3 and indirectly predict the presence of meaning at Time 3 through self-concept clarity at Time 2. Thus, self-concept clarity partially mediates the relationship between future self-continuity and the presence of meaning. These findings enrich cross-cultural research on the presence of meaning and provide new ideas and methods for enhancing the presence of meaning in individual lives.
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In the supplementary material, we report results controlling for word count and positive effect.
In the supplementary material, we test our hypothesis without control variables.
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The authors wish to thank the young students who participated in this project.
This work was supported by the Fund for Building World-Class Universities (Disciplines) of the Renmin University of China Project.
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Lulu Xue, Yun Yan, Liping Zhang, Yanna Jiang & Lipeng Chen
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Lulu Xue: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing– original draft, Writing– review & editing. Hang Fan: Validation, Writing– review & editing. Yun Yan: Validation, Writing– review & editing. Liping Zhang: Validation, Writing– review & editing. Yanna Jiang: Validation, Writing– review & editing. Lipeng Chen: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing– review & editing.
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Xue, L., Fan, H., Yan, Y. et al. Connected to the future, life is more meaningful: the effect of future self-continuity on the presence of meaning. Curr Psychol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06521-4
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Changes to nida’s diversity supplement program .
ORTDD is excited to announce some changes to the NIDA Diversity Supplement Program! For more than 30 years, NIH has made available supplements to existing grants to provide research opportunities, training, and mentorship to enhance the diversity of the biomedical research workforce. NIDA is proud to participate in this NIH-wide program, and our team at the ORTDD would like to spread the word to PIs on active NIDA awards as well as to potential applicants about this opportunity. PIs are encouraged to participate, so long as an active grant mechanism is eligible, there is sufficient time remaining during the initial award period for the supplement, and the and the PI is committed to mentoring and career development for the candidate. K award grants are not eligible to have Diversity Supplements, but most other mechanisms are!
Program details: Diversity supplement scholars may be post-bacs, master’s degree holders, doctoral students, post-docs, or early career investigators who meet eligibility criteria outlined in PA-23-189 . A NIDA grantee-applicant must work closely with an eligible candidate to create a plan that will facilitate the scholar’s progression to the next career stage. The proposed research and training activities must be appropriate for the stage of the candidate, and the project must be within scope of the parent research award. Applications are administratively reviewed, that is, reviewed by NIH program staff. NIDA PIs can apply through the general NIDA Diversity Supplement Program or through a specialized program, such as the one managed by the BRAIN Initiative .
What’s new: In fiscal year 2025 (which starts on October 1, 2024), NIDA’s general Diversity Supplement Program will have multiple receipt dates. While you can submit your application at any time, the cut-off dates for NIDA’s administrative review will be August 15th, October 15th, December 15th, February 15th, and April 15th. The final receipt date to be considered for funding in the fiscal year (which ends September 30th) is April 15th. Another change to the program is that applications are limited to 6 pages regardless of the page limit for the “parent” grant mechanism , making application review equitable for all grant mechanisms. Please be certain to check your page limit!
For more information: To learn more, please see the Instructions to PI's and FAQ's , and reach out to Dr. Angela Holmes, NIDA’s Diversity Supplement Program Coordinator at ( [email protected] ).
A new nida funding opportunity hit the street consider applying for a “d-start”.
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has published a new notice of funding opportunity (NOFO), PAS-24-242 , entitled “Data Science Track Award for Research Transition (D-START).” Awards will support investigators to apply advanced data science techniques to address timely and challenging research questions related to substance use and substance use disorders (SUD). As defined by NIH, data science encompasses the development and use of quantitative and analytical methods to extract knowledge from large and complex data sets. Expanding expertise in data science, particularly in big data analytics and computational science, is crucial for advancing SUD research. The goal is to generate data-driven insights to inform the development and implementation of interventions for prevention, harm reduction, treatment, and recovery across diverse populations.
While the R03 mechanism is used for this award, the D-START allows for projects with budgets of up to $100,000 per year in direct costs over 2 years. NIDA plans to fund 6-7 projects per year during the 2025, 2026, and 2027 fiscal years, depending on annual institute appropriations and the receipt of meritorious applications. D-START awardees are expected to use their project findings to pursue further grant applications, such as a subsequent R01, focusing on the intersection of substance use and data science. Cross-disciplinary collaborations are strongly encouraged, and NIDA welcomes applications from individuals of diverse backgrounds, including those historically underrepresented in STEM fields. Applicants should adhere to Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) principles and address ethical considerations in research involving human subjects. Read more about this opportunity .
Call for applications! NIDA is providing travel awards for scholars interested in attending the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco on March 12 -15, 2025 in New Orleans, LA. The deadline to apply is December 1, 2024 at 11:59pm ET.
The NIDA Travel Award Program aims to defray the costs of in-person attendance at national scientific conferences. Travel award recipients will receive an award in the amount of $1500 for meeting transportation, lodging, and/or registration. Awardees are expected to attend a NIDA “meet-and-greet” at the conference. See the NIDA Travel Award website for information about eligibility and how to apply.
Please contact Yohansa Fernández for any questions related to NIDA travel awards.
The NIDA ORTDD is excited to introduce Dr. Dawn Bounds to the research training community. Dr. Bounds is an Assistant Professor at the University of California, Irvine within the Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing. Her research interests include marginalized youth, adolescence, risk, resilience, commercial sexual exploitation, social media, mental health, integrative health, as well as wearable and biofeedback technology. She was a 2021 NIDA Diversity Scholars Network program participant and was recently awarded a 5-year R01 grant titled “ Teaching Youth & Families Self-Regulation Skills to Disrupt the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences: Preventing Substance Use in Adversity-Impacted Youth .” Her research focuses the impact of the Garnering Resilience in Traumatized youth and families (GRIT) program on early initiation of alcohol and cannabis use among youth. Read about her below and what aspired her to become an addiction researcher.
Please share a little about yourself and your upbringing (if you're comfortable doing so), your educational background, and research focus.
I am the oldest of two daughters who were raised by a single mom. I am also a first-generation college student who was born and raised in Chicago. I spent all of my life there including my graduate education. I graduated with a BSN from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1999 and an MSN and PhD from Rush University in 2004 and 2015. Prior to becoming a researcher, I worked in the community as a psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner. My experiences as a clinician working with marginalized youth on the west side of Chicago informs my research interests to this day. My program of research focuses on youth risk and resilience. More specifically, I am interested in preventing substance use initiation and disorders in adversity impacted youth.
At what point in your life did you know you wanted to become a scientist? What drew you to the STEM field and particularly substance use/addiction research?
I never knew that I wanted to become a scientist because I had little exposure to research. It is one of the reasons I am currently so committed to exposing high school and undergraduate students to research through my lab. I used to teach in a master’s program that changed to a doctoral program and I was urged to get my doctorate to continue teaching. This prompted me to get my PhD. During my program and working on a NIH funded study, I fell in love with research.
I have to admit I used to be a little resistant to working in the field of substance use/addiction due to my firsthand knowledge of what it does to families. But what I realized is that trauma and adversity (my area of interest and expertise) is inextricably linked to substance use/addiction. To continue to excel in the field of trauma and adversity, meant including substance use/addiction research.
Were there any events or individuals who inspired you throughout your professional journey?
My mother is my greatest inspiration. She always taught me to defy all odds. My own life experiences taught me persistence. I have encountered several amazing mentors and colleague along the way who have inspired me, fought and advocated for me, and supported me on my professional journey.
How did you learn about the NDSN Program? Please share about your experience as an NDSN scholar and major takeaways from participating in the program.
I tend to search out training programs and opportunities that support minoritized individuals like myself. These training programs have expanded my network and knowledge about programs like the NDSN. The NDSN provided a unique opportunity to receive a mock review of my grant which was so valuable. The biggest take away for me was to keep resubmitting my proposal. Doing so led to me finally getting funded this year.
What has been the most challenging obstacle you have had to face throughout your career journey to becoming an addiction researcher and what have you done to “push through”?
Not letting my career in academia become my sole identity has been most challenging. Academia and research can be consuming. Striking a balance between my work and the other aspects of my life has been an ongoing process. Understanding and prioritizing what’s most important to me has helped me push through with the help of my spirituality, supportive family and friends, and therapy. Building a support network that includes those who have thrived in academia is key.
Can you offer any advice to ESIs/scholars in earlier career stages who are navigating the NIH process for submitting grants and working towards the goal of being independently funded?
Persist! You belong in this space and your work is important to the field. Keep innovating, revising, and resubmitting those grants!
Is there anything else that you would like to share with the NIDA community about your inspiring journey?
I am truly grateful for being a part of the NIDA community. NIDA has supported my growth and development over the past 4 years. These initial investments through training have now led to a larger investment in my research. I’m excited to continue to collaborate with other NIDA scholars and prevent addiction and substance use disorders in adversity impacted youth.
Your opinion matters check out the latest “rfi” on supporting postdoctoral scholars.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is seeking feedback from the biomedical research community through a follow-up Request for Information (RFI) as part of an overarching goal to better support the postdoctoral scholar workforce. NIH began implementing recommendations earlier this year by increasing pay levels for Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards. A Request for Information has been issued to gather community input on additional proposed actions to accelerate the career transition of postdoc scholars into thriving biomedical research careers.
Through the RFI, NIH is seeking additional specific suggestions, evidence-based strategies, and relevant data or related experiences that will help inform our potential strategies. Feedback will be accepted electronically until October 23, 2024 . Please feel free to respond and widely share the RFI with your networks! NIH is particularly interested in receiving input from:
NIH encourages organizations (e.g., patient advocacy groups, professional societies) to submit a single response reflective of the views of the organization or its membership. Please direct all inquiries related to this RFI to [email protected] .
In late July, NIH’s annual update on efforts to address the “Ginther Gap” was published Dr. Marie Bernard, the Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity (COSWD), and Dr. Mike Lauer, the NIH Deputy Director for Extramural Research. The “Ginther Gap” refers to results from a 2011 study that found a 10 percentage point difference in grant application success rates between black and white applicants, favoring white applicants. This update is a continuation of their work to examine research project grant (RPG) and R01 funding rates by race and ethnicity, as NIH has developed numerous programs to address disparities over the past decade. Drs. Bernard and Lauer report that despite some progress, disparities in funding rates by race and ethnicity persist. However, they also reveal in a recent blog that funding rates for K awards increased between 2010 and 2022. This is encouraging, as K awards often precede research project award funding.
Notable NIH initiatives to promote diversity in the scientific workforce include the Common Fund Diversity Program Consortium (DPC) and the Faculty Institutional Recruitment for Sustainable Transformation (FIRST) initiative. Along with the UNITE initiative, these programs aim to ensure that a diverse range of voices contribute to scientific innovation. The NIH remains committed to monitoring and evaluating progress towards achieving equity in funding, ensuring there are no barriers to participation. Read more about this update in the full blog post .
Have you ever wondered what is meant by “structural racism” or what structural racism has to do with health research and health outcomes? On July 18th and 19th, the NIH UNITE Initiative leadership and members convened a virtual workshop to explore these and related topics. The workshop featured researchers, clinicians, and community partners with expertise in fields such as social and natural sciences, law and criminal justice, education, public policy, and social work—as well as biomedical, behavioral, and public health. Speakers provided insights into the origins and drivers of structural racism, methodological considerations in the measurement of structural racism, and interventions to improve health outcomes through strategies that reflect an awareness of the research on structural racism. A recording of the webinar is now available using these links: July 18 Videocast | July 19 Videocast . See the workshop website for additional information about the event.
A. alshemi, e. campillo, e. m. forgan, r. cubitt, m. abdel-hafiez, and e. blackburn, phys. rev. research 6 , 033218 – published 26 august 2024.
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A research gap is an unanswered question or unresolved problem in a field, which reflects a lack of existing research in that space. The four most common types of research gaps are the classic literature gap, the disagreement gap, the contextual gap and the methodological gap.
Examples of Research Gap. Here are some examples of research gaps that researchers might identify: Theoretical Gap Example: In the field of psychology, there might be a theoretical gap related to the lack of understanding of the relationship between social media use and mental health.
Simply put, a research gap is any space where there's a lack of solid, agreed-upon research regarding a specific topic, issue or phenomenon. In other words, there's a lack of established knowledge and, consequently, a need for further research. Let's look at a hypothetical example to illustrate a research gap.
These are gaps in the conceptual framework or theoretical understanding of a subject. For example, there may be a need for more research to understand the relationship between two concepts or to refine a theoretical framework. 3. Methodological gaps. These are gaps in the methods used to study a particular subject.
A research gap is a specific area within a field of study that remains unexplored or under-explored. Identifying a research gap involves recognizing where existing research is lacking or where there are unanswered questions that could provide opportunities for further investigation. Understanding research gaps is crucial for advancing knowledge ...
Learn what a research gap is, the different types of research gaps (including examples), and how to find a research gap for your dissertation, thesis or rese...
Identifying a research gap has many potential benefits. 1. Avoid Redundancy in Your Research. Understanding the existing literature helps researchers avoid duplication. This means you can steer clear of topics that have already been extensively studied. This ensures your work is novel and contributes something new to the field.
Research Gap Examples. Identifying research gaps is crucial for pursuing innovative research. There are various types of research gaps that can be found in existing literature. Knowledge gaps. Sometimes, a research gap exists when there is a concept or new idea that hasn't been studied at all. For example, in the field of psychology, there ...
The following steps can help with optimizing the search process once you decide on the key research question based on your interests. -Identify key terms. -Identify relevant articles based on the keywords. -Review selected articles to identify gaps in the literature. 3.
Though there is no well-defined process to find a gap in existing knowledge, your curiosity, creativity, imagination, and judgment can help you identify it. Here are 6 tips to identify research gaps: 1. Look for inspiration in published literature. Read books and articles on the topics that you like the most.
Literature Gap. The expression "literature gap" is used with the same intention as "research gap.". When there is a gap in the research itself, there will also naturally be a gap in the literature. Nevertheless, it is important to stress out the importance of language or text formulations that can help identify a research/literature gap ...
A research gap is a question or a problem that has not been answered by any of the existing studies or research within your field. Sometimes, a research gap exists when there is a concept or new idea that hasn't been studied at all. Sometimes you'll find a research gap if all the existing research is outdated and in need of new/updated research ...
Learn how to find an original research gap (and consequently a research topic) as quickly and efficiently as possible. In this step-by-step walkthrough, we'l...
A gap is something that remains to be done or learned in an area of research; it's a gap in the knowledge of the scientists in the field of research of your study. Every research project must, in some way, address a gap-that is, attempt to fill in some piece of information missing in the scientific literature. ... An example gap from Hosaka ...
What is a Research Gap? How to Find and Present a Research Gap - ResearchBeastThe first step of conducting and publishing a study is identifying a previously...
The most obvious way to find a research gap is simply to read and analyse the relevant literature. However, this is easier said than done, as the volume of published literature can be staggering. Fortunately, there are some excellent bibliographic databases, which can speed the process of searching for relevant literature.
A research or literature gap is a problem or unexplored/ underexplored area of the existing research. Or . Choosing a topic, research or subject that has not been answered or explored yet by any other scientist is referred to as a research gap. Let us start with an example; Take a look at the hypothetical closing sentence.
A research gap refers to an unexplored or underexplored area within a particular field of study where there is a lack of existing research or a limited understanding of a specific topic or issue…
A research gap is an area within a field that lacks sufficient information or understanding, highlighting opportunities for further investigation. Identified through literature review, it guides researchers to explore new questions and develop innovative theories. Addressing these gaps advances knowledge and solves real-world problems.
A good research gap is a specific area of knowledge or a problem that has not been adequately addressed or explored in the existing literature. Here are 10 points that are typically considered mandatory in a good research gap: Relevance: The quantitative research gap example should be relevant to the field of study and have practical significance.
The lack of a shared understanding of the goals and process of research may contribute to the frustration that students and instructors often have related to student performance on research or inquiry-based assignments. This free virtual workshop will explore the expert-novice gap in relation to the purpose and process of academic research.
Plans for a $400 million solar cell facility in Colorado have been scrapped just two months after Secretary of State Anthony Blinken highlighted the project as an example of world-leading foreign ...
Undergraduate Research Peter T. Flawn Academic Center (FAC) Room 33 2304 Whitis Ave. Austin, Texas 78712 512-471-7152. Find us on Facebook. Find us on X (formerly Twitter) ... As you get started, it may be helpful to look at examples of finished posters. Below are a number of sample posters created by UT undergraduates. There is a brief ...
The gender gap is inherently a two-sided thing. There's a larger, deeper story that I continue to cover on my beat about what is happening to boys and men in American society. As social ...
If you want to learn how to write 3+ research papers every year, watch this FREE training: https://academicenglishnow.com/3papersayear-optin?utm_source=YouTu...
New benchmark results from AMD, Untether AI, Google, Intel, and Nvidia demonstrate the converging AI silicon performance competition. However, system design, networking, and software make AI sing ...
Although studies have confirmed that future self-continuity impacts the presence of meaning, evidence of cross-cultural consistency remains scarce, and the underlying mechanisms between the two are unclear. To fill this research gap, we conducted two studies using a sample of Chinese college students (N = 631). Study 1 verified the positive predictive effect of future self-continuity on the ...
In late July, NIH's annual update on efforts to address the "Ginther Gap" was published Dr. Marie Bernard, the Chief Officer for Scientific Workforce Diversity (COSWD), and Dr. Mike Lauer, the NIH Deputy Director for Extramural Research. The "Ginther Gap" refers to results from a 2011 study that found a 10 percentage point difference ...
$2H\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{NbS}}_{2}$ is a classic example of an anisotropic multiband superconductor, with significant recent work focusing on the interesting responses seen when high magnetic fields are applied precisely parallel to the hexagonal niobium planes. It is often contrasted with its sister compound $2H\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$ because they have similar onset ...
August 26, 2024 - DeVry University released its second annual report, Closing the Gap: Upskilling and Reskilling in an AI Era.In partnership with Reputation Leaders, the research reveals that while employees are more enthusiastic about opportunities for ongoing learning, current employer upskilling and reskilling efforts are not meeting the moment with the right opportunities to reach ...