how to write a research article using chatgpt

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ChatGPT for Research and Publication: A Step-by-Step Guide

Som s. biswas.

Department of Pediatric Radiology, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.

Introduction

This commentary provides a concise step-by-step guide on using ChatGPT, an advanced natural language processing (NLP) model, for research and publication purposes. The guide assesses crucial aspects, including data preprocessing, fine-tuning techniques, prompt engineering, and ethical considerations. By addressing challenges related to biases, interpretability, and plagiarism, this commentary offers insights and recommendations for the responsible and ethical use of ChatGPT. The guide empowers researchers to ethically integrate ChatGPT effectively into their workflows, enhancing productivity and improving the quality of their scientific publications. Through clear instructions and guidelines, researchers can tap into the transformative potential of ChatGPT, driving scientific progress in a language-driven world.

In recent years, the field of NLP has witnessed remarkable advancements, bringing us closer to the realm of humanlike language generation. Among these advancements, ChatGPT, based on the groundbreaking GPT-3.5 architecture developed by OpenAI, stands as an impressive language model capable of generating coherent and contextually relevant text responses. With its ability to understand and respond to user inputs, ChatGPT has opened up new possibilities for various applications, including research and publication. 1 – 3

The traditional process of conducting research and publishing scientific papers has been significantly transformed by the emergence of ChatGPT. Researchers and authors can now leverage the power of this sophisticated language model to streamline and enhance their workflow, leading to improved efficiency and higher-quality publications. However, using ChatGPT effectively in the research and publication domain requires a comprehensive understanding of its capabilities, limitations, and best practices.

In this commentary I offer my thoughts for a step-by-step guide for researchers and authors who seek to harness the potential of ChatGPT in their research endeavors and publication efforts. By exploring various aspects, such as data preprocessing, fine-tuning techniques, prompt engineering, and ethical considerations, this guide will equip researchers with the necessary knowledge to harness the full potential of ChatGPT in their scientific pursuits. Moreover, this commentary will delve into the challenges associated with using ChatGPT for research and publication, including biases, interpretability, and concerns regarding plagiarism. By addressing these challenges directly, I aim to provide researchers with valuable insights and recommendations to navigate these important issues and ensure the responsible and ethical use of ChatGPT as a research tool. 4

The significance of my guide lies in its potential to bridge the gap between the rapid progress of language models like ChatGPT and the research and publication process. By elucidating the intricacies of integrating ChatGPT into scientific workflows, researchers will be empowered to leverage this advanced technology effectively, thereby enhancing the overall quality and impact of their research output. 5 In the following sections, I present a comprehensive overview of the steps involved in using ChatGPT for research and publication.

Step 1: Title and Title Page Creation by ChatGPT

ChatGPT can be a valuable tool in generating titles for research papers. Its ability to understand and generate humanlike text allows it to analyze and synthesize information provided by researchers to craft concise and impactful titles. By leveraging its vast knowledge base and language capabilities, ChatGPT can assist in capturing the essence of a research paper, conveying the main focus and contributions succinctly. Researchers can collaborate with ChatGPT by providing relevant information, such as the subject, objectives, methodology, and key findings of their study. ChatGPT can then generate multiple title options, offering different perspectives and angles that researchers can consider. This collaboration with ChatGPT can save time and stimulate creativity, helping researchers refine their titles to accurately represent their work and engage potential readers. ChatGPT can then be used to create the entire title page and then can also customize based on each journal’s recommendations.

For example:

Thus, we see that ChatGPT can write an entire title page based on just the title and author details. We notice that ChatGPT has created an email address that is incorrect and needs manual rectification. However, the rest of the title page, including keywords and the running title, is appropriate.

Step 2: Abstract/Summary Creation by chatGPT

ChatGPT can assist in condensing complex information into a clear and engaging abstract/summary, helping researchers communicate the significance and novelty of their research to a wider audience. By leveraging the language proficiency of ChatGPT, researchers can save time and effort in crafting abstracts while ensuring that the key aspects of their study are accurately represented.

In this example, we demonstrate that ChatGPT can create an entire abstract just by using the title alone. However, the more information researchers provide (preferably the entire body of the paper should be entered into chatGPT), the more accurate the abstract becomes.

Step 3: Introduction Creation by ChatGPT

By collaborating with ChatGPT, researchers can provide key information, such as the background, significance, and objectives of their study. ChatGPT can then generate a well-structured introduction that sets the context, highlights the relevance of the research, and outlines the paper’s objectives. Also, ChatGPT can be used to generate keywords and generate an abbreviations list from the article by using prompts. However, it is important to note that the generated introduction should be reviewed, customized, and refined by the researchers to align with their specific study and writing style.

In the example below, we note that ChatGPT has not only created an introduction but also the objectives of the study, which can then be edited by the human author.

Step 4: Can ChatGPT Create a Literature Review?

Yes, ChatGPT can help generate a literature review, but it is important to note that it may not have access to the most up-to-date research articles and studies due to copyrights and limited access to some journals. Additionally, a literature review typically requires a comprehensive analysis of multiple sources, so the generated response may not cover all relevant studies. Nonetheless, it can assist in providing a basic literature review on a given topic, which will need human authors to add to and edit it.

As we can see, ChatGPT is not as good at giving a detailed review of the literature as it is at summarizing contents or creating an introduction. Thus, its use is limited, if there is any at all, in this section of the paper.

Step 5: Can ChatGPT Assist in Brainstorming the Methodology of Studies?

ChatGPT can be a helpful tool in conceptualizing the methodology for research papers. By engaging in a conversation with ChatGPT, researchers can discuss their research objectives, study design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques. ChatGPT’s natural language understanding allows it to provide suggestions and insights based on its knowledge base and understanding of research methodologies. Although ChatGPT can assist in generating ideas and providing guidance, it is important for researchers to critically evaluate and adapt the suggestions to align with their specific research goals and requirements.

Although the methodology is something that is unique to each paper and needs a human researcher to conceptualize it, we see in this example that ChatGPT can assist by giving ideas and examples based on the input of the title by the human researcher. Thus, ChatGPT can be part of brainstorming sessions when conceptualizing a study, although this section needs significant editing by a human, unlike the introduction or summary.

Step 6: Do Not Use ChatGPT for Fabricating Patient Data or Results!

This section of the paper must be authentic, and ChatGPT has a limited role, if any, because patient data have to be original. ChatGPT also currently cannot analyze clinical data compared with statistical software, like SPSS Statistics and Base SAS. However, Microsoft appears to be developing an Excel copilot that uses AI to create graphs and plots, and its use needs to be evaluated once it is released to the public. 6

Step 7: Discussion and Conclusions

This section of the paper can be generated by ChatGPT if all results are pasted as input; however, this section also needs manual editing because inaccuracies are common. By discussing their research with ChatGPT, researchers can also identify potential limitations, discuss the broader implications of their findings, and propose future research directions. Although ChatGPT can generate suggestions and facilitate the thought process, it is important for researchers to critically evaluate the information provided and ensure that the Discussion and Conclusion sections align with the specific research objectives and findings of their study. Ultimately, ChatGPT can serve as a supportive tool in developing a comprehensive and well-rounded discussion and conclusion for research papers.

Step 8: References

As per the author's experience, although ChatGPT is capable of creating references for an article, most of them are incorrect. So, using ChatGPT for creating references is not recommended. However, ChatGPT can convert references into any journaling style if the references are entered into ChatGPT and it is asked to convert them into a specific style.

Disadvantages of Using ChatGPT in Research

Although ChatGPT offers numerous advantages for assisting in the writing of research papers, there are also some important potential disadvantages to consider:

• Lack of domain expertise: ChatGPT is a general-purpose language model trained on a diverse range of Internet text, which means it may lack the specific domain expertise required for certain research topics. It may generate responses that are not accurate or well informed in specialized fields, potentially leading to incorrect or misleading information in research papers.
• Inconsistency and variability: ChatGPT’s responses can be inconsistent and vary depending on the input phrasing or prompt formulation. This can lead to unpredictability in generating reliable and coherent content, requiring additional effort to refine and ensure accuracy in research papers.
• Limited control over output: Although researchers can guide the model’s responses through prompts, ChatGPT’s generation process is still primarily autonomous. Researchers have limited control over the precise content and structure of the generated text, which may require careful editing and review to align with specific research goals, standards, and above all, accuracy.
• Biases and ethical considerations: Language models like ChatGPT can inadvertently reflect biases present in the training data. These biases may perpetuate existing societal or cultural biases in research papers, potentially leading to unfair or discriminatory content. The careful examination and mitigation of biases are crucial to ensure ethical and unbiased research output. 7
• Lack of interpretability: ChatGPT’s decision-making process is complex and not easily interpretable. Researchers may struggle to understand the reasoning behind the model’s generated responses, making it challenging to assess the reliability and credibility of the information provided. Ensuring transparency and interpretability in research papers becomes more challenging with such models. ChatGPT should cite the sources for its data, like Google Bard does.
• Plagiarism concerns: Because of its vast training data from the Internet, ChatGPT may inadvertently generate text that resembles or replicates existing content without proper citation or attribution. Researchers must be cautious about unintentional plagiarism and ensure that generated content is appropriately referenced and original. So, all ChatGPt-generated articles need to be double checked using antiplagiarism software.

In this commentary I have provided a comprehensive step-by-step guide for researchers and authors on harnessing the power of ChatGPT in the realm of research and publication. By exploring crucial aspects, such as data preprocessing, fine-tuning techniques, prompt engineering, and ethical considerations, the guide equips researchers with the necessary knowledge and tools to effectively integrate ChatGPT into their scientific workflows. 8

Through clear instructions, examples, and guidelines, researchers can navigate the complexities of using ChatGPT, leading to enhanced productivity and improved quality in their research output. Moreover, I address the challenges associated with biases, interpretability, and plagiarism concerns, ensuring the responsible and ethical usage of ChatGPT as a research tool.

The significance of this research lies in its ability to bridge the gap between the rapid advancements in language models like ChatGPT and the research and publication process. By empowering researchers with the skills to leverage ChatGPT effectively, this guide fosters innovation, drives scientific progress, and opens up new possibilities for transformative contributions to various fields. 9

As language-driven technologies continue to evolve, researchers must stay abreast of the latest advancements and best practices. The step-by-step guide presented in this commentary serves as a valuable resource, providing researchers with the knowledge and guidance necessary to maximize the potential of ChatGPT in their research endeavors. By embracing the capabilities of ChatGPT and ensuring its responsible and ethical use, researchers can revolutionize the way research and publications are conducted. With ChatGPT as a powerful tool in their arsenal, researchers are poised to make significant strides in their respective fields, pushing the boundaries of scientific knowledge and ushering in a new era of language-driven innovation. 10

However, and to reiterate, I cannot overemphasize that ChatGPT has, at present, many disadvantages, including inconsistencies, bias, and plagiarism concerns, that must be addressed by the human author before the article is submitted for publication to a journal, as well as prior to publication, because the human author(s) is solely responsible for their research integrity and accurate reporting.

In conclusion, I have attempted to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of how to effectively leverage ChatGPT for research and publication purposes. It has also highlighted the problems and precautions that the human author(s) must take before publishing ChatGPT-generated content. By embracing this step-by-step guide, researchers can unlock the full potential of ChatGPT, driving scientific progress and shaping the future of research and publications.

• Please use ChatGPT only if allowed by your institution, research lab, and the journal in question.
• Please acknowledge ChatGPT within your manuscript/published paper wherever you are using it.
• Please do not fabricate or plagiarize data. ChatGPT can be used only for summarizing texts, improving English writeups, and brainstorming ideas, and not for creating fabricated research raw data.

Acknowledgment.

The author acknowledges that this article was partially generated by ChatGPT (powered by OpenAI’s language model, GPT-3; http://openai.com ). The editing was performed by the human author.

Disclosures. The author declare no conflicts or financial interest in any product or service mentioned in the manuscript, including grants, equipment, medications, employment, gifts, and honoraria.

How To Use ChatGPT To Write A Literature Review: Prompts & References

In the rapidly evolving world of academic research, the integration of AI tools like ChatGPT has transformed the traditional approach to literature reviews . As a researcher, you should also leverage on this tool to make your research work easier.

In this post, explore how ChatGPT can enhance the literature review process. We’ll explore how specific prompts can effectively guide this advanced AI model to generate insightful content, while ensuring accuracy, relevance, and academic integrity in their scholarly work.

How to Use ChatGPT for Writing a Literature Review

Understanding ChatGPT’s Limitations

While it can efficiently generate content, streamline the research process, and provide a comprehensive understanding of relevant literature, its capabilities are not without constraints. Here are some for you to consider:

Dependence On Pre-Existing Datasets

Since ChatGPT is a language model trained on available data, it may not include the most recent research papers or cutting-edge findings in a specific field. This gap can lead to a lack of current state-of-research insights, particularly crucial in fields like technology and science where advancements happen rapidly.

May Lack Depth And Context

ChatGPT, while able to produce summaries and synthesize information, might not fully grasp the nuanced arguments or complex theories specific to a research topic. This limitation necessitates that researchers critically evaluate and supplement AI-generated text with thorough analysis and insights from recent systematic reviews and primary sources.

Risk Of Plagiarism

Although ChatGPT can generate human-like text, it’s vital to ensure that the content for your literature review is original and properly cited. Relying solely on ChatGPT to write a literature review defeats the purpose of engaging deeply with the material and developing a personal understanding of the literature.

Not A Total Replacement of A Researcher

While ChatGPT can assist non-native English speakers in crafting clear and concise academic writing, it’s not a replacement for the human ability to contextualize and interpret research findings. Researchers must guide the AI model with specific prompts and leverage it as a tool rather than a substitute for comprehensive analysis.

By keeping these limitations in mind, ChatGPT can be a valuable aid in the literature review process, but it should be used judiciously and in conjunction with traditional research methods.

Defining Research Objective

When starting on writing a literature review, the initial step involves using ChatGPT to define your research question or hypothesis.

The AI model’s ability to respond with a summary of the current state of research in your field can provide a comprehensive understanding, especially for systematic reviews or research papers.

For example, by inputting a prompt related to your research topic, ChatGPT can generate human-like text, summarizing prior research and highlighting relevant literature.

One insider tip for effectively using ChatGPT in the literature review process is to leverage its natural language processing capabilities to identify relevant keywords.

These keywords are crucial for non-native English speakers or those new to a research field, as they streamline the search for pertinent academic writing. Additionally, ChatGPT can guide you in understanding the context of your research topic, offering insights that are often challenging to find.

Using AI language models like ChatGPT for generating content for your literature review is efficient and effective, saving valuable time. However, it’s vital to critically evaluate the generated text to ensure it aligns with your research objectives and to avoid plagiarism.

ChatGPT’s ability to synthesize large amounts of information can aid in developing a clear and concise outline, but remember, it’s a guide, not a replacement for human analysis.

Despite these limitations, ChatGPT provides a unique advantage in conducting literature reviews. It can automate mundane tasks, allowing researchers to focus on analysis and critical thinking.

Identifying Keywords and Search Terms

Using ChatGPT to identify relevant keywords related to your research topic can significantly streamline your workflow.

For instance, when you input a summary of your research question into ChatGPT, the AI model can generate a list of pertinent keywords.

These keywords are not just randomly selected; they are based on the vast amounts of information in ChatGPT’s dataset, making them highly relevant and often inclusive of terms that are current in your research field.

An insider tip for leveraging ChatGPT effectively is to guide the AI with clear and concise prompts.

For example, asking ChatGPT to: “summarize key themes in [specific field] research papers from the last five years” can yield a list of keywords and phrases that are not only relevant but also reflective of the current state of research.

This approach is particularly beneficial for conducting systematic reviews or for non-native English speakers who might be unfamiliar with specific academic jargon.

While ChatGPT can provide a comprehensive understanding of relevant literature and help automate the identification of keywords, it’s important to critically evaluate the generated content.

Researchers should use ChatGPT as a tool to augment their research process, not as a replacement for human insight.

It’s crucial to mind the limitations of the AI model and ensure that the keywords identified align with the research topic and objectives.

Creating an Initial Literature Review Outline

The key to using ChatGPT effectively in crafting an initial outline lies in its ability to generate content based on specific prompts.

For instance, a researcher working on organic photovoltaic devices can input a prompt into ChatGPT, such as “Help me create a structure for a literature review on organic photovoltaic devices.”

The AI model, using its comprehensive understanding of the research topic, can then produce a preliminary structure, including sections like:

• Introduction
• Advances in materials and technology, performance, and efficiency.

This generated outline serves as a valuable starting point. It helps in organizing thoughts and determining the key areas that the literature review should cover. I

mportantly, researchers can refine and expand this initial outline as they delve deeper into their topic, ensuring it aligns with their specific research question and the current state of research.

However, while ChatGPT can streamline the review process and save valuable time in creating an initial outline, researchers should not solely rely on it.

The content generated by ChatGPT must be critically evaluated and supplemented with in-depth research. This involves:

• Reading systematic reviews
• Reading research papers, and
• Summarizing relevant literature to ensure the review is comprehensive and up-to-date.

Get ChatGPT To Help You During Research, Using The Right Prompts

The key to effectively using ChatGPT in this process lies in crafting the right prompts, guiding the AI to generate relevant and useful content. 

When initiating a literature review, the prompt should aim for a broad understanding of the research topic. For instance, asking ChatGPT to:

• “Give a brief overview of research done on [topic]”
• “What are some of the recent findings on the [topic] in research?” or 
• “Summarize the historical development of [topic] in academia”

Helps in capturing the general landscape of the field. These prompts assist in identifying key theories, methodologies, and authors within the research area. As the review progresses, more specific prompts are necessary to delve deeper into individual studies. Queries like:

• “Summarize the main arguments and findings of [specific paper]” or
• “What are the strengths and weaknesses of [specific paper]?”

enable ChatGPT to provide detailed insights into particular research papers, aiding in understanding their contribution to the broader field. Comparative prompts are also crucial in synthesizing information across multiple works. Asking ChatGPT to:

• “Compare and contrast the methodologies of [paper 1] and [paper 2]” or
• “How do the findings of [paper 1] and [paper 2] agree or disagree?”

helps in discerning the nuances and disparities in the literature. In the final stages of the literature review, prompts should focus on summarizing findings and identifying emerging trends or gaps. For example:

• “What trends or patterns have emerged from the literature on [topic]?” or
• “What future research directions are suggested by the literature on [topic]?”

We will share more on these ChatGPT prompts in the later part of this post, read on.

Reviewing ChatGPT’s Responses

When using ChatGPT to write a literature review, it’s crucial to critically evaluate its responses.

Firstly, researchers should cross-reference the information provided by ChatGPT with actual research papers.

This step ensures the accuracy of the data and helps in identifying any discrepancies or outdated information, given that ChatGPT’s dataset may not include the most recent studies.

Another essential aspect is assessing the coherence and depth of the AI-generated text. ChatGPT can summarize and synthesize information efficiently, but it might not capture the nuances of complex theories or research arguments.

Researchers should ensure that the content aligns with their research question and systematically reviews the topic comprehensively. This is where a researcher’s value comes in.

Additionally, verifying the originality of the content is vital to avoid plagiarism. While ChatGPT can generate human-like text, researchers must ensure that the AI-generated content is used as a guide rather than a verbatim source. 

Proper citations and references are essential to maintain the integrity of the literature review. Avoid torpedoing your own research by committing plagiarism.

Ensuring Coherence and Flow

One of the challenges when using such advanced AI language models is ensuring the coherence and flow of the final document. This aspect is crucial as it determines the readability and academic rigor of the literature review.

ChatGPT can generate vast amounts of content on a wide range of topics, responding efficiently to prompts and synthesizing information from its extensive dataset.

However, the content generated by ChatGPT, while informative, might not always align seamlessly with the specific research question or maintain a consistent narrative flow.

To tackle this, researchers need to take an active role in guiding ChatGPT and subsequently refining its output.

A practical approach is to use ChatGPT as a starting point, leveraging its ability to quickly provide summaries, synthesize relevant literature, and identify key references and keywords related to the research topic. For example, prompts like:

• “Summarize the current research on [topic]” or
• “Identify key debates in [topic]”

Can yield valuable initial insights.

Once this foundational information is obtained, the crucial task is to carefully review and edit the AI-generated content.

This involves connecting the dots between different sections, ensuring that each part contributes meaningfully to addressing the research question, and refining the language to maintain academic standards.

It’s also essential to check for and avoid plagiarism, ensuring that all sources are correctly cited.

In addition, considering the vast amounts of information ChatGPT can access, it’s vital to verify the accuracy and relevance of the content.

Researchers should cross-reference AI-generated summaries with actual research papers, especially the most recent ones, as ChatGPT’s dataset may not include the latest studies.

Editing and Proofreading

Now that your literature review is mostly written out, now focus on the editing and proofreading. The content generated by ChatGPT needs to be meticulously reviewed and edited. Here are the steps:

• Verifying the accuracy of the information. Researchers must cross-check the AI-generated content against actual research papers and systematic reviews. This ensures that the latest studies are accurately represented.
• Improve coherence and flow. Researchers should restructure sentences, ensure logical progression of ideas, and maintain a consistent academic tone throughout the document.
• Checking for plagiarism. Despite ChatGPT’s ability to generate human-like text, researchers must ensure that all sources are correctly cited and that the review does not inadvertently replicate existing material.
• Check Grammar and Spelling: Editing should encompass grammar checks, vocabulary refinement, and ensuring that the language used is appropriate for an academic audience.
• Update Citation: Review citation, or reference list to ensure everything is cited correctly, and the citation list is written out to your required standard, be it MLA, Chicago, or APA.

What ChatGPT Prompts To Use When Writing A Literature Review?

There are many ways to use ChatGPT to write literature review, usually by using the right prompts. Here’s how specific types of prompts can be effectively employed, with multiple examples for each category:

• “Provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research on [topic].”
• “Summarize the current understanding and key findings in the field of [topic].”
• “Detail the dominant theoretical frameworks currently used in [topic].”
• “Describe the evolution of theoretical approaches in [topic] over the past decade.”
• “Identify and discuss the major debates or controversies in [topic].”
• “What are the conflicting viewpoints or schools of thought in [topic]?”
• “List the leading researchers in [topic] and summarize their key contributions.”
• “Who are the emerging authors in [topic], and what unique perspectives do they offer?”
• “Explain the most common research methodologies used in studies about [topic].”
• “How have the methodologies in [topic] research evolved recently?”
• “Trace the historical development and major milestones in [topic].”
• “Provide a timeline of the key discoveries and shifts in understanding in [topic].”
• “What significant paradigm shifts have occurred in [topic] in the last twenty years?”
• “How has the focus of research in [topic] changed over time?”
• “Analyze the methodology and conclusions of [specific paper].”
• “Discuss the impact and reception of [specific paper] in the field of [topic].”
• “Compare the results and methodologies of [paper 1] and [paper 2] in [topic].”
• “How do [paper 1] and [paper 2] differ in their approach to [topic]?”
• “Based on current literature, what are the suggested future research directions in [topic]?”
• “Identify gaps in the literature of [topic] that could be explored in future studies.”

By using these types of prompts, researchers can guide ChatGPT to produce content that is not only relevant to their literature review but also rich in detail and scope.

Wrapping Up: Use Other AI Tools Too, Not Just ChatGPT

In conclusion, while ChatGPT serves as a powerful ally in the literature review process, it’s important to recognize it as one of many AI tools available to researchers as well. Diversifying your AI toolkit can enhance the depth and breadth of your review, offering varied perspectives and methodologies.

As AI continues to evolve, embracing a range of these tools can lead to more comprehensive, nuanced, and innovative academic writing, expanding the horizons of research and scholarly exploration beyond what we currently envision.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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Home → Academic Writing → How to Use ChatGPT to Write a Research Paper: Tips and Tricks to Get You Started

How to Use ChatGPT to Write a Research Paper: Tips and Tricks to Get You Started

Jordan Kruszynski

• January 4, 2024

If you’re an academic, you’ve probably spent a lot of time planning and writing research papers. It’s a fine art, and one that requires a fair amount of skill, precision and preparation. But whether you’re an old master in the field, or a rookie embarking on your first serious research paper, there are tools that can help you to simplify the planning stages and organise your thoughts more effectively.

One of those tools is the (in)famous ChatGPT , and it’s this that we’ll be focusing on in our article. In the right hands, ChatGPT can become a powerful research tool that will make your paper-writing that little bit easier. So sit back, relax, and discover our tips and tricks for using ChatGPT to write a research paper.

What is ChatGPT?

Just in case you don’t already know, ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence tool developed by OpenAI that can help you with your research. It uses natural language processing to understand what you’re looking for and provide you with relevant information. You can ask it questions, and it will provide you with answers in a conversational style, as well as offer sources to back up its information.

One of the biggest advantages of ChatGPT is that it can save you time. Instead of spending hours searching for sources, you can simply ask ChatGPT for help. This can bring you a reliable list of sources for further investigation fairly quickly. It’s crucial to note however that the AI shouldn’t be exploited to do the actual writing of the paper for you. This could see you accused of plagiarism or misconduct, and besides, as a researcher, you’re probably rightfully proud of your ability to write a compelling paper.

Another advantage of ChatGPT is that it’s always available (even when libraries or other sources of information might be inaccessible) so you can work on your research paper at any time of day or night.

Interested in learning more about how AI programs like ChatGPT are changing the academic landscape? Listen to Oxford researcher Samantha-Kaye Johnston’s views from the frontline in this exciting episode of The Research Beat podcast.

The benefits of using ChatGPT to write a research paper

There are many benefits to using ChatGPT for research papers. Firstly, as we mentioned earlier, it can save you time . A slow drag of several hours looking for specific sources can be reduced to just a few minutes with the AI’s help.

Secondly, it can help you find sources that you might not have found otherwise . ChatGPT has access to a wide range of sources, including academic journals and books.

Thirdly, it can help you organise your research . ChatGPT can provide you with a summary of the information you’ve gathered, making it easier to analyse and integrate into your research paper.

How to use ChatGPT to write a research paper – a step by step guide

• Start by creating a list of questions that you want to answer in your research paper.
• Open ChatGPT and ask it one of the questions on your list, for example, ‘What is the critical history of feminist literature in Europe?’
• ChatGPT will provide you with a list of sources to check out.
• Read through the sources and take notes on the information that is relevant to your research question.
• Repeat steps 2-4 for each question on your list.
• Once you’ve gathered all of your information, organise it into an outline for your research paper.
• Use the information you’ve gathered to write your research paper.

Working with your sources

Once you have your sources in order, you might want to use prompts to get help from ChatGPT with other parts of the writing process. A prompt is a specific instruction to the AI that can give you tailored information or responses. For example, if you’re struggling to understand part of another research paper, you could use the following prompt:

‘Please explain the following paragraphs in simple words. I am having trouble understanding (insert concept here).’

Input the prompt along with the relevant passage from the source, and ChatGPT will provide a summary that could help you to unlock your understanding of the tricky concept.

Looking for ChatGPT prompts tailor-made for academics? Check out Audemic’s list of over 50 prompts to help you with your work and research!

Writing tips and tricks for using ChatGPT

When using ChatGPT to write a research paper, it’s important to keep a few things in mind. Firstly, make sure that you’re using reliable sources . ChatGPT can provide you with a list of sources, but it’s up to you to determine which ones are reliable.

Secondly, make sure that you’re paraphrasing the information you’ve gathered in your own words . You don’t want to cheat or be accused of it.

Finally, make sure that you’re using the information you’ve gathered to answer your research questions . Everything you uncover through ChatGPT should be used to feed your own understanding and improve the quality and precision of your answers.

Common mistakes to avoid when using ChatGPT to write a research paper

While ChatGPT is an excellent tool for research papers, there are some common mistakes to avoid:

• Crucially, don’t rely too heavily on ChatGPT. It’s essential to do some of your research on your own and use ChatGPT to supplement it.
• Don’t forget to cite your sources correctly. Just because ChatGPT provided you with the information doesn’t mean that you don’t need to cite it. Moreover, ChatGPT cannot actually produce academic citations for you.
• Always remember to proofread your research paper carefully, especially if you’ve used AI elements to construct it.

ChatGPT vs. traditional research methods

While traditional research methods have their advantages and always will, ChatGPT, as we’ve seen, has some of its own. We think one of the best uses for AI programs like ChatGPT is to accelerate parts of the paper-writing process that would otherwise take hours. If you can use the AI to produce a list of interesting and relevant sources, then you can get to work quickly as an academic, studying and analysing those sources to determine their value within your paper. In general, if you approach ChatGPT with an attitude of maintaining quality and integrity, then it can only enhance your work.

Final Thoughts

ChatGPT is everywhere at the moment, and while it has stirred up a great deal of controversy thanks to its implications for academic integrity, it can be an excellent tool for helping to write research papers . The key is using it correctly, and not relying too heavily on it. Focusing on how it can enhance your already-sharp academic writing skills will allow you to save time, find plenty of valuable sources, and organise your paper’s structure more effectively. And that’s how to use ChatGPT to write a research paper!

ChatGPT is not the only AI tool that can help with these parts of the paper-writing puzzle. If you want to listen to academic papers, break them down into digestible pieces and freely take notes on them, then Audemic is waiting for you. Try it for free today!

Keep striving, researchers! ✨

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This list of writing prompts covers a range of topics and tasks, including brainstorming research ideas, improving language and style, conducting literature reviews, and developing research plans.

ahmetbersoz/chatgpt-prompts-for-academic-writing

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✨ NEW UPDATE: Literature Review Generator

A Custom GPT for Literature Review Generator has been released. It efficiently parses PDF files of research publications, extracts key themes, and creates a literature review section for your academic publications.

TRY NOW: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-G3U8pZGwC-literature-review-generator

ChatGPT Prompts for Academic Writing

In this repository, this list of writing prompts covers a range of topics and tasks, including brainstorming research ideas, improving language and style, conducting literature reviews, and developing research plans. Whether you're a student, researcher, or academic professional, these prompts can help you hone your writing abilities and tackle your writing projects with confidence.

Use directly in: chat.openai.com

The list is regularly updated, so you can keep track of new prompts by following this repository.

TIPS: As there is a limit to the number of words that can be used in ChatGPT, you can input your text multiple times using the prompt "Read this [PARAPGRAPH]:" and then run your final prompt "Considering the above text...".

You can also use prompts splitter: chatgpt-prompt-splitter.jjdiaz.dev

BRAINSTORMING

Article sections, title/topic sentence, introduction, literature review.

NOTE: Be careful and double-check article existence. ChatGPT may generate fake references

Methodology

Experiments, future works, improving language, summarization, plan/presentation, working with documents (available only in gpt-4).

Upload a PDF file of a paper then:

Upload a PDF file of your paper then:

Upload PDF files of papers then:

Upload a figure image then:

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• 07 July 2023
• Correction 11 July 2023

Scientists used ChatGPT to generate an entire paper from scratch — but is it any good?

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A pair of scientists has produced a research paper in less than an hour with the help of ChatGPT — a tool driven by artificial intelligence (AI) that can understand and generate human-like text. The article was fluent, insightful and presented in the expected structure for a scientific paper, but researchers say that there are many hurdles to overcome before the tool can be truly helpful.

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doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-02218-z

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Correction 11 July 2023 : An earlier version of this story implied that human researchers had guided ChatGPT through the steps to create a research paper. In fact, the data-to-paper tool developed by Kishony and Ifargan acted as an intermediary between ChatGPT and the researchers. The text has been corrected in several places to reflect this.

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Literature Review

How To Use ChatGPT For Literature Review In 8 Simple Steps

Learn how to use ChatGPT for literature review in 8 simple steps to streamline your research and analysis.

Aug 19, 2024

Research papers can be a real drag, and that's before someone even mentions the dreaded literature review. Luckily, when it comes to writing efficient research papers, AI can help. More specifically, AI tools like ChatGPT can assist with literature searches in ways that make the process far less painful. In this guide, we'll unpack the value of using ChatGPT for literature reviews. You'll learn how it can help you write efficient research papers and get excellent study material with AI. Otio's AI research and writing partner can help you achieve your goals and reduce the stress of academic writing. It uncovers relevant information to help you with your literature search and generate a coherent literature review to boost your writing efficiency. 

Table Of Contents

What is a literature review, structure of a literature review, can i use chatgpt for literature review, 8 best chatgpt alternatives for literature review, chatgpt prompts for writing a literature review, how to review a document using chatgpt, supercharge your researching ability with otio — try otio for free today.

A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area and sometimes information in a particular subject area within a specific period. It can be a simple summary of the sources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis . A summary recaps the vital information of the source, but a synthesis is a reorganization, or a reshuffling, of that information. It might give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old interpretations. 

It might also trace the intellectual progression of the field, including primary debates. Depending on the situation, the literature review may evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent.

A literature review has a clear structure similar to a traditional essay, with an introduction, body, and conclusion. The opening should define the topic and provide enough background information to contextualize the review. It should also establish the writer’s rationale for reviewing the literature, explain the organization of the review, and state its scope (what will and won’t be included).

Getting to the Meat of the Review: The Main Body

The body of the literature review is where the writer organizes and discusses the research that has been conducted on the topic. Here, the literature is not simply summarized – instead, it is organized thematically, with insight provided into the relationship between the specific topic and the broader subject area. For example, if writing a literature review on obesity in children, there would be a discussion on how this research relates to obesity in general before narrowing the focus down to the specific literature on obesity in children. 

Wrapping it All Up: The Conclusion

The conclusion of a literature review summarizes the significant findings of the existing literature, evaluates its current state, and identifies any significant flaws or gaps in knowledge. The conclusion will also outline areas for future study and link the researcher’s study to the existing knowledge. 

Related Reading

• Systematic Review Vs Meta Analysis • Impact Evaluation • How To Critique A Research Article • How To Synthesize Sources • Annotation Techniques • Skimming And Scanning • Types Of Literature Reviews • Literature Review Table • Literature Review Matrix • How To Increase Reading Speed And Comprehension • How To Read Research Papers • How To Summarize A Research Paper • Literature Gap

Yes, you can use ChatGPT to write a literature review . This can significantly facilitate the research process. By following a step-by-step approach, researchers can effectively leverage ChatGPT's capabilities to gather insights, generate content, and enhance the quality of their literature review. However, it is crucial to approach the generated content critically, validate it with reliable sources, and ensure coherence within the review. 

Save Time and Get to the Good Stuff ChatGPT can quickly summarize vast information, helping you get a concise overview of a topic without manually sifting through numerous sources. 

Access to Broad Knowledge 

Get Informed Fast ChatGPT can provide insights from various disciplines and sources, giving you a more comprehensive understanding of the topic. 

Organization

Structure Your Literature Review with Ease You can ask ChatGPT to help structure your review by suggesting how to categorize and organize the literature, making the writing process smoother. 

Clarification of Concepts

Get Clear Explanations of Complicated Ideas If you encounter complex or unfamiliar concepts, ChatGPT can explain them in simpler terms, helping you grasp essential ideas without needing additional sources. 

Identifying Key Themes and Gaps

Focus Your Research with ChatGPT's Help ChatGPT can assist in identifying key themes, trends, and gaps in the literature, which can guide your research focus and highlight areas needing further investigation. 

Time Management 

Free Up Time for Analysis and Insight By handling preliminary research tasks, ChatGPT allows you to allocate more time to in-depth analysis and critical evaluation of sources. 

Language Assistance 

Improve the Clarity of Your Writing ChatGPT can help draft, edit, and refine your literature review, ensuring clarity and coherence in your writing. 

Exploration of Diverse Perspectives 

Consider Alternate Viewpoints and Interpretations ChatGPT can offer different viewpoints and interpretations, enriching your understanding and providing a balanced perspective.

1. Defining Your Research Objective

Before starting the literature review process , clarify your research objective. Clearly articulate the topic, research question, or hypothesis you aim to address through your literature review. This step will help you maintain focus and guide your search for relevant sources.

2. Identifying Keywords and Search Terms

To effectively use ChatGPT to assist in your literature review, identify relevant keywords and search terms related to your research topic. These keywords will help you narrow down your search and gather pertinent information. Consider using tools like Google Keyword Planner or other keyword research tools to discover commonly used terms in your field.

3. Familiarizing Yourself with ChatGPT

Before engaging with ChatGPT, understand its capabilities and limitations. Familiarize yourself with the prompts and commands that work best with the model. Keep in mind that ChatGPT is an AI language model trained on a vast amount of data so that it can provide valuable insights and suggestions. Still, evaluating and validating the information it generates is essential.

4. Generating an Initial Literature Review Outline

Start by creating an outline for your literature review. Outline the main sections, including the introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Within each section, jot down the key points or subtopics you want to cover. This will help you organize your thoughts and structure your review effectively.

5. Engaging with ChatGPT for Research Assistance

Once you have your outline ready, engage with ChatGPT for research assistance . Begin by providing a clear and concise prompt that specifies the topic, context, and any specific questions you have. For example, “What are the current trends in [your research topic]?” or “Can you provide an overview of the main theories on [your research question]?”

6. Reviewing and Selecting Generated Content

ChatGPT will generate a response based on your prompt. Carefully review the content generated, considering its relevance, accuracy, and coherence. Extract key points, relevant references, and insightful arguments from the response and incorporate them into your literature review. Be sure to cite and attribute the sources appropriately.

7. Ensuring Coherence and Flow

While ChatGPT can provide valuable content, it’s essential to ensure the coherence and flow of your literature review. Use your critical thinking skills to connect the generated content with your research objective and existing knowledge. Rearrange, rephrase, and expand upon the generated text to ensure it aligns with the structure and purpose of your review.

8. Editing and Proofreading

Once you have incorporated the generated content into your literature review, thoroughly edit and proofread the document. Check for grammatical errors, consistency in referencing, and overall clarity. This step is crucial to ensure your literature review is polished and professional.

1. Otio: The AI Research Assistant You Didn't Know You Needed 

Otio’s AI-powered literature review tool is designed to help researchers manage the overwhelming amount of information available today. The platform streamlines the research process by allowing users to collect a wide range of information, including bookmarks, tweets, videos, PDFs, and more. 

An integrated AI assistant then creates detailed notes on all collected data. Users can even chat with these notes to extract specific information. Finally, Otio helps users write research papers faster by enabling them to draft essays using the data collected in the app. 

2. ChatSonic: The Feature-Rich Alternative To ChatGPT 

ChatSonic by Writesonic is an alternative to ChatGPT that offers advanced features like Google search integration, up-to-date factual content, voice commands, and image generation. Unlike ChatGPT, ChatSonic is integrated with Google, enabling it to provide the latest results on any search topic available on the internet. 

This advanced AI chatbot can assist with real-time data, image searches, and voice commands, making it a valuable tool for research and content creation. While ChatSonic has several advantages, including image generation and Google search data, it also has some limitations, such as pricing and limited access to the latest language models. 

Google search integration for up-to-date content 

Advanced AI chatbot features like voice commands and image generation 

Easy access and user-friendly interface 

Ideal for users already using Writesonic 

Pricing may be a limitation for some users 

Limited access to the latest language models 

Useless features like templates and chat personalities 

3. Gemini: Your Research Assistant for 2023 and Beyond 

Gemini is an AI tool similar to ChatGPT that helps users brainstorm ideas, craft scripts, and generate content across various formats. Integrated with Google’s search capabilities, Gemini provides accurate and informative content, making it a valuable resource for research and knowledge. 

The tool’s multimodal capabilities allow it to process text, images, and other formats, expanding its applications across different industries.  Gemini also demonstrates reasoning and problem-solving skills, potentially improving its capabilities through ongoing research and development. Users within the Google ecosystem can seamlessly integrate Gemini with other Google tools and services, streamlining their workflow. 

Informative and accurate content generation 

Multimodal capabilities across text, images, and other formats 

Potential for continuous improvement and enhanced capabilities 

Seamless integration with Google tools and services 

Limited public access may restrict adoption and testing 

Risk of inaccurate information 

Inherited biases and creative limitations 

4. Jasper AI: A Top AI Writing Tool for Marketing and Business Copy 

Jasper.ai is an AI writing tool that generates marketing copy for various purposes like blog posts, product descriptions, company bios, ad copy, and social media captions. With hundreds of templates, Jasper.ai simplifies content creation for marketers of all levels. 

The tool’s ability to generate high-quality content quickly and efficiently is beneficial for companies looking to scale up their content production. Jasper.ai has several advantages, including natural-sounding content generation. However, it has limitations, such as a lack of personality and voice, the potential need for heavy editing, and struggles with niche topics. 

Quick content generation within seconds 

Natural-sounding, well-written, and accurate output 

Sparks new ideas and angles for content creation 

Affordable pricing for small businesses 

Lack of personality and voice in content 

May require heavy editing for specific content types 

Struggles with niche topics and lacks fact-checking capabilities 

5. Jenni AI: Your Personalized Writing Assistant 

Jenni AI is an AI-powered writing tool that assists students in generating ideas, optimizing their writing, and improving SEO. This tool provides personalized writing assistance, offers prompts, generates drafts, and aligns with chosen style guides to jumpstart the writing process.  

It also includes paraphrasing and rewriting support with an in-built plagiarism checker, allowing users to transform content quickly. While Jenni AI has numerous advantages, including personalized writing assistance and research integration, it also has limitations like reduced speed of content creation and limited content types and tone suggestions. 

Personalized line-by-line writing assistance 

Writing prompts and initial draft generation capabilities 

Paraphrasing and rewriting support with plagiarism checker 

Built-in research engine for content creation 

Reduced speed of content creation 

Limited content types and tone suggestions 

Risk of meaning changes in paraphrasing 

Limited translation support for non-native English speakers 

6. Microsoft Bing AI: A Powerful ChatGPT Alternative for Research 

Microsoft Bing AI is an AI-powered search functionality incorporating GPT-4 technology to deliver timely and relevant search results. This virtual assistant can understand complex prompts, provide advanced search features, access real-time information, and offer rich media search options.

Integrated with the Microsoft ecosystem, Bing AI enhances user workflows, leverages natural language processing and conversational search capabilities, and prioritizes user privacy and security. Despite its advantages, Bing AI may need help with its lower popularity than Google and potential variability in search accuracy and feature lag. 

Advanced search features and contextual understanding 

Up-to-date information and real-time data access 

Robust search options for various media types 

Less popular than Google 

Perception and familiarity challenges 

Potential variability in search accuracy 

Feature lag compared to competitors 

7. DialoGPT: An Alternative for Human-Like Conversations 

DialoGPT is an AI model tailored for human-like conversations and can engage in natural dialogues on diverse topics. This large-scale transformer model retains context over multiple conversational turns, handles various topics and conversational styles, and can be fine-tuned for specific applications or industries.  

DialoGPT users can integrate it into chatbots, customer service solutions, and virtual assistants to enhance user interactions. While DialoGPT has numerous advantages, such as contextual awareness and training on diverse data, it also faces challenges like response quality variability and maintaining coherence during more prolonged or complex conversations. 

Context maintenance over multiple conversation turns 

Trained on a large dataset of conversations 

Customizable for specific applications or industries  

Integration potential with various applications 

Response quality variability 

Context limitation in longer or complex conversations 

Lack of real-world knowledge and potential biases 

Inaccuracies in responses 

8. Google's Bard AI: An Experimental ChatGPT Alternative with Google Integration 

Google's Bard AI is an experimental conversational AI service built on the LaMDA technology, offering AI-powered search and response functionality. This AI chatbot can answer user queries, access the latest information, and assist with tasks like restaurant reservations and flight bookings. 

Integrated with Google services, Bard AI benefits from Google's vast data resources to generate informative and contextually relevant answers. While Bard AI has several advantages, like integration with Google's ecosystem and rich contextual knowledge, it also faces challenges such as dependence on Google's data, privacy concerns, and response variability. 

Integration with Google services and data resources 

Rich contextual knowledge and informative responses 

Natural solid language generation capabilities 

Continuous updates and improvements through Google's ecosystem 

Dependence on Google's data and potential biases 

Privacy concerns regarding user data handling 

Response variability and accuracy challenges 

Limited personalization capabilities

Here are some helpful ChatGPT prompts for writing a literature review:

1. "Can you provide an overview of the main theories and concepts related to [your research topic]?”

2. “What are the current trends and developments in [your research field]?”

3. “Can you suggest some key studies or research papers on [specific aspects of your research topic]?”

4. “What are the main methodologies used in conducting research on [your research topic]?”

5. “Can you provide a critical analysis of the existing literature on [your research question]?”

6. “Are there any gaps or areas of controversy in the literature on [your research topic] that need further exploration?”

7. “What are the key findings and conclusions from the most recent studies on [your research topic]?”

8. “Can you suggest some reputable journals or publications to explore for relevant literature in [your research field]?”

9. “What are the different perspectives or schools of thought in the literature on [your research topic]?”

10. “Can you provide a summary of the historical background and evolution of research on [your research topic]?”

Get Started with ChatGPT: Finding the Paperclip Icon

First, fire up ChatGPT and find the paperclip icon . It's easy to locate on the left side of the bar at the bottom of the page. Once you've seen it, select the icon to begin uploading your document. 

Uploading Your Document to ChatGPT

After selecting the paperclip icon, a window with your device's files will appear. From here, simply locate the document you want to analyze and click on it to upload it into ChatGPT. 

Writing a Prompt for Your Document Review

Once the document has been uploaded, you can write a prompt for ChatGPT to follow as it reviews your document. In this case, ask ChatGPT to summarize the contents of your document, list the main topics covered, or even help you rewrite sections to improve clarity.

Information overload is no longer just a nuisance for researchers and students. It's a severe problem that can hinder performance, affect research quality, and even lead to burnout. With the advent of AI, researchers can get help to alleviate the pain of information overload. But first, they need to find a way to get organized. Otio is designed to help users organize their research papers before they start writing them. 

Let Otio be your AI research and writing partner — try Otio for free today !

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How to Use ChatGPT in Scientific Writing: Tips and Tricks

Updated December 11th, 2023

In this article, we want to adress a very current but controversial topic: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) language models such as ChatGPT in scientific writing . There are several ways you can utilize ChatGPT while you are doing research or while you are writing a scientific manuscript. In this article we will cover several possibilities on how to use ChatGPT in scientific writing. Please also read how to write a scientific paper before you ask ChatGPT anything about it.

Disclaimer : As an advanced AI model capable of understanding and generating natural language, ChatGPT can help you in multiple ways. But although the title of this article is “How to use ChatGPT in Scientific Writing”, be aware of the following:

Do not use ChatGPT to write actual text for your scientific manuscript!

ChatGPT may generate wrong and plagiarized content. Although you can check the output of ChatGPT with tools such as PlagiaShield , you should always be extra careful when copying any parts. Otherwise, you might get your research rejected instantly .

What to Consider Before ChatGPT Can Help You in Scientific Writing

First of all, it is important how you perceive ChatGPT .

It is by no means an automatic typewriter that generates text to be copied and pasted into your manuscript, presentation or other scientific documents. Rather, I suggest that you think of ChatGPT as an assistant that can help you with many things. However, it also has some limitations that you should be aware of before implementing ChatGPT into any of your workflows. In science, ChatGPT may only be of use, if the user (you) has substantial knowledge and experience in her/his field. You need to be able to differenciate meaninful from useless and more important right from wrong information.

It is tempting to give ChatGPT a prompt such as “write me an introduction for a scientific paper with the following title: ‘XYZ'”. I can only recommend everyone to try it – once! The result will make some sense and there might be some valuable information in it but it will most likely not suit your specific topic or thesis. The potential of ChatGPT lies in somewhat more sophisticated approaches.

The Top 6 Applications for ChatGPT in Scientific Writing

Let’s now dive into specific areas and explore how to use ChatGPT for scientific writing. Here we will briefly go through the 5 best ways to use ChatGPT while doing research or writing a scientific manuscript. Each point will be discussed in detail below with example prompts.

• Brainstorming and Finding Arguments
• Summarizing and Concentrating
• Paraphrasing and Simplifying
• Identifying Key Words and Key Points
• Creating Figures and Graphs
• Find Alternative Phrases and Synonyms

But now let us go into details so you can learn how ChatGPT can help you with your scientific research.

1. Brainstorming and Finding Arguments

ChatGPT is a great tool to help with generating ideas, finding arguments and general brainstorming. This can be helpful either before you start collecting information or after you already gathered some data in order to check if you maybe missed a relevant point.

How to Brainstorm in Scientific Writing Using ChatGPT

For example, you can ask ChatGPT: “ Give me treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma. Use bullet points .”

It will give you an output that will look something like this:

ChatGPT : Sure, here are the treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma in bullet points:

• Surgery (resection or liver transplant)
• Radiofrequency ablation (heat to destroy cancer cells)
• Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) (chemotherapy drugs injected directly into tumor)
• Systemic chemotherapy (drugs given through the bloodstream)
• Targeted therapy (drugs that target specific proteins or pathways involved in cancer growth)
• Immunotherapy (drugs that help the immune system to fight cancer)
• Radiation therapy (high-energy radiation used to kill cancer cells)
• Palliative care (treatment to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life)

At first sight, this list seems quite complete but depending on your level of expertise you might find that there are things missing (what about radioembolization, microwave ablation etc.). Maybe there will even be obvious mistakes. This is especially important in fields with rapid developments or novel innovations. As ChatGPT has no access to very current data, you need to be able to identify mistakes or gaps in its output .

However, lets say you already made your list and discussed treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma but somehow missed to include transarterial chemoembolization . In this case, ChatGPT will make you aware of this gap and will allow you to make your text or list more comprehensive. Again, please always be critical about the output and do additional scientiftific research by yourself to fact-check if you are not entirely sure about some things.

How to Use ChatGPT to Compare Things and Find Arguments in Scientific Writing

Given the huge data set that ChatGPT is trained on, it knows a lot about a lot of things. Therefore, you can use it to compare things and find arguments for different items.

For example, you could ask ChatGPT: “ Compare radiofrequency and microwave ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma “.

In this case, my test output looked like this:

ChatGPT : Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are two minimally invasive procedures used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both techniques aim to destroy cancerous tissue using thermal energy. However, there are some differences between the two methods:

• Mechanism of action: RFA uses high-frequency electrical currents to generate heat, while MWA uses electromagnetic waves to generate heat. MWA can achieve higher temperatures in a shorter amount of time.
• Tumor size: RFA is generally more effective for smaller tumors, typically those less than 3 cm in size. MWA may be better for larger tumors, as it can create a larger ablation zone.
• Procedural time: RFA requires a longer procedural time than MWA. MWA can complete treatment in a shorter time.
• Complications: Both RFA and MWA are generally safe and have few complications. However, there is a slightly higher risk of thermal injury to nearby tissues with MWA.
• Cost: MWA is generally more expensive than RFA.

In summary, RFA and MWA are both effective treatment options for HCC, but the choice between the two may depend on the tumor size and location, as well as the patient’s individual situation and the availability of the techniques in the treatment center.

Again, you need specific knowledge to evaluate this information with regard to the correctness. However, you will get some information of points, where you can get into more detail. For example, maybe you did not include potential differences in procedural time in your discussion. You now can research this point regarding real and authorized information and then add this to your discussion citing the respective references.

Helpful ressources to perform scientific literature research are PubMed and GoogleScholar (among many others).

2. Summarizing and Concentrating

ChatGPT is great in summarizing and modifying text. You can copy and paste any text into the search field and tell it to summarize it into one paragraph or even into single sentences. Or you can even tell it to summarize prior studies for you. Again, there are some things to know beforehand and you are asked to critically evaluate the output.

How to Use ChatGPT for Summarizing Scientific Texts

For example, you can give ChatGPT a scientific text as input. In this test case, I put the first section of the Wikipedia Article of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the text box and told it to summarize it using just 3 sentences. “ TEXT. Summarize this. Three sentences .”

Using this prompt, I received the following output:

ChatGPT : Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is linked to chronic liver injury and inflammation, often caused by chronic viral hepatitis infection or exposure to toxins. HCC has a poor prognosis and treatment varies depending on the specifics of the tumor and overall health of the patient. The incidence of HCC is highest in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where hepatitis B infection is endemic, but it is also increasing in the United States and other developing countries due to an increase in hepatitis C virus infections.

Again, there might and will be mistakes but this can be a helpful tool to get a short and concise summary of a scientific text or study beyond what is written in the abstract . For example, you can also try to put the DOI/link and title of a study as input. Please be aware, that this will not work for every link, especially if the study is more recent.

Furthermore, make sure that there are no one-to-one copies. If you want to use the output, perform a plagiarism check using tools such as PlagiaShield .

How to Use ChatGPT to Concentrate Text in Scientific Writing

Almost everybody, that has published anything in the scientific world or even has presented on a scientific congress has faced ‘ word limits ‘. Maybe it is the abstract, that can only have 200 words – but your study is soo extensive. Or you want to submit your paper to a journal, that has a word limit of 2400 for the manuscript body – but your manuscript has 3500…

The approach is similar to the one above but now you need to tell ChatGPT that you want to reduce the text to a specific length or “by 10%” . Although this can work quite well, it will sometimes ignore your specifications and write the output significantly longer or shorter.

Furthermore, this approach can have some privacy issues . You can´t know, how the data you put into the text field is collected and processed. I strongly advise not to put sensitive or protected data into the chat box.

3. Paraphrasing and Simplifying

Although summarizing and concentrating text will also result in rephrasing sentences, you can use ChatGPT to adjust the complexity or tone of a text . Maybe you have written a scientific article but you now want to make a presentation for a broader audience. In this case, you might want to reduce scientific terms and implement an easier language.

Lets say you have the following definition for hepatocellular carcinoma:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a neoplastic proliferative disorder of the liver characterized by the malignant transformation and aberrant growth of hepatocytes, which are the primary functional cells of the liver parenchyma, leading to the development of a tumor with the potential for local infiltration, regional metastasis, and systemic dissemination, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. This pathological condition is thought to arise from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including but not limited to chronic viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and exposure to hepatotoxic agents, which promote the accumulation of genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, and chromosomal instability within the hepatocyte population, ultimately leading to the dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways involved in cell growth, survival, and differentiation.

You can tell ChatGPT to take the text above as input and “ re-write it using shorter sentences and simpler language “. In this case, I got the following output:

ChatGPT : Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of liver cancer that happens when liver cells grow out of control and form a tumor. This can cause serious health problems and can even be deadly.

Several things can increase the risk of getting HCC, including chronic viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and exposure to harmful chemicals. These things can damage the liver and make it more likely for cancer to develop.

This can be especially useful for scientific communications that need to be suitable for a broader audience. I cannot emphasize this enough, please read the output carefully and use it only for orientation and content input.

4. Identifying Key Words and Key Points

Another helpful application can be the identification of key words and key points for your study. Lets talk about how to use ChatGPT to identify key words and key points in scientific writing:

Many scientific jounals require you to provide key words in addition to the abstract. Furthermore, key points can be helpful to communicate your key findings and they might also be required by some journals .

Lets say, you wrote a manuscript for the following study: “ In-patient care trends in peripheral artery disease in the German healthcare system over the past decade “

You already wrote your manuscript but now you also need some key words and key points. In this case, the journal also requires your key words to be compatible with the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) database.

Example on How to Use ChatGPT for Generating MeSH Key Words

You could paste your abstract to ChatGPT as input and ask something like this: “ I have this abstract: [paste abstract ]. Please give me 5 key words and 3 key points. Make the key words MeSH compatible. “

Here I got this output:

ChatGPT : Sure, here are five potential keywords that are compatible with the PubMed MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) database:

• Peripheral Arterial Disease
• Hospitalization/trends
• Comorbidity
• Revascularization
• Health Care Costs

Please note that these MeSH terms may have subheadings that can be used to refine the search further. Additionally, there may be other MeSH terms that are relevant to your study that are not included in this list.

Here are three potential key points for your study:

• Hospitalizations due to peripheral artery disease have increased over the past decade, with a notable rise in comorbid patients.
• The average cost per hospitalization has increased over time, reflecting the growing burden of peripheral artery disease on healthcare systems.
• Endovascular approaches, such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, are becoming more common for treating peripheral artery disease, particularly in smaller vessels below the knee.

As you are the expert of your study , you might find some key words more suitable and some key points not fitting. However, this approach can be a good start and facilitate your progress in scientific writing.

5. Creating Figures and Graphs

ChatGPT can be a good ressource and assistance during the generation of figures and graphs for your scientific study. In this paragraph we want to talk about how to use ChatGPT to create figures and graphs in scientific writing. Starting from getting ideas to the actual generation of figures, there are several steps where you can utilize ChatGPT.

How to Use ChatGPT to Get Ideas for Graphs in Scientific Writing

Let´s start with which graphs to use. If you have enough information for your study, you can ask ChatGPT for ideas for graphs. For example, given the information (abstract) of the prompt before, you could ask: “ What would be great graphs for the study mentioned above? “

ChatGPT: Based on the information provided in the abstract, here are a few graphs that could be useful for this study:

• Line graph showing trends in the number of hospitalizations for peripheral artery disease over time (2009-2018). This graph could highlight the increase in hospitalizations over the decade.
• Bar graph comparing the frequency of different comorbidities among patients hospitalized for peripheral artery disease. This graph could help identify the most common comorbidities associated with the disease.
• Stacked bar graph comparing the frequency of different revascularization procedures performed for peripheral artery disease, such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, bypasses, and endarterectomies. This graph could show the shift from surgical to endovascular approaches over the decade.
• Scatter plot showing the relationship between hospitalization costs and patient comorbidities or severity of peripheral artery disease. This graph could help identify factors that contribute to higher hospitalization costs.
• Box plot showing the distribution of the linear van Walraven score among patients hospitalized for peripheral artery disease over time. This graph could highlight the increasing severity of cases over the decade.

These are just a few ideas for potential graphs based on the information provided in the abstract. The most appropriate types of graphs may depend on the specific research questions and data available for the study.

You will probably already have some ideas that you want to illustrate in your paper, but using this prompt will give you some concrete suggestions in no time. Since we tend to use similar approaches (and similar numbers) in our studies, this can also be a good source of new ideas to help broaden your horizons.

How to Use ChatGPT to Create Graphs in Scientific Writing

If you have ever written a scientific paper, you have probably been at the point where you wanted to illustrate your data with a graph or plot . There are several options and software out there to create high quality graphs and this will not be a step-by-step guide on how to use different software. From Excel to SPSS to Python ( Matplotlib ) and R ( ggplot2 ), many tools can be used and will most likely produce acceptable graphs. However, both Matplotlib (Python) and gglplot2 (R) are very powerful and able to generate excellent and extremely versatile visualizations of your data . The downside is that you now have to learn how to program in those languages.

Now what does that have to do with ChatGPT you might ask? If you ever worked with Python or R, you will have come to the point where you wanted or needed to tweak your plot in some way. To do this, you read through guides, forum posts and stack overflow and ultimately found the line of code that did just what you wanted.

However, you may have never used Python or R before and feel overwhelmed by the thought of learning a programming language just to create some plots. Whether you are a beginner of this approach or you already found yourself struggeling while trying to adjust some of your figures, ChatGPT is here to help.

Example on How To Use ChatGPT to Create a Scientific Graph

As a novice, you can ask ChatGPT on how to generate a graph in any programming language . For example:

“ How to generate a scatter plot in R using ggplot2? “

In this case, you will get specific instructions with annotations and even readily written code to use to generate your high-quality figure.

Naturally, you need some knowledge on how to install and use R. However, with just basic knowledge you can kickstart the creation of your first high-end scientific graphs. And be aware that you can just ask for any modification .

Maybe you want to add a regression line to your plot: “ How to add a regression line to this graph? “

The detailed descriptions in the output of ChatGPT will help you to modify your code yourself. Before you know it, you will be able to create beautiful and expressive plots on your own , and you will use ChatGPT for more advanced questions.

Of course, you will need to learn how to import your data, install packages, manage data frames, and much more. But with the help of ChatGPT, the learning curve of any programming language can be significantly flattened enabling everybody to create lovely scientific graphs and plots. If you want to learn more about data visualization with generative AI, I can reccomend the following online course on data visualization with ChatGPT *:

6. Alternative Phrases and Synonyms

If you´re writing about a certain topic, you may find yourself using the same phrases over and over again. Not only does this create a somewhat monotonous aspect, but it also limits how your manuscript can be perceived. For example, if you´re always using the term “patients with oncologic diseases” in your paper that analyzes something about oncology patients, you are missing something out. Same thing is true if you´re writing a rebuttal letter and you start your comments to the reviewers always the same way.

Try asking ChatGPT for alternative phrases or synonyms. This will not only spice up your text, but also broaden your horizons for future scientific writing.

Just paste your overused phrase into ChatGPT and ask for (lets say 5) alternative phrases or synonyms. In no time you will have a good basis to use in your manuscript.

Happy writing!

Some links on this site are affiliate links (*). If you choose to buy a product using these links, I might get a commision for this purchase. For you, this does not change the price.

Board-certified radiologist, blogger, tech enthusiast, and clinician scientist working in Germany.

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How to Use ChatGPT To Write A Research Paper

Over the past three years, we’ve helped thousands of students write research papers with research mentors. And, since the public release of ChatGPT, we’ve been getting questions about how best to use (and not use) this new technology. In this article, we outline the best ways to use ChatGPT from our experience including the ways that ChatGPT can help out academic writing - and the ways that it can be limited. We’re researchers ourselves - our founders met at Harvard while doing a research program - so we’ll show you what we’re seeing and how you can use it for your own papers.

What is ChatGPT?

ChatGPT is an advanced language model developed by OpenAI. It is designed to generate human-like responses to any input you desire, making it a powerful tool for anyone. ChatGPT can understand social contexts, recognize patterns, and generate coherent messages. Here’s an example from our co-cofounder Stephen, when he used ChatGPT to try to recreate a paper one of his students wrote on high school employment.

As you can see from his article, ChatGPT was quite good at building a somewhat credible sounding literature review - but wasn’t as good at identifying accurate information. ChatGPT has gotten better since he wrote that piece (in December, 2022), but it still makes factual mistakes which can be dangerous for a researcher when using ChatGPT.

ChatGPT has already been used to write complex code for algorithms, transcribed new poems and stories, and

7 Ways to Use ChatGPT to Write A Research Paper

Below, we outline a few steps to use ChatGPT when writing a research paper. We begin with thinking about the structure of the paper and then moving to discuss how you can level up the existing writing you’ve done.

1. Summarize Other Research Papers

As an up-and-coming researcher, other scientific papers may be extremely dense and difficult to read. Have ChatGPT summarize the article for you.

Us: Write a paragraph summary of "Acceleration of 1I/‘Oumuamua from radiolytically produced H2 in H2O ice" by Bergner.

ChatGPT: In the paper "Acceleration of 1I/‘Oumuamua from radiolytically produced H2 in H2O ice", Bergner explores the possibility that the interstellar object 'Oumuamua could have been propelled by gas released from its surface due to the decomposition of water ice by cosmic radiation. The author presents a theoretical model and calculations to support this hypothesis and shows that the acceleration observed in 'Oumuamua's trajectory could be explained by the release of hydrogen gas from the object's surface. The study suggests that the radiolytic decomposition of water ice could be a common mechanism for the propulsion of interstellar objects and highlights the importance of further investigating the properties and behavior of such objects.

2. Edit Your Style and Grammar

ChatGPT’s ability to deeply understand English can be used as a grammar checker by inputting any text into the chat window and receiving feedback on any grammatical errors. This can already be done with other existing software, but the most exciting thing is that ChatGPT can transform any input you enter into the prompt.

If you believe that your essay sounds too informal, utilizes rudimentary vocabulary that you want to upgrade, or you want to add more technical terms, you can say just that. Copy your essay into the prompt, with your request, such as “ Use fancier scientific knowledge/terminology to applicable places in my essay. ” or “Edit my essay to increase the brevity of this paragraph.” or “Make this essay more at the level for 8th graders/college-level research paper.”

Outside of research papers, you could even use this to change the tone or style of any writing pieces. “Transform this essay into a long prose in the style of a limerick. “Write this paragraph about my day yesterday in the style of a Ph.D research paper.”

3. Generating an First Outline

Writing a large research paper can be extremely overwhelming, and sometimes, you may not even know where to start. An outline can be extremely helpful, and can be generated by ChatGPT. You can even specialize and customize this outline based on your needs and specialities, as each paper and style of paper will have its unique structures.

Us: Draft an outline for a biology research paper at a college level

I. Introduction

A. Background information on the topic

B. Significance of the research question

C. Research objectives and hypotheses

D. Brief overview of the structure of the paper

II. Literature review

A. Overview of the relevant literature

B. Key concepts and theories related to the topic

C. Previous research on the topic

D. Gaps in the literature and the need for further research

III. Methods

A. Description of the study design and methodology

B. Sampling strategy and sample size

C. Data collection techniques and instrumentation

D. Data analysis methods

… and it continues on until the end of the paper.

4. Build a First Draft to Your Paper

Similar to above, we can have ChatGPT generate ideas and new content based off of your outlines for any research papers. With any idea you may have, you can have ChatGPT write a couple sentences that could kickstart your thinking process or use as experimentation. For example,

Us: Write three sentences on the effect and most prevalent gut microbiota regulating the immune system

ChatGPT: The gut microbiota is known to modulate the immune system via complex interactions with immune cells, including regulatory T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Alterations in gut microbial composition, such as a decrease in beneficial bacteria like Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and an increase in pathogenic bacteria, have been linked to several immune-mediated diseases. Therefore, maintaining a healthy balance of gut microbiota is essential for immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune disorders.

From your outline, you can begin using this to begin bolstering your essay with actual content, utilizing this generated content as a text-filled outline to begin writing the rest of the paper. Be sure to edit, fact check anything that you may not recognize, and do not purely just copy and paste.

5. Expand and Draw Conclusions From Experiments

Sometimes during research, you run into a roadblock and cannot figure out where to go further from your recent experiment. You may just need another person, or better yet, a computer to help you out.

Us: What conclusions can I draw from a western blot and what experiments should I conduct afterwards?

ChatGPT: A Western blot is a widely used technique in molecular biology to detect and quantify specific proteins in a sample. The conclusions that can be drawn from a Western blot depend on the research question being addressed, but generally, the presence or absence of a target protein in the sample can be inferred from the signal intensity of the band observed on the blot. Other conclusions, such as the size and post-translational modifications of the protein of interest, can also be deduced based on the molecular weight and mobility of the band.

After obtaining initial results from a Western blot, it is important to conduct further experiments to confirm and extend the findings. For example, one could perform additional Western blots using different antibodies to validate the specificity of the signal, or use techniques such as co-immunoprecipitation or mass spectrometry to identify interacting partners or modifications of the target protein. It may also be useful to compare the levels of the target protein across different samples or experimental conditions to gain insight into its regulation and function. Additionally, follow-up experiments could involve perturbing the expression or activity of the protein of interest to investigate its role in cellular processes or disease states.

6. Correct Misconceptions As an Encyclopedia

It can be easy to mix up pieces of information, or just accidentally mess up something. Use the internet as an encyclopedia for your convenience.

Us: Cesium fluoride has been shown to exhibit unique catalytic properties in organic reactions due to its high reactivity and low ionization potential, making it an attractive alternative to traditional catalysts.

ChatGPT: The sentence is partially true, as Cesium fluoride (CsF) is indeed known for its high reactivity and low ionization potential. However, it is not commonly used as a catalyst in organic reactions because it is a strong base and can cause unwanted side reactions. In addition, CsF is also expensive and can be difficult to handle due to its high reactivity with moisture in the air. Therefore, CsF is not a common alternative to traditional catalysts in organic reactions.

7. Use as a Writing Partner Throughout Your Process

How many times have you wished that you had someone to banter with, to run ideas through, to ask if this paragraph makes sense in the structure of your paper. While ChatGPT may be just a computer, its natural language processing origins means that it can be great to answer these questions above. ChatGPT can assess readability, make sure that a sentence fits into place with the “story” of your research, and do much of what another person “reading over” your essay can do.

How to NOT Use ChatGPT?

While being such a valuable resource, there are many, many reasons and scenarios to not use ChatGPT. ChatGPT, at its heart, can be an aid to progressing your education, but never a replacement for using critical thinking skills or purely – to learn.

1. Write Your Entire Research Paper For You Through Copy and Paste

It may be tempting to just ask all of your research questions and copy and paste what ChatGPT generates for you, but is taking the “easy” way out the best way to go? Remember that ChatGPT is trained from data and continues to be an ever-evolving model, but not perfect and never fully accurate. It can easily misdirect you with information that may seem correct, but are fully factually inaccurate. Additionally, think of all of the moral issues with submitting work that was not created by you and conclusions not synthesized by you.

2. Analyze Your Data

ChatGPT cannot synthesize new information and conclusions based on posted data, due to its limitations as a language model. ChatGPT is just an advanced version of existing language models, which can only predict the next word based off of the previous word based off of previous data it has learned from. It can be difficult, or flat out wrong, to synthesize conclusions based on what ChatGPT has analyzed.

If you’re looking for the opportunity to research under the guidance of a mentor that is not ChatGPT, then consider applying to the Lumiere Research Scholar Program . Last year over 2100 students applied for about 500 spots in the program. You can find the application form here.

Aaron Zheng is a sophomore at Harvard University, studying Bioengineering. He is passionate about biotechnology, business development, and aiding students get to college, regardless of background. In his spare time, he looks to read, journal, and explore the world.

Image source: Stock image.

'ZDNET Recommends': What exactly does it mean?

ZDNET's recommendations are based on many hours of testing, research, and comparison shopping. We gather data from the best available sources, including vendor and retailer listings as well as other relevant and independent reviews sites. And we pore over customer reviews to find out what matters to real people who already own and use the products and services we’re assessing.

When you click through from our site to a retailer and buy a product or service, we may earn affiliate commissions. This helps support our work, but does not affect what we cover or how, and it does not affect the price you pay. Neither ZDNET nor the author are compensated for these independent reviews. Indeed, we follow strict guidelines that ensure our editorial content is never influenced by advertisers.

ZDNET's editorial team writes on behalf of you, our reader. Our goal is to deliver the most accurate information and the most knowledgeable advice possible in order to help you make smarter buying decisions on tech gear and a wide array of products and services. Our editors thoroughly review and fact-check every article to ensure that our content meets the highest standards. If we have made an error or published misleading information, we will correct or clarify the article. If you see inaccuracies in our content, please report the mistake via this form .

How to make ChatGPT provide sources and citations

One of the biggest complaints about ChatGPT is that it provides information that is difficult to check for accuracy. Those complaints exist because ChatGPT doesn't provide the sources, footnotes, or links from which it derived the information in its answers.

While that is true for the GPT-3.5 model, GPT-4 and GPT-4o  provide more citation resources. While GPT-4 is only for paid subscribers, GPT-4o is available to both free and paid subscribers, although free users get fewer citations and less detail than users with a ChatGPT Plus subscription .

Also:  4 things Claude AI can do that ChatGPT can't  

Here's how ChatGPT describes the approach: "GPT-4o in free mode provides basic and essential citations, focusing on quick and concise references to ensure information is traceable. In contrast, GPT-4o in paid mode offers enhanced, detailed, and frequent citations, including multiple sources and contextual annotations to provide comprehensive verification and understanding of the information. This ensures a robust and reliable experience, especially beneficial for users requiring in-depth information and thorough source verification."

Even with the provided citations in GPT-4o, there are ways to improve your results.

1. Write a query and ask ChatGPT

To start, you need to ask ChatGPT something that needs sources or citations. I've found it's better to ask a question with a longer answer, so there's more "meat" for ChatGPT to chew on. 

Also: The best AI chatbots: ChatGPT and other interesting alternatives to try

Keep in mind that ChatGPT can't provide any information after January 2022 for GPT-3.5, April 2023 for GPT-4, and October 2023 for GPT-4o, and requests for information pre-internet (say, for a paper on Ronald Reagan's presidency) will have far fewer available sources.

Here's an example of a prompt I wrote on a topic that I worked on a lot when I was in grad school:

Describe the learning theories of cognitivism, behaviorism, and constructivism

2. Ask ChatGPT to provide sources

This is where a bit of prompt engineering comes in. A good starting point is with this query:

Please provide sources for the previous answer

I've found that this prompt often provides offline sources, books, papers, etc. The problem with offline sources is you can't check their veracity. Still, it's a starting point. A better query is this:

Please provide URL sources

This prompt specifically tells ChatGPT that you want clickable links to sources. You can also tweak this prompt by asking for a specific quantity of sources, although your mileage might vary in terms of how many you get back:

Please provide 10 URL sources

3. Push ChatGPT to give you higher-quality sources

Most large language models  respond well to detail and specificity . So if you're asking for sources, you can push for higher-quality sources. You'll need to specify that you need reliable and accurate sources. While this approach won't necessarily work, it may remind the AI chatbot to give you more useful responses. For example:

Please provide me with reputable sources to support my argument on... (whatever the topic is you're looking at)

You can also tell ChatGPT the kinds of sources you want. If you're looking for scholarly articles, peer-reviewed journals, books, or authoritative websites, mention these preferences explicitly. For example:

Please recommend peer-reviewed journals that discuss... (and here, repeat what you discussed earlier in your conversation)

When dealing with abstract concepts or theories, request that ChatGPT provide a conceptual framework and real-world examples. Here's an example:

Can you describe the principles of Vygotsky's Social Development Theory and provide real-world examples where these principles were applied, including sources for these examples?

This approach gives you a theoretical explanation and practical instances to trace the original sources or case studies.

Also: Two ways you can build custom AI assistants with GPT-4o

Another idea is to use sources that don't have link rot (that is, they're no longer online at the URL that ChatGPT might know). Be careful with this idea, though, because ChatGPT doesn't know about things after January 2022 for GPT-3.5, April 2023 for GPT-4, and October 2023 for GPT-4o. So, while you might be tempted to use a prompt like this:

Please provide me with sources published within the past five years.

Instead, consider using a prompt like this:

Please provide sources published from 2019 through April 2023.

And, as always, don't assume that whatever output ChatGPT gives you is accurate. It's still quite possible the AI will completely fabricate answers, even to the point of making up the names of what seem like academic journals. It's a sometimes helpful tool, but it's also  a fibber .

4. Attempt to verify/validate the provided sources

Keep this golden rule in mind about ChatGPT-provided sources: ChatGPT is more often wrong than right .

Across the many times I've asked ChatGPT for URL sources, roughly half were just plain bad links. Another 25% or more of the links went to topics completely or somewhat unrelated to the one I was trying to source. GPT-4 and GPT-4o are slightly more reliable, but not by much.

Also: How to use ChatGPT: Everything you need to know

For example, I asked for sources on a backgrounder for the phrase "trust but verify,"  generally popularized by US President Ronald Reagan. I got a lot of sources back, but most didn't exist. I got some back that correctly took me to active pages on the Reagan Presidential Library site, but the page topic had nothing to do with the phrase.

I had better luck with my learning theory question from step 1. There, I got back offline texts from people I knew from my studies who had worked on those theories. I also got back URLs. Once again, only about two in 10 worked or were accurate.

Also:  What does GPT stand for? Understanding GPT-3.5, GPT-4, GPT-4o, and more

Don't despair. The idea isn't to expect ChatGPT to provide sources that you can immediately use. If you instead think of ChatGPT as a research assistant, it will give you some great starting places. Use the names of the articles (which may be completely fake or just not accessible) and drop them into Google. That process will give you some interesting search queries that probably lead to interesting material that can legitimately go into your research.

Also, keep in mind that you're not limited to using ChatGPT. Don't forget all the tools available to researchers and students. Do your own web searches. Check with primary sources and subject-matter experts if they're available. If you're in school, you can even ask your friendly neighborhood librarian for help.

Also:  How to use ChatGPT to create an app

Don't forget that there are many excellent traditional sources. For example, Google Scholar and JSTOR  provide access to a wide range of academically acceptable resources you can cite with reasonable confidence.

One final point: if you merely cut and paste ChatGPT sources into your research, you're likely to get stung. Use the AI for clues, not as a way to avoid the real work of research.

How do you put sources in APA format? 

APA style is a citation style that's often required in academic programs. APA stands for American Psychological Association. I've often thought they invented these style rules to get more customers. The definitive starting point for APA style is the Purdue OWL , which provides a wide range of style guidelines.

Also:   GPT-3.5 vs GPT-4: Is ChatGPT Plus worth its subscription fee?

Be careful: online style formatters might not do a complete job, and you may get your work returned by your professor. It pays to do the work yourself -- and be careful doing it.

How can I make ChatGPT provide more reliable sources for its responses?

This is a good question. I have found that sometimes -- sometimes -- if you ask ChatGPT to give you more sources or re-ask for sources, it will give you new listings. If you tell ChatGPT the sources it provided were erroneous, it will sometimes give you better ones. The bot may also apologize and give excuses. Another approach is to re-ask your original question with a different focus or direction, and then ask for sources for the new answer.

Also: How to access, install, and use AI ChatGPT-4 plugins

Once again, my best advice is to avoid treating ChatGPT as a tool that writes for you and more as a writing assistant. Asking for sources to cut and paste a ChatGPT response is pretty much plagiarism. That said, using ChatGPT's responses, and any sources you can tease out, as clues for further research and writing is a legitimate way to use this tool.

Why are ChatGPT sources often so wrong? 

For some links, it's just link rot. Some links may have changed, since many sources are more than three years old. Other sources are of indeterminate age. Since we don't have a full listing of ChatGPT's sources, it's impossible to tell how valid they are or were. 

Also:   How does ChatGPT actually work?  

Since ChatGPT was trained mostly without human supervision , we know that most of its sources weren't vetted and could be wrong, made up, or completely non-existent.

Trust, but verify.

You can follow my day-to-day project updates on social media. Be sure to subscribe to my weekly update newsletter , and follow me on Twitter/X at @DavidGewirtz , on Facebook at Facebook.com/DavidGewirtz , on Instagram at Instagram.com/DavidGewirtz , and on YouTube at YouTube.com/DavidGewirtzTV .

More on AI tools

How to use chatgpt to analyze pdfs (and more) for free, delete yourself from the internet with the best online data removal services, how to use chatgpt: everything to know about using gpt-4o and gpt-4o mini.

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ChatGPT as Research Scientist: Probing GPT's capabilities as a Research Librarian, Research Ethicist, Data Generator, and Data Predictor

Affiliations.

• 1 Cangrade, Inc., Watertown, MA 02472.
• 2 Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.
• 3 Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
• PMID: 39163339
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404328121

How good a research scientist is ChatGPT? We systematically probed the capabilities of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 across four central components of the scientific process: as a Research Librarian, Research Ethicist, Data Generator, and Novel Data Predictor, using psychological science as a testing field. In Study 1 (Research Librarian), unlike human researchers, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 hallucinated, authoritatively generating fictional references 36.0% and 5.4% of the time, respectively, although GPT-4 exhibited an evolving capacity to acknowledge its fictions. In Study 2 (Research Ethicist), GPT-4 (though not GPT-3.5) proved capable of detecting violations like p-hacking in fictional research protocols, correcting 88.6% of blatantly presented issues, and 72.6% of subtly presented issues. In Study 3 (Data Generator), both models consistently replicated patterns of cultural bias previously discovered in large language corpora, indicating that ChatGPT can simulate known results, an antecedent to usefulness for both data generation and skills like hypothesis generation. Contrastingly, in Study 4 (Novel Data Predictor), neither model was successful at predicting new results absent in their training data, and neither appeared to leverage substantially new information when predicting more vs. less novel outcomes. Together, these results suggest that GPT is a flawed but rapidly improving librarian, a decent research ethicist already, capable of data generation in simple domains with known characteristics but poor at predicting novel patterns of empirical data to aid future experimentation.

Keywords: cognitive science; generative AI; large language models; scientific methods.

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Competing interests statement:Cangrade builds AI-driven tools for businesses, but is not affiliated with OpenAI.

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Improve your writing with chatgpt (5 powerful prompts).

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Improve your writing with ChatGPT (5 powerful prompts)

There’s no better way to build an audience than writing online. Creating the habit of showing up and hitting publish will serve you well for everything in your professional future. But there’s a wrong way to produce. Without studying the data and learning how to improve, your words won’t hit the mark. Don’t get stale. Don’t let people switch off. Take your online writing to a whole new level and be forever proud of everything you share.

Hone your craft with an unbiased critique. Study your art and approach perfection. These ChatGPT prompts will make improving easy. Copy, paste and edit the square brackets in ChatGPT, and keep the same chat window open so the context carries through.

Online writing made simple: ChatGPT prompts to reach the next level

Resonate from the start.

Let’s learn from the music industry. To get someone’s interest and keep it, chart-topping singles change something up every six seconds. A different beat, melody or key. A way to keep short attention spans hooked. Your online writing is no different. Set up for success by reworking your opener. Resonate hard, and give someone a compelling reason to keep reading. Tease what they’ll achieve by sticking to the end. Boring openers win zero readers, but you want millions. Here’s the prompt to achieve just that.

“Analyze the opening of my online article. I'll paste the first paragraph below. Rewrite it 3 different ways to make it more compelling and hook the reader instantly. For each rewrite, explain the key changes and how they improve engagement. After presenting the 3 options, give me 5 general tips for crafting attention-grabbing openers that keep readers hooked. Here's my current opening paragraph: [paste your paragraph].”

Netflix’s Best New Mystery Crime Show Has A Perfect 100% Critic Score

Forget the fed—china could be about to drop a $420 billion bitcoin and crypto price bombshell, apple iphone 16 pro: new design echoed in latest leak, include relevant statistics.

88% of statistics are made up on the spot (including that one), but people still love them. Data is memorable. Results speak volumes. When you’re trying to make a point, appeal to the logical members of your target audience by including some numbers. Ask ChatGPT to provide studies, examples and stats that back up your point. (For your best shot at accuracy, ask Perplexity too.)

“Help me strengthen my article with compelling data. I'll provide the main points of my piece below. For each point, suggest 2-3 relevant statistics or research findings that support my argument. Include the source for each stat. After we've covered all the main points, summarize the most impactful statistics and explain how I can seamlessly weave them into my writing for maximum effect. Here are my main points: [list your key points].”

Cut out the fluff

If you can say what you want to say in half the words, that’s what you should do. Clever means concise. Rather than rambling away and being verbose, cut to the absolute essence of what you mean, to sound more definite and amass more fans. Imagine each paragraph was a tweet. Keep cutting and combining until you’re packing more punch with every line.

“Sharpen my writing by eliminating unnecessary words. I'll paste a section of my article below. Your job is to cut it down by 30% without losing the core message. Present the condensed version alongside the original, highlighting the key changes. Then, give me 3 rules for identifying and removing fluff in my future writing. Here's the section to condense: [paste your section].”

Add more personal stories

There are no unique messages, just unique messengers. And you’re the messenger that people want to hear from. Deliver the goods by including stories. Don’t just share a lesson, say how you learned it. Teach based on experience. Explain with anecdotes. Give depth to your online writing when you explain from personal experience. Don’t skip this step.

“Help me incorporate personal anecdotes into my writing. I'll share the main topic and lessons of my article. For each key point, ask me probing questions about related experiences in my life. Help me craft these experiences into concise, relevant stories that illustrate my message. After we've developed 5 anecdotes, advise me on how to smoothly integrate them into my piece for maximum impact. My article's main topic and lessons are: [describe your article].”

Identify your unique style

Anyone can take a writing course or follow a template. But the more you copy other people, the less you sound like you. Don’t leave your writing style to chance. Give ChatGPT some samples and get it to find your quirks. Those common words, signature sentence structures and unmissable ways you get your message across. Be more you with every future piece, and build familiarity with readers who are hungry for more.

“Analyze my writing style to uncover my unique voice. I'll provide 3 samples of my online writing below. Your task is to identify recurring patterns, signature phrases, and distinctive elements that define my style. After analyzing each sample, summarize my key stylistic traits and suggest how I can amplify these in future pieces to make my writing more recognizably 'me'. Here are my writing samples: [paste your samples].”

Improve your online writing in minutes: 5 powerful ChatGPT prompts

Easily improve everything you write with these 5 prompts for ChatGPT. Resonate from the start to get people on board, and include relevant statistics that are remembered for months. Cut out the fluff to make your message clearer, add more personal stories to avoid being generic, and apply your signature style for every new piece. Become a better online writer and watch your business transform. Put your ego aside and join the greats.

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ChatGPT: Everything you need to know about the AI-powered chatbot

ChatGPT, OpenAI’s text-generating AI chatbot, has taken the world by storm since its launch in November 2022. What started as a tool to hyper-charge productivity through writing essays and code with short text prompts has evolved into a behemoth used by more than 92% of Fortune 500 companies .

That growth has propelled OpenAI itself into becoming one of the most-hyped companies in recent memory. And its latest partnership with Apple for its upcoming generative AI offering, Apple Intelligence, has given the company another significant bump in the AI race.

2024 also saw the release of GPT-4o, OpenAI’s new flagship omni model for ChatGPT. GPT-4o is now the default free model, complete with voice and vision capabilities. But after demoing GPT-4o, OpenAI paused one of its voices , Sky, after allegations that it was mimicking Scarlett Johansson’s voice in “Her.”

OpenAI is facing internal drama, including the sizable exit of co-founder and longtime chief scientist Ilya Sutskever as the company dissolved its Superalignment team. OpenAI is also facing a lawsuit from Alden Global Capital-owned newspapers , including the New York Daily News and the Chicago Tribune, for alleged copyright infringement, following a similar suit filed by The New York Times last year.

Here’s a timeline of ChatGPT product updates and releases, starting with the latest, which we’ve been updating throughout the year. And if you have any other questions, check out our ChatGPT FAQ here.

Timeline of the most recent ChatGPT updates

August 2024, february 2024, january 2024.

• ChatGPT FAQs

OpenAI inks content deal with Condé Nast

As part of the new deal, OpenAI will surface stories from Condé Nast properties like The New Yorker, Vogue, Vanity Fair, Bon Appétit and Wired in ChatGPT and SearchGPT. Condé Nast CEO Roger Lynch implied that the “multi-year” deal will involve payment from OpenAI in some form and a Condé Nast spokesperson told TechCrunch that OpenAI will have permission to train on Condé Nast content.

We’re partnering with Condé Nast to deepen the integration of quality journalism into ChatGPT and our SearchGPT prototype. https://t.co/tiXqSOTNAl — OpenAI (@OpenAI) August 20, 2024

Our first impressions of ChatGPT’s Advanced Voice Mode

TechCrunch’s Maxwell Zeff has been playing around with OpenAI’s Advanced Voice Mode, in what he describes as “the most convincing taste I’ve had of an AI-powered future yet.” Compared to Siri or Alexa, Advanced Voice Mode stands out with faster response times, unique answers and the ability to answer complex questions. But the feature falls short as an effective replacement for virtual assistants.

OpenAI shuts down election influence operation that used ChatGPT

OpenAI has banned a cluster of ChatGPT accounts linked to an Iranian influence operation that was generating content about the U.S. presidential election. OpenAI identified five website fronts presenting as both progressive and conservative news outlets that used ChatGPT to draft several long-form articles, though it doesn’t seem that it reached much of an audience.

OpenAI finds that GPT-4o does some weird stuff sometimes

OpenAI has found that GPT-4o, which powers the recently launched alpha of Advanced Voice Mode in ChatGPT, can behave in strange ways. In a new “red teaming” report, OpenAI reveals some of GPT-4o’s weirder quirks, like mimicking the voice of the person speaking to it or randomly shouting in the middle of a conversation.

ChatGPT’s mobile app reports its biggest month yet

After a big jump following the release of OpenAI’s new GPT-4o “omni” model, the mobile version of ChatGPT has now seen its biggest month of revenue yet. The app pulled in $28 million in net revenue from the App Store and Google Play in July, according to data provided by app intelligence firm Appfigures.

OpenAI could potentially catch students who cheat with ChatGPT

OpenAI has built a watermarking tool that could potentially catch students who cheat by using ChatGPT — but The Wall Street Journal reports that the company is debating whether to actually release it. An OpenAI spokesperson confirmed to TechCrunch that the company is researching tools that can detect writing from ChatGPT, but said it’s taking a “deliberate approach” to releasing it.

ChatGPT’s advanced Voice Mode starts rolling out to some users

OpenAI is giving users their first access to GPT-4o’s updated realistic audio responses. The alpha version is now available to a small group of ChatGPT Plus users, and the company says the feature will gradually roll out to all Plus users in the fall of 2024. The release follows controversy surrounding the voice’s similarity to Scarlett Johansson, leading OpenAI to delay its release.

We’re starting to roll out advanced Voice Mode to a small group of ChatGPT Plus users. Advanced Voice Mode offers more natural, real-time conversations, allows you to interrupt anytime, and senses and responds to your emotions. pic.twitter.com/64O94EhhXK — OpenAI (@OpenAI) July 30, 2024

OpenAI announces new search prototype, SearchGPT

OpenAI is testing SearchGPT, a new AI search experience to compete with Google. SearchGPT aims to elevate search queries with “timely answers” from across the internet, as well as the ability to ask follow-up questions. The temporary prototype is currently only available to a small group of users and its publisher partners, like The Atlantic, for testing and feedback.

We’re testing SearchGPT, a temporary prototype of new AI search features that give you fast and timely answers with clear and relevant sources. We’re launching with a small group of users for feedback and plan to integrate the experience into ChatGPT. https://t.co/dRRnxXVlGh pic.twitter.com/iQpADXmllH — OpenAI (@OpenAI) July 25, 2024

OpenAI could lose $5 billion this year, report claims

A new report from The Information , based on undisclosed financial information, claims OpenAI could lose up to $5 billion due to how costly the business is to operate. The report also says the company could spend as much as $7 billion in 2024 to train and operate ChatGPT.

OpenAI unveils GPT-4o mini

OpenAI released its latest small AI model, GPT-4o mini . The company says GPT-4o mini, which is cheaper and faster than OpenAI’s current AI models, outperforms industry leading small AI models on reasoning tasks involving text and vision. GPT-4o mini will replace GPT-3.5 Turbo as the smallest model OpenAI offers. 

OpenAI partners with Los Alamos National Laboratory for bioscience research

OpenAI announced a partnership with the Los Alamos National Laboratory to study how AI can be employed by scientists in order to advance research in healthcare and bioscience. This follows other health-related research collaborations at OpenAI, including Moderna and Color Health.

OpenAI and Los Alamos National Laboratory announce partnership to study AI for bioscience research https://t.co/WV4XMZsHBA — OpenAI (@OpenAI) July 10, 2024

OpenAI makes CriticGPT to find mistakes in GPT-4

OpenAI announced it has trained a model off of GPT-4, dubbed CriticGPT , which aims to find errors in ChatGPT’s code output so they can make improvements and better help so-called human “AI trainers” rate the quality and accuracy of ChatGPT responses.

We’ve trained a model, CriticGPT, to catch bugs in GPT-4’s code. We’re starting to integrate such models into our RLHF alignment pipeline to help humans supervise AI on difficult tasks: https://t.co/5oQYfrpVBu — OpenAI (@OpenAI) June 27, 2024

OpenAI inks content deal with TIME

OpenAI and TIME announced a multi-year strategic partnership that brings the magazine’s content, both modern and archival, to ChatGPT. As part of the deal, TIME will also gain access to OpenAI’s technology in order to develop new audience-based products.

We’re partnering with TIME and its 101 years of archival content to enhance responses and provide links to stories on https://t.co/LgvmZUae9M : https://t.co/xHAYkYLxA9 — OpenAI (@OpenAI) June 27, 2024

OpenAI delays ChatGPT’s new Voice Mode

OpenAI planned to start rolling out its advanced Voice Mode feature to a small group of ChatGPT Plus users in late June, but it says lingering issues forced it to postpone the launch to July. OpenAI says Advanced Voice Mode might not launch for all ChatGPT Plus customers until the fall, depending on whether it meets certain internal safety and reliability checks.

ChatGPT releases app for Mac

ChatGPT for macOS is now available for all users . With the app, users can quickly call up ChatGPT by using the keyboard combination of Option + Space. The app allows users to upload files and other photos, as well as speak to ChatGPT from their desktop and search through their past conversations.

The ChatGPT desktop app for macOS is now available for all users. Get faster access to ChatGPT to chat about email, screenshots, and anything on your screen with the Option + Space shortcut: https://t.co/2rEx3PmMqg pic.twitter.com/x9sT8AnjDm — OpenAI (@OpenAI) June 25, 2024

Apple brings ChatGPT to its apps, including Siri

Apple announced at WWDC 2024 that it is bringing ChatGPT to Siri and other first-party apps and capabilities across its operating systems. The ChatGPT integrations, powered by GPT-4o, will arrive on iOS 18, iPadOS 18 and macOS Sequoia later this year, and will be free without the need to create a ChatGPT or OpenAI account. Features exclusive to paying ChatGPT users will also be available through Apple devices .

Apple is bringing ChatGPT to Siri and other first-party apps and capabilities across its operating systems #WWDC24 Read more: https://t.co/0NJipSNJoS pic.twitter.com/EjQdPBuyy4 — TechCrunch (@TechCrunch) June 10, 2024

House Oversight subcommittee invites Scarlett Johansson to testify about ‘Sky’ controversy

Scarlett Johansson has been invited to testify about the controversy surrounding OpenAI’s Sky voice at a hearing for the House Oversight Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Information Technology, and Government Innovation. In a letter, Rep. Nancy Mace said Johansson’s testimony could “provide a platform” for concerns around deepfakes.

ChatGPT experiences two outages in a single day

ChatGPT was down twice in one day: one multi-hour outage in the early hours of the morning Tuesday and another outage later in the day that is still ongoing. Anthropic’s Claude and Perplexity also experienced some issues.

You're not alone, ChatGPT is down once again. pic.twitter.com/Ydk2vNOOK6 — TechCrunch (@TechCrunch) June 4, 2024

The Atlantic and Vox Media ink content deals with OpenAI

The Atlantic and Vox Media have announced licensing and product partnerships with OpenAI . Both agreements allow OpenAI to use the publishers’ current content to generate responses in ChatGPT, which will feature citations to relevant articles. Vox Media says it will use OpenAI’s technology to build “audience-facing and internal applications,” while The Atlantic will build a new experimental product called Atlantic Labs .

I am delighted that @theatlantic now has a strategic content & product partnership with @openai . Our stories will be discoverable in their new products and we'll be working with them to figure out new ways that AI can help serious, independent media : https://t.co/nfSVXW9KpB — nxthompson (@nxthompson) May 29, 2024

OpenAI signs 100K PwC workers to ChatGPT’s enterprise tier

OpenAI announced a new deal with management consulting giant PwC . The company will become OpenAI’s biggest customer to date, covering 100,000 users, and will become OpenAI’s first partner for selling its enterprise offerings to other businesses.

OpenAI says it is training its GPT-4 successor

OpenAI announced in a blog post that it has recently begun training its next flagship model to succeed GPT-4. The news came in an announcement of its new safety and security committee, which is responsible for informing safety and security decisions across OpenAI’s products.

Former OpenAI director claims the board found out about ChatGPT on Twitter

On the The TED AI Show podcast, former OpenAI board member Helen Toner revealed that the board did not know about ChatGPT until its launch in November 2022. Toner also said that Sam Altman gave the board inaccurate information about the safety processes the company had in place and that he didn’t disclose his involvement in the OpenAI Startup Fund.

Sharing this, recorded a few weeks ago. Most of the episode is about AI policy more broadly, but this was my first longform interview since the OpenAI investigation closed, so we also talked a bit about November. Thanks to @bilawalsidhu for a fun conversation! https://t.co/h0PtK06T0K — Helen Toner (@hlntnr) May 28, 2024

ChatGPT’s mobile app revenue saw biggest spike yet following GPT-4o launch

The launch of GPT-4o has driven the company’s biggest-ever spike in revenue on mobile , despite the model being freely available on the web. Mobile users are being pushed to upgrade to its $19.99 monthly subscription, ChatGPT Plus, if they want to experiment with OpenAI’s most recent launch.

OpenAI to remove ChatGPT’s Scarlett Johansson-like voice

After demoing its new GPT-4o model last week, OpenAI announced it is pausing one of its voices , Sky, after users found that it sounded similar to Scarlett Johansson in “Her.”

OpenAI explained in a blog post that Sky’s voice is “not an imitation” of the actress and that AI voices should not intentionally mimic the voice of a celebrity. The blog post went on to explain how the company chose its voices: Breeze, Cove, Ember, Juniper and Sky.

We’ve heard questions about how we chose the voices in ChatGPT, especially Sky. We are working to pause the use of Sky while we address them. Read more about how we chose these voices: https://t.co/R8wwZjU36L — OpenAI (@OpenAI) May 20, 2024

ChatGPT lets you add files from Google Drive and Microsoft OneDrive

OpenAI announced new updates for easier data analysis within ChatGPT . Users can now upload files directly from Google Drive and Microsoft OneDrive, interact with tables and charts, and export customized charts for presentations. The company says these improvements will be added to GPT-4o in the coming weeks.

We're rolling out interactive tables and charts along with the ability to add files directly from Google Drive and Microsoft OneDrive into ChatGPT. Available to ChatGPT Plus, Team, and Enterprise users over the coming weeks. https://t.co/Fu2bgMChXt pic.twitter.com/M9AHLx5BKr — OpenAI (@OpenAI) May 16, 2024

OpenAI inks deal to train AI on Reddit data

OpenAI announced a partnership with Reddit that will give the company access to “real-time, structured and unique content” from the social network. Content from Reddit will be incorporated into ChatGPT, and the companies will work together to bring new AI-powered features to Reddit users and moderators.

We’re partnering with Reddit to bring its content to ChatGPT and new products: https://t.co/xHgBZ8ptOE — OpenAI (@OpenAI) May 16, 2024

OpenAI debuts GPT-4o “omni” model now powering ChatGPT

OpenAI’s spring update event saw the reveal of its new omni model, GPT-4o, which has a black hole-like interface , as well as voice and vision capabilities that feel eerily like something out of “Her.” GPT-4o is set to roll out “iteratively” across its developer and consumer-facing products over the next few weeks.

OpenAI demos real-time language translation with its latest GPT-4o model. pic.twitter.com/pXtHQ9mKGc — TechCrunch (@TechCrunch) May 13, 2024

OpenAI to build a tool that lets content creators opt out of AI training

The company announced it’s building a tool, Media Manager, that will allow creators to better control how their content is being used to train generative AI models — and give them an option to opt out. The goal is to have the new tool in place and ready to use by 2025.

OpenAI explores allowing AI porn

In a new peek behind the curtain of its AI’s secret instructions , OpenAI also released a new NSFW policy . Though it’s intended to start a conversation about how it might allow explicit images and text in its AI products, it raises questions about whether OpenAI — or any generative AI vendor — can be trusted to handle sensitive content ethically.

OpenAI and Stack Overflow announce partnership

In a new partnership, OpenAI will get access to developer platform Stack Overflow’s API and will get feedback from developers to improve the performance of their AI models. In return, OpenAI will include attributions to Stack Overflow in ChatGPT. However, the deal was not favorable to some Stack Overflow users — leading to some sabotaging their answer in protest .

U.S. newspapers file copyright lawsuit against OpenAI and Microsoft

Alden Global Capital-owned newspapers, including the New York Daily News, the Chicago Tribune, and the Denver Post, are suing OpenAI and Microsoft for copyright infringement. The lawsuit alleges that the companies stole millions of copyrighted articles “without permission and without payment” to bolster ChatGPT and Copilot.

OpenAI inks content licensing deal with Financial Times

OpenAI has partnered with another news publisher in Europe, London’s Financial Times , that the company will be paying for content access. “Through the partnership, ChatGPT users will be able to see select attributed summaries, quotes and rich links to FT journalism in response to relevant queries,” the FT wrote in a press release.

OpenAI opens Tokyo hub, adds GPT-4 model optimized for Japanese

OpenAI is opening a new office in Tokyo and has plans for a GPT-4 model optimized specifically for the Japanese language. The move underscores how OpenAI will likely need to localize its technology to different languages as it expands.

Sam Altman pitches ChatGPT Enterprise to Fortune 500 companies

According to Reuters, OpenAI’s Sam Altman hosted hundreds of executives from Fortune 500 companies across several cities in April, pitching versions of its AI services intended for corporate use.

OpenAI releases “more direct, less verbose” version of GPT-4 Turbo

Premium ChatGPT users — customers paying for ChatGPT Plus, Team or Enterprise — can now use an updated and enhanced version of GPT-4 Turbo . The new model brings with it improvements in writing, math, logical reasoning and coding, OpenAI claims, as well as a more up-to-date knowledge base.

Our new GPT-4 Turbo is now available to paid ChatGPT users. We’ve improved capabilities in writing, math, logical reasoning, and coding. Source: https://t.co/fjoXDCOnPr pic.twitter.com/I4fg4aDq1T — OpenAI (@OpenAI) April 12, 2024

ChatGPT no longer requires an account — but there’s a catch

You can now use ChatGPT without signing up for an account , but it won’t be quite the same experience. You won’t be able to save or share chats, use custom instructions, or other features associated with a persistent account. This version of ChatGPT will have “slightly more restrictive content policies,” according to OpenAI. When TechCrunch asked for more details, however, the response was unclear:

“The signed out experience will benefit from the existing safety mitigations that are already built into the model, such as refusing to generate harmful content. In addition to these existing mitigations, we are also implementing additional safeguards specifically designed to address other forms of content that may be inappropriate for a signed out experience,” a spokesperson said.

OpenAI’s chatbot store is filling up with spam

TechCrunch found that the OpenAI’s GPT Store is flooded with bizarre, potentially copyright-infringing GPTs . A cursory search pulls up GPTs that claim to generate art in the style of Disney and Marvel properties, but serve as little more than funnels to third-party paid services and advertise themselves as being able to bypass AI content detection tools.

The New York Times responds to OpenAI’s claims that it “hacked” ChatGPT for its copyright lawsuit

In a court filing opposing OpenAI’s motion to dismiss The New York Times’ lawsuit alleging copyright infringement, the newspaper asserted that “OpenAI’s attention-grabbing claim that The Times ‘hacked’ its products is as irrelevant as it is false.” The New York Times also claimed that some users of ChatGPT used the tool to bypass its paywalls.

OpenAI VP doesn’t say whether artists should be paid for training data

At a SXSW 2024 panel, Peter Deng, OpenAI’s VP of consumer product dodged a question on whether artists whose work was used to train generative AI models should be compensated . While OpenAI lets artists “opt out” of and remove their work from the datasets that the company uses to train its image-generating models, some artists have described the tool as onerous.

A new report estimates that ChatGPT uses more than half a million kilowatt-hours of electricity per day

ChatGPT’s environmental impact appears to be massive. According to a report from The New Yorker , ChatGPT uses an estimated 17,000 times the amount of electricity than the average U.S. household to respond to roughly 200 million requests each day.

ChatGPT can now read its answers aloud

OpenAI released a new Read Aloud feature for the web version of ChatGPT as well as the iOS and Android apps. The feature allows ChatGPT to read its responses to queries in one of five voice options and can speak 37 languages, according to the company. Read aloud is available on both GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 models.

ChatGPT can now read responses to you. On iOS or Android, tap and hold the message and then tap “Read Aloud”. We’ve also started rolling on web – click the "Read Aloud" button below the message. pic.twitter.com/KevIkgAFbG — OpenAI (@OpenAI) March 4, 2024

OpenAI partners with Dublin City Council to use GPT-4 for tourism

As part of a new partnership with OpenAI, the Dublin City Council will use GPT-4 to craft personalized itineraries for travelers, including recommendations of unique and cultural destinations, in an effort to support tourism across Europe.

A law firm used ChatGPT to justify a six-figure bill for legal services

New York-based law firm Cuddy Law was criticized by a judge for using ChatGPT to calculate their hourly billing rate . The firm submitted a $113,500 bill to the court, which was then halved by District Judge Paul Engelmayer, who called the figure “well above” reasonable demands.

ChatGPT experienced a bizarre bug for several hours

ChatGPT users found that ChatGPT was giving nonsensical answers for several hours , prompting OpenAI to investigate the issue. Incidents varied from repetitive phrases to confusing and incorrect answers to queries. The issue was resolved by OpenAI the following morning.

Match Group announced deal with OpenAI with a press release co-written by ChatGPT

The dating app giant home to Tinder, Match and OkCupid announced an enterprise agreement with OpenAI in an enthusiastic press release written with the help of ChatGPT . The AI tech will be used to help employees with work-related tasks and come as part of Match’s $20 million-plus bet on AI in 2024.

ChatGPT will now remember — and forget — things you tell it to

As part of a test, OpenAI began rolling out new “memory” controls for a small portion of ChatGPT free and paid users, with a broader rollout to follow. The controls let you tell ChatGPT explicitly to remember something, see what it remembers or turn off its memory altogether. Note that deleting a chat from chat history won’t erase ChatGPT’s or a custom GPT’s memories — you must delete the memory itself.

We’re testing ChatGPT's ability to remember things you discuss to make future chats more helpful. This feature is being rolled out to a small portion of Free and Plus users, and it's easy to turn on or off. https://t.co/1Tv355oa7V pic.twitter.com/BsFinBSTbs — OpenAI (@OpenAI) February 13, 2024

OpenAI begins rolling out “Temporary Chat” feature

Initially limited to a small subset of free and subscription users, Temporary Chat lets you have a dialogue with a blank slate. With Temporary Chat, ChatGPT won’t be aware of previous conversations or access memories but will follow custom instructions if they’re enabled.

But, OpenAI says it may keep a copy of Temporary Chat conversations for up to 30 days for “safety reasons.”

Use temporary chat for conversations in which you don’t want to use memory or appear in history. pic.twitter.com/H1U82zoXyC — OpenAI (@OpenAI) February 13, 2024

ChatGPT users can now invoke GPTs directly in chats

Paid users of ChatGPT can now bring GPTs into a conversation by typing “@” and selecting a GPT from the list. The chosen GPT will have an understanding of the full conversation, and different GPTs can be “tagged in” for different use cases and needs.

You can now bring GPTs into any conversation in ChatGPT – simply type @ and select the GPT. This allows you to add relevant GPTs with the full context of the conversation. pic.twitter.com/Pjn5uIy9NF — OpenAI (@OpenAI) January 30, 2024

ChatGPT is reportedly leaking usernames and passwords from users’ private conversations

Screenshots provided to Ars Technica found that ChatGPT is potentially leaking unpublished research papers, login credentials and private information from its users. An OpenAI representative told Ars Technica that the company was investigating the report.

ChatGPT is violating Europe’s privacy laws, Italian DPA tells OpenAI

OpenAI has been told it’s suspected of violating European Union privacy , following a multi-month investigation of ChatGPT by Italy’s data protection authority. Details of the draft findings haven’t been disclosed, but in a response, OpenAI said: “We want our AI to learn about the world, not about private individuals.”

OpenAI partners with Common Sense Media to collaborate on AI guidelines

In an effort to win the trust of parents and policymakers, OpenAI announced it’s partnering with Common Sense Media to collaborate on AI guidelines and education materials for parents, educators and young adults. The organization works to identify and minimize tech harms to young people and previously flagged ChatGPT as lacking in transparency and privacy .

OpenAI responds to Congressional Black Caucus about lack of diversity on its board

After a letter from the Congressional Black Caucus questioned the lack of diversity in OpenAI’s board, the company responded . The response, signed by CEO Sam Altman and Chairman of the Board Bret Taylor, said building a complete and diverse board was one of the company’s top priorities and that it was working with an executive search firm to assist it in finding talent. 

OpenAI drops prices and fixes ‘lazy’ GPT-4 that refused to work

In a blog post , OpenAI announced price drops for GPT-3.5’s API, with input prices dropping to 50% and output by 25%, to $0.0005 per thousand tokens in, and $0.0015 per thousand tokens out. GPT-4 Turbo also got a new preview model for API use, which includes an interesting fix that aims to reduce “laziness” that users have experienced.

Expanding the platform for @OpenAIDevs : new generation of embedding models, updated GPT-4 Turbo, and lower pricing on GPT-3.5 Turbo. https://t.co/7wzCLwB1ax — OpenAI (@OpenAI) January 25, 2024

OpenAI bans developer of a bot impersonating a presidential candidate

OpenAI has suspended AI startup Delphi, which developed a bot impersonating Rep. Dean Phillips (D-Minn.) to help bolster his presidential campaign. The ban comes just weeks after OpenAI published a plan to combat election misinformation, which listed “chatbots impersonating candidates” as against its policy.

OpenAI announces partnership with Arizona State University

Beginning in February, Arizona State University will have full access to ChatGPT’s Enterprise tier , which the university plans to use to build a personalized AI tutor, develop AI avatars, bolster their prompt engineering course and more. It marks OpenAI’s first partnership with a higher education institution.

Winner of a literary prize reveals around 5% her novel was written by ChatGPT

After receiving the prestigious Akutagawa Prize for her novel The Tokyo Tower of Sympathy, author Rie Kudan admitted that around 5% of the book quoted ChatGPT-generated sentences “verbatim.” Interestingly enough, the novel revolves around a futuristic world with a pervasive presence of AI.

Sam Altman teases video capabilities for ChatGPT and the release of GPT-5

In a conversation with Bill Gates on the Unconfuse Me podcast, Sam Altman confirmed an upcoming release of GPT-5 that will be “fully multimodal with speech, image, code, and video support.” Altman said users can expect to see GPT-5 drop sometime in 2024.

OpenAI announces team to build ‘crowdsourced’ governance ideas into its models

OpenAI is forming a Collective Alignment team of researchers and engineers to create a system for collecting and “encoding” public input on its models’ behaviors into OpenAI products and services. This comes as a part of OpenAI’s public program to award grants to fund experiments in setting up a “democratic process” for determining the rules AI systems follow.

OpenAI unveils plan to combat election misinformation

In a blog post, OpenAI announced users will not be allowed to build applications for political campaigning and lobbying until the company works out how effective their tools are for “personalized persuasion.”

Users will also be banned from creating chatbots that impersonate candidates or government institutions, and from using OpenAI tools to misrepresent the voting process or otherwise discourage voting.

The company is also testing out a tool that detects DALL-E generated images and will incorporate access to real-time news, with attribution, in ChatGPT.

Snapshot of how we’re preparing for 2024’s worldwide elections: • Working to prevent abuse, including misleading deepfakes • Providing transparency on AI-generated content • Improving access to authoritative voting information https://t.co/qsysYy5l0L — OpenAI (@OpenAI) January 15, 2024

OpenAI changes policy to allow military applications

In an unannounced update to its usage policy , OpenAI removed language previously prohibiting the use of its products for the purposes of “military and warfare.” In an additional statement, OpenAI confirmed that the language was changed in order to accommodate military customers and projects that do not violate their ban on efforts to use their tools to “harm people, develop weapons, for communications surveillance, or to injure others or destroy property.”

ChatGPT subscription aimed at small teams debuts

Aptly called ChatGPT Team , the new plan provides a dedicated workspace for teams of up to 149 people using ChatGPT as well as admin tools for team management. In addition to gaining access to GPT-4, GPT-4 with Vision and DALL-E3, ChatGPT Team lets teams build and share GPTs for their business needs.

OpenAI’s GPT store officially launches

After some back and forth over the last few months, OpenAI’s GPT Store is finally here . The feature lives in a new tab in the ChatGPT web client, and includes a range of GPTs developed both by OpenAI’s partners and the wider dev community.

To access the GPT Store, users must be subscribed to one of OpenAI’s premium ChatGPT plans — ChatGPT Plus, ChatGPT Enterprise or the newly launched ChatGPT Team.

the GPT store is live! https://t.co/AKg1mjlvo2 fun speculation last night about which GPTs will be doing the best by the end of today. — Sam Altman (@sama) January 10, 2024

Developing AI models would be “impossible” without copyrighted materials, OpenAI claims

Following a proposed ban on using news publications and books to train AI chatbots in the U.K., OpenAI submitted a plea to the House of Lords communications and digital committee. OpenAI argued that it would be “impossible” to train AI models without using copyrighted materials, and that they believe copyright law “does not forbid training.”

OpenAI claims The New York Times’ copyright lawsuit is without merit

OpenAI published a public response to The New York Times’s lawsuit against them and Microsoft for allegedly violating copyright law, claiming that the case is without merit.

In the response , OpenAI reiterates its view that training AI models using publicly available data from the web is fair use. It also makes the case that regurgitation is less likely to occur with training data from a single source and places the onus on users to “act responsibly.”

We build AI to empower people, including journalists. Our position on the @nytimes lawsuit: • Training is fair use, but we provide an opt-out • "Regurgitation" is a rare bug we're driving to zero • The New York Times is not telling the full story https://t.co/S6fSaDsfKb — OpenAI (@OpenAI) January 8, 2024

OpenAI’s app store for GPTs planned to launch next week

After being delayed in December , OpenAI plans to launch its GPT Store sometime in the coming week, according to an email viewed by TechCrunch. OpenAI says developers building GPTs will have to review the company’s updated usage policies and GPT brand guidelines to ensure their GPTs are compliant before they’re eligible for listing in the GPT Store. OpenAI’s update notably didn’t include any information on the expected monetization opportunities for developers listing their apps on the storefront.

GPT Store launching next week – OpenAI pic.twitter.com/I6mkZKtgZG — Manish Singh (@refsrc) January 4, 2024

OpenAI moves to shrink regulatory risk in EU around data privacy

In an email, OpenAI detailed an incoming update to its terms, including changing the OpenAI entity providing services to EEA and Swiss residents to OpenAI Ireland Limited. The move appears to be intended to shrink its regulatory risk in the European Union, where the company has been under scrutiny over ChatGPT’s impact on people’s privacy.

What is ChatGPT? How does it work?

ChatGPT is a general-purpose chatbot that uses artificial intelligence to generate text after a user enters a prompt, developed by tech startup OpenAI . The chatbot uses GPT-4, a large language model that uses deep learning to produce human-like text.

When did ChatGPT get released?

November 30, 2022 is when ChatGPT was released for public use.

What is the latest version of ChatGPT?

Both the free version of ChatGPT and the paid ChatGPT Plus are regularly updated with new GPT models. The most recent model is GPT-4o .

Can I use ChatGPT for free?

There is a free version of ChatGPT that only requires a sign-in in addition to the paid version, ChatGPT Plus .

Who uses ChatGPT?

Anyone can use ChatGPT! More and more tech companies and search engines are utilizing the chatbot to automate text or quickly answer user questions/concerns.

What companies use ChatGPT?

Multiple enterprises utilize ChatGPT, although others may limit the use of the AI-powered tool .

Most recently, Microsoft announced at it’s 2023 Build conference that it is integrating it ChatGPT-based Bing experience into Windows 11. A Brooklyn-based 3D display startup Looking Glass utilizes ChatGPT to produce holograms you can communicate with by using ChatGPT.  And nonprofit organization Solana officially integrated the chatbot into its network with a ChatGPT plug-in geared toward end users to help onboard into the web3 space.

What does GPT mean in ChatGPT?

GPT stands for Generative Pre-Trained Transformer.

What is the difference between ChatGPT and a chatbot?

A chatbot can be any software/system that holds dialogue with you/a person but doesn’t necessarily have to be AI-powered. For example, there are chatbots that are rules-based in the sense that they’ll give canned responses to questions.

ChatGPT is AI-powered and utilizes LLM technology to generate text after a prompt.

Can ChatGPT write essays?

Can chatgpt commit libel.

Due to the nature of how these models work , they don’t know or care whether something is true, only that it looks true. That’s a problem when you’re using it to do your homework, sure, but when it accuses you of a crime you didn’t commit, that may well at this point be libel.

We will see how handling troubling statements produced by ChatGPT will play out over the next few months as tech and legal experts attempt to tackle the fastest moving target in the industry.

Does ChatGPT have an app?

Yes, there is a free ChatGPT mobile app for iOS and Android users.

What is the ChatGPT character limit?

It’s not documented anywhere that ChatGPT has a character limit. However, users have noted that there are some character limitations after around 500 words.

Does ChatGPT have an API?

Yes, it was released March 1, 2023.

What are some sample everyday uses for ChatGPT?

Everyday examples include programing, scripts, email replies, listicles, blog ideas, summarization, etc.

What are some advanced uses for ChatGPT?

Advanced use examples include debugging code, programming languages, scientific concepts, complex problem solving, etc.

How good is ChatGPT at writing code?

It depends on the nature of the program. While ChatGPT can write workable Python code, it can’t necessarily program an entire app’s worth of code. That’s because ChatGPT lacks context awareness — in other words, the generated code isn’t always appropriate for the specific context in which it’s being used.

Can you save a ChatGPT chat?

Yes. OpenAI allows users to save chats in the ChatGPT interface, stored in the sidebar of the screen. There are no built-in sharing features yet.

Are there alternatives to ChatGPT?

Yes. There are multiple AI-powered chatbot competitors such as Together , Google’s Gemini and Anthropic’s Claude , and developers are creating open source alternatives .

How does ChatGPT handle data privacy?

OpenAI has said that individuals in “certain jurisdictions” (such as the EU) can object to the processing of their personal information by its AI models by filling out  this form . This includes the ability to make requests for deletion of AI-generated references about you. Although OpenAI notes it may not grant every request since it must balance privacy requests against freedom of expression “in accordance with applicable laws”.

The web form for making a deletion of data about you request is entitled “ OpenAI Personal Data Removal Request ”.

In its privacy policy, the ChatGPT maker makes a passing acknowledgement of the objection requirements attached to relying on “legitimate interest” (LI), pointing users towards more information about requesting an opt out — when it writes: “See here  for instructions on how you can opt out of our use of your information to train our models.”

What controversies have surrounded ChatGPT?

Recently, Discord announced that it had integrated OpenAI’s technology into its bot named Clyde where two users tricked Clyde into providing them with instructions for making the illegal drug methamphetamine (meth) and the incendiary mixture napalm.

An Australian mayor has publicly announced he may sue OpenAI for defamation due to ChatGPT’s false claims that he had served time in prison for bribery. This would be the first defamation lawsuit against the text-generating service.

CNET found itself in the midst of controversy after Futurism reported the publication was publishing articles under a mysterious byline completely generated by AI. The private equity company that owns CNET, Red Ventures, was accused of using ChatGPT for SEO farming, even if the information was incorrect.

Several major school systems and colleges, including New York City Public Schools , have banned ChatGPT from their networks and devices. They claim that the AI impedes the learning process by promoting plagiarism and misinformation, a claim that not every educator agrees with .

There have also been cases of ChatGPT accusing individuals of false crimes .

Where can I find examples of ChatGPT prompts?

Several marketplaces host and provide ChatGPT prompts, either for free or for a nominal fee. One is PromptBase . Another is ChatX . More launch every day.

Can ChatGPT be detected?

Poorly. Several tools claim to detect ChatGPT-generated text, but in our tests , they’re inconsistent at best.

Are ChatGPT chats public?

No. But OpenAI recently disclosed a bug, since fixed, that exposed the titles of some users’ conversations to other people on the service.

What lawsuits are there surrounding ChatGPT?

None specifically targeting ChatGPT. But OpenAI is involved in at least one lawsuit that has implications for AI systems trained on publicly available data, which would touch on ChatGPT.

Are there issues regarding plagiarism with ChatGPT?

Yes. Text-generating AI models like ChatGPT have a tendency to regurgitate content from their training data.

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• How to Write a Paper with ChatGPT | Tips & Examples

How to Write a Paper with ChatGPT | Tips & Examples

Published on 17 August 2023 by Koen Driessen .

A good research paper demonstrates your academic writing skills and knowledge of your chosen topic.

Your research paper should be based on in-depth independent research. However, generative AI tools like ChatGPT can be effectively used throughout the research process to:

• Brainstorm research questions
• Develop a methodology
• Create an outline
• Find sources
• Summarise and paraphrase text
• Provide feedback

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Table of contents

Brainstorming research questions, developing a methodology, creating an outline, finding sources, summarising or paraphrasing text, receiving feedback, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions.

You can use ChatGPT to help formulate research questions , brainstorm potential thesis statements , or narrow down a broad subject area to a specific topic that interests you.

However, make sure that the outputs make sense and meet the requirements of your assignment. You can adapt these outputs manually, or use further prompts to ensure they meet your needs. For more information, see our tips for creating effective ChatGPT prompts .

• Generate three possible research questions for a research paper on the following topic: “The role of virtual reality in enhancing training and skill development in various industries.”
• “What are the cognitive and skill development benefits of virtual reality-based training compared to traditional training methods across different industries?”
• “How does the level of immersion in virtual reality training impact knowledge retention and skill transfer in fields such as medicine, aviation, and manufacturing?”
• “What are the key factors that influence the successful integration and adoption of virtual reality technology for training purposes in diverse industries, and what challenges hinder its widespread implementation?”

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Your paper should clearly indicate the data collection and analysis methods you used in your research.

You can use ChatGPT to help decide what kind of research you will conduct (e.g., qualitative or quantitative ), how you will analyse the data, and how you will mitigate potential research bias .

Bear in mind that you should be able to rationalize your chosen methodology . For example, you should ensure that it is either a standard methodology in the field or can be justified.

• Suggest three quantitative research methods appropriate to the following question: “What are the cognitive and skill development benefits of virtual reality-based training compared to traditional training methods in the field of healthcare?”
• Experimental Study: Conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) where healthcare professionals are randomly assigned to either a virtual reality-based training group or a traditional training group. Both groups would receive training in specific healthcare tasks, and their cognitive and skill development outcomes would be measured and compared. Performance metrics, such as accuracy, speed, and efficiency, could be quantitatively assessed to determine the benefits of virtual reality-based training over traditional methods.
• Survey Research: Design a comprehensive survey targeting healthcare professionals who have undergone both virtual reality-based training and traditional training. The survey could include Likert-scale questions and structured response options to gauge their perceived cognitive and skill development benefits from each training method. Additionally, open-ended questions could be included to gather qualitative insights on specific strengths and weaknesses of each training approach.
• Task Performance Analysis: Implement a task-based assessment that simulates real-life healthcare scenarios, where participants are evaluated on their ability to handle critical situations. Participants would go through both virtual reality-based training and traditional training before being assessed in the simulated scenarios. Their performance in the assessment could be objectively measured using predefined criteria, allowing for a quantitative comparison of skill development between the two training methods.

A clear outline can help structure your paper, organise your arguments effectively, and make your research more efficient.

You can use generative AI tools like ChatGPT to formulate a potential outline to help guide your research. You can be as specific as you like, giving an overview of your research objectives , main arguments, and any evidence you intend to include in your paper.

However, ChatGPT outputs sometimes contain factual inaccuracies. It’s important to check the headings and subheadings suggested in the output and adapt them to meet your needs.

• Create an outline for an academic research paper with the following research question:“What are the cognitive and skill development benefits of virtual reality-based training compared to traditional training methods in the field of healthcare?” The paper will be about 10 pages long.

B. Existing studies on cognitive and skill development benefits of virtual reality training

C. Comparison of virtual reality-based training with traditional training methods

D. Gaps in the literature and research limitations

III. Theoretical Framework

A. Theoretical basis for cognitive and skill development in training

B. Application of cognitive theories to virtual reality-based training

C. The role of immersive learning environments in skill acquisition

D. Conceptual framework for the study

IV. Research Methodology

A. Research design and approach (e.g., quasi-experimental, pre-post intervention)

B. Selection of participants and sample size calculation

C. Description of the virtual reality-based training and traditional training programs

D. Instruments and measures for assessing cognitive and skill development

E. Data collection procedures and ethical considerations

V. Data Analysis

A. Overview of statistical methods used for data analysis

B. Treatment of data and data cleaning

C. Quantitative analysis of cognitive and skill development outcomes

D. Presentation of findings with charts and tables

VI. Results

A. Presentation of the results of the cognitive and skill development assessments

B. Comparison of outcomes between virtual reality-based training and traditional training

C. Statistical significance and effect size analysis

D. Interpretation of the results and implications

VII. Discussion

A. Interpretation of findings in the context of the research question

B. Comparison of results with existing literature

C. Explanation of how virtual reality-based training impacts cognitive processes and skill development

D. Limitations of the study and areas for future research

VIII. Practical Implications

A. Practical applications of virtual reality-based training in healthcare settings

B. Recommendations for integrating virtual reality training in healthcare education

C. Benefits of virtual reality for continuous professional development in healthcare

IX. Conclusion

A. Summary of key findings

B. Reiteration of the research question and hypothesis

C. Contributions of the study to the field of healthcare training

D. Concluding remarks

X. References

You can use ChatGPT to help find sources relevant to your research. However, it’s important to be aware of the limitations of ChatGPT (for example, it occasionally cites nonexistent sources).

Instead of asking ChatGPT for specific source recommendations, try asking it for recommendations on the types of sources relevant to your research topic. You can also use it to generate a list of relevant keywords to use in your literature search.

• What types of sources could I use to write a research paper on the following research question? “What are the cognitive and skill development benefits of virtual reality-based training compared to traditional training methods in the field of healthcare?”
• Academic Journals: Peer-reviewed journals are valuable sources of scholarly research. Look for articles in medical education, cognitive psychology, virtual reality applications in healthcare, and technology-enhanced learning.
• Research Studies: Seek out published research studies that specifically investigate the impact of virtual reality-based training on cognitive and skill development in healthcare professionals.
• Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: These studies provide comprehensive overviews of existing research on a specific topic, making them a valuable source for summarizing and analyzing the overall evidence.
• Books and Book Chapters: Academic books and book chapters authored by experts in the fields of medical education, virtual reality, cognitive science, or instructional design can provide in-depth insights and theoretical foundations.
• Conference Proceedings: Proceedings from relevant conferences and symposiums may present the latest findings and advancements in virtual reality-based training and healthcare education.
• Educational Institution Websites: Universities and medical schools often publish research papers, case studies, and whitepapers related to medical education and virtual reality training.
• Industry Reports: Reports and whitepapers from healthcare organizations or technology companies exploring the benefits of virtual reality-based training in the healthcare sector.
• Government and Non-profit Organisations: Look for reports and publications from government agencies and non-profit organisations that focus on medical education and healthcare training.
• Online Databases: Utilize academic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect to search for peer-reviewed research articles and conference papers.
• Expert Interviews: If possible, conduct interviews with experts in medical education, cognitive science, and virtual reality to gain valuable insights and perspectives.
• Surveys and Polls: Refer to reputable surveys and polls related to virtual reality-based training in the healthcare industry for additional statistical data.

You can use ChatGPT to paraphrase or summarise text. This can help you to condense sources to their most important points and explore new ways of expressing your ideas.

Alternatively you can use the more specialised tools featured on Scribbr’s AI writing resources page, which are designed specifically for these purposes and will give a smoother user experience.

• Provide a short summary of the following text:“One of the most profound applications of VR in healthcare is its use in surgical training. Traditionally, surgical training has relied on a combination of didactic lectures, observation of procedures, and hands-on experience in the operating room. However, these methods may not provide the ideal environment for novices to develop the necessary dexterity and spatial understanding essential for complex surgeries. VR overcomes these limitations by offering immersive, true-to-life simulations that allow surgeons to navigate through intricate anatomical structures, practice incisions, and learn to manage unexpected challenges that may arise during surgeries. This hands-on experience in a risk-free environment not only enhances technical skills but also builds confidence and reduces the learning curve for new surgical techniques.”
• Virtual Reality (VR) has a profound impact on healthcare, particularly in surgical training, as it provides immersive simulations that help surgeons develop dexterity, spatial understanding, and confidence for complex surgeries in a risk-free environment, ultimately enhancing their technical skills and reducing the learning curve.

When you’ve finished writing your research paper, you can use ChatGPT to receive feedback. You can be as specific as you like, selecting particular aspects the output should focus on (e.g., tone, clarity of structure, appropriateness of evidence to support your arguments).

You can also use ChatGPT to check grammar, spelling, and punctuation. However, it’s not designed for this purpose and occasionally misses errors. We recommend using a more specialised tool like Scribbr’s free grammar checker . Or, for more comprehensive feedback, Scribbr’s proofreading and editing service .

• Feedback the above text with regard to appropriateness of evidence and coherence of structure.
• The research paper demonstrates a well-structured and coherent presentation of the cognitive and skill development benefits of VR-based surgical training. The introduction effectively sets the context and rationale, while the literature review incorporates relevant historical and empirical evidence. The theoretical framework strengthens the foundation for the analysis.The methodology section could provide more details on the research design and study selection criteria. However, the sections on cognitive and skill development benefits present compelling evidence, supported by appropriate sub-sections.The exploration of improved patient outcomes lacks concrete examples but effectively outlines potential benefits. The section on challenges and future directions raises relevant points, but suggestions for solutions could enhance practicality.Overall, the paper combines theoretical, empirical, and practical evidence, offering a well-rounded approach. It establishes the significance of VR-based surgical training and concludes with a concise summary of key findings.

If you want more tips on using AI tools , understanding plagiarism , and citing sources , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations, examples, and formats.

• Citing ChatGPT
• Best grammar checker
• Best paraphrasing tool
• ChatGPT in your studies
• Is ChatGPT trustworthy?
• Types of plagiarism
• Self-plagiarism
• Avoiding plagiarism
• Academic integrity
• Best plagiarism checker

Citing sources

• Citation styles
• In-text citation
• Citation examples
• Annotated bibliography

Yes, you can use ChatGPT to summarise text . This can help you understand complex information more easily, summarise the central argument of your own paper, or clarify your research question.

You can also use Scribbr’s free text summariser , which is designed specifically for this purpose.

Yes, you can use ChatGPT to paraphrase text to help you express your ideas more clearly, explore different ways of phrasing your arguments, and avoid repetition.

However, it’s not specifically designed for this purpose. We recommend using a specialised tool like Scribbr’s free paraphrasing tool , which will provide a smoother user experience.

No, having ChatGPT write your college essay can negatively impact your application in numerous ways. ChatGPT outputs are unoriginal and lack personal insight.

Furthermore, Passing off AI-generated text as your own work is considered academically dishonest . AI detectors may be used to detect this offense, and it’s highly unlikely that any university will accept you if you are caught submitting an AI-generated admission essay.

However, you can use ChatGPT to help write your college essay during the preparation and revision stages (e.g., for brainstorming ideas and generating feedback).

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the ‘Cite this Scribbr article’ button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator.

Driessen, K. (2023, August 17). How to Write a Paper with ChatGPT | Tips & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 21 August 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/using-ai-tools/chatgpt-paper/

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• TECH BUYING GUIDES

3 ways to use ChatGPT to up your sales game, according to a consulting CEO

Jaures yip   .

• Skaled Consulting CEO Jake Dunlap recommends ChatGPT in sales for its custom GPTs feature.
• Dunlap said ChatGPT can help with deal preparation, understanding trends, and speeding up research.

It looks like some salespeople are already sold on using ChatGPT at work.

That includes Jake Dunlap, CEO of Skaled Consulting, a management and sales consulting firm with clients including LinkedIn , Microsoft , and Adobe.

In a new video breaking down helpful tips for using ChatGPT in sales, Dunlap said that while these pointers can be used with any AI chatbot, he prefers OpenAI's ChatGPT for its custom GPTs feature, which allows for tailored versions for specific prompts or use cases.

From sales managers to account executives (AEs), here are Dunlap's favorite ways to use ChatGPT to boost your sales game and be a more productive sales manager.

Speeding up research

When it comes to research, in particular, Dunlap said, "Do not go to Google first; go to ChatGPT and tell it exactly what you want to do."

Dunlap advised sales development representatives (SDRs) to speed up their research process about a company or industry and become experts. You can even customize ChatGPT's teaching methods, for example, specifically requesting a trivia game about a company.

"I'm trying to book a meeting, teach me about this company," he said. "Literally within five minutes, it can summarize research that would have taken me two hours."

Understanding trends

Dunlap said that ChatGPT can be used to create more personalized outreach strategies for prospective clients.

In a strategy he dubbed "The Triad Methodology," Dunlap said to focus on industry trends, trends within the role at the company you're prospecting, and how to support these two.

For example, if you're trying to sell to human resources at a publishing company, Dunlap suggested asking ChatGPT about current trends in the publishing industry and trends within HR.

"And then, what are trends in publishing for talent acquisition leaders specifically," he said. "Then how do we address the trends happening in publishing and, specifically, to HR leaders with what we do."

The Skaled CEO said that since most high-level decision-makers prefer "direct communication," personalizing messages to specify trends within a company's industry or area is more enticing to potential clients.

Dunlap said there is "absolutely no reason an email should ever be sent" without saying, "Here are the top three trends that we're seeing, and I think we can help — let's set up time to meet."

Prep for discovery calls and later-stage deals

For calling early prospects, Dunlap uses a custom GPT that already has his company's data and general information. He then feeds it a link to the prospective company to get up to speed on its business.

Dunlap also loves using the voice tool on the ChatGPT mobile app prior to going into a meeting.

Along with a company's initial contact, he also recommends using a custom GPT for later-stage deal preparation. The chatbot can generate information like value propositions or who your competition is prior to talking with your client.

"What are the top two ways I should position against the competition," Dunlap said. "What are two or three things I should avoid that they're maybe stronger at."

Rather than having to only go to other leaders to discuss these scenarios, he said using "role play" GPTs can also help you prepare.

Dunlap said he used to do these preparations in the middle of the night, but said now he just goes right to ChatGPT.

"So that is my hack for closing more deals," he said.

Personalized training

For sales managers who lack the bandwidth to build personalized training plans for team members, Dunlap said that ChatGPT can be used to develop customized curricula.

"They each have their own areas we're growing on," he said. "These are the areas they're good at. These are the areas they're trying to double down on."

"I can say, hey, I'm working with one of my direct reports on this," Dunlap said. "Help me to build an eight-week training program with 45-minute meetings. Give me a detailed agenda for each meeting that I can work with them on 'ABC.'"

Along with training employees, Dunlap likes creating quizzes and detailed curricula for his personal learning.

"You don't need your salesman to do this if you have a skill you're working on," he said. "You can go do it yourself; go build your own plan."

Speeding up onboarding for sales reps

"If you aren't implementing generative AI, you are extending your sales rep ramp period by probably double," he said.

Dunlap said GPTs can help people learn who they sell to, their products, and their value propositions without needing "30 conversations" by stimulating conversations themselves.

"I can teach you the basics, and then by conversation 10, you're already at proficiency," he said.

He again recommends asking "role play" GPTs to learn about the company's industry and buyer personas.

"I'm going to come in and ask you a question about this persona, and I want you to give me a new 10-question trivia on it," he said.

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• How to Write an Introduction Using ChatGPT | Tips & Examples

How to Write an Introduction Using ChatGPT | Tips & Examples

Published on July 17, 2023 by Koen Driessen . Revised on September 11, 2023.

A good introduction is essential to any essay or dissertation. It sets up your argument and clearly indicates the scope and content of your writing.

Your introduction should be an authentic representation of your own ideas and research. However, AI tools like ChatGPT can be effectively used during the writing process to:

• Develop an introduction outline
• Summarize text
• Paraphrase text
• Provide feedback

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Table of contents

Developing an introduction outline, summarizing your arguments, paraphrasing text, generating feedback, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions.

While the introduction naturally comes at the beginning of your paper, it’s often one of the last parts you write. Writing your introduction last allows you to clearly indicate the most important aspects of your research to your reader in a logical order.

You can use ChatGPT to brainstorm potential outlines for your introduction. To do this, include a brief overview of all relevant aspects of your paper, including your research question , methodology , central arguments, and essay type (e.g., argumentative , expository ). For a longer essay or dissertation , you might also mention section or chapter titles.

Rearrange or edit the output so that it accurately reflects the body of your essay .

Example: Using ChatGPT to develop an outline

• Develop an outline for an essay introduction. The essay is a 2,000 word argumentative essay on the impact of children’s cartoons on consumer behavior. The research uses both qualitative and quantitative data.
• Start with a thought-provoking statement, anecdote, or statistic related to the influence of children’s cartoons on consumer behavior.
• Introduce the topic of children’s cartoons and their popularity among young audiences.
• Highlight the prevalence of media consumption among children and the significant role that cartoons play in their lives.
• Discuss the growing influence of marketing and advertising targeted at children.
• Clearly state your main argument about the impact of children’s cartoons on consumer behavior.
• Example: “This essay argues that children’s cartoons have a substantial influence on consumer behavior, shaping children’s preferences, purchase decisions, and brand loyalty. This assertion is supported by a combination of qualitative and quantitative data.”
• Briefly describe the research conducted and the use of both qualitative and quantitative data.
• Explain the purpose of the research in examining the relationship between children’s cartoons and consumer behavior.
• Mention the sample size, research methods employed, and the sources of data (e.g., surveys, interviews, content analysis).
• Discuss the significance of understanding the impact of children’s cartoons on consumer behavior.
• Highlight the potential implications for marketers, parents, and society as a whole.
• Emphasize the need for critical examination of the messages conveyed through children’s cartoons.
• Provide a brief overview of the main points or sections that will be covered in the essay.
• Examination of the persuasive techniques employed in children’s cartoons.
• Analysis of qualitative data to understand the effects of cartoons on children’s preferences and behaviors.
• Presentation of quantitative data on the relationship between exposure to cartoons and consumer behavior.
• Discussion of the ethical considerations surrounding marketing to children.
• Conclusion on the overall impact of children’s cartoons on consumer behavior.
• Summarize how the upcoming sections will provide evidence and analysis to support your argument.
• Example: “Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative data, this essay will delve into the persuasive techniques used in children’s cartoons, examine the effects of cartoons on children’s preferences and behaviors, present quantitative evidence of the relationship between exposure to cartoons and consumer behavior, discuss the ethical concerns, and ultimately draw conclusions about the influence of children’s cartoons on consumer behavior.”

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At the end of your introduction, you may give a brief overview of specific sections of your paper.

You can use ChatGPT to summarize text and condense your writing to its most important ideas. To do this, copy and paste sections of your essay into ChatGPT and prompt it to summarize the text.

However, we don’t recommend passing off AI-generated outputs as your own work. This is considered academically dishonest and may be detected using AI detectors . Instead, use ChatGPT outputs as a source of inspiration to help you clearly indicate your key objectives and findings in your own words.

Alternatively, you can use a specialized tool like Scribbr’s free text summarizer , which offers a smoother user experience.

Example: Using ChatGPT to summarize text

• Provide a one-line summary of the following paragraph: “Exposure to cartoons exerts a discernible impact on a child’s preferences, primarily through the establishment of robust associations between animated characters, branded products, and positive emotional experiences. Through repeated exposure, children develop an attachment to specific brands that influences their future buying choices. Furthermore, recent studies have established a correlation between the amount of time spent watching cartoons and children’s consumer behavior, including their demands for advertised products and their influence on family purchasing decisions.”
• Repeated exposure to cartoons influences children’s preferences, brand attachments, consumer behavior, and purchasing decisions.

When writing your introduction, you may have difficulty finding fresh ways to describe the content of your essay. You can use ChatGPT as a paraphrasing tool to rephrase text in clear language. This can help you to communicate your ideas more effectively, avoid repetition, and maintain a consistent tone.

You can also use Scribbr’s free paraphrasing tool , which is designed specifically for this purpose.

Example: Using ChatGPT to paraphrase text

• Paraphrase the following sentence: “This raises ethical concerns regarding the potential exploitation of young minds for commercial gain, highlighting the need for responsible content creation and parental guidance to mitigate the impact of children’s cartoons on consumer behavior.”
• The potential exploitation of young minds for commercial gain gives rise to ethical concerns, emphasizing the importance of responsible content creation and parental guidance to reduce the influence of children’s cartoons on consumer behavior.

Once you’ve finished writing your introduction, you can use ChatGPT to generate feedback. Paste your introduction into the tool and prompt it to provide feedback on specific aspects of your writing, such as tone, clarity, or structure.

You can also use ChatGPT to check grammar and punctuation mistakes. However, it’s not specifically designed for this purpose and may fail to detect some errors. We recommend using a more specialized tool like Scribbr’s free grammar checker . Or, for more comprehensive feedback, try Scribbr’s proofreading and editing service .

Example: Using ChatGPT to get feedback

• Provide feedback on the above text with regard to tone of voice and clarity of structure.

Furthermore, the last paragraph could be revised to provide a more concise summary of the main points that will be addressed in the essay. This would help to give the reader a clearer roadmap of what to expect in the subsequent sections.

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If you want to know more about ChatGPT, AI tools , fallacies , and research bias , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• ChatGPT vs human editor
• ChatGPT citations
• Is ChatGPT trustworthy?
• Using ChatGPT for your studies
• Sunk cost fallacy
• Straw man fallacy
• Slippery slope fallacy
• Red herring fallacy
• Ecological fallacy
• Logical fallacy

Research bias

• Implicit bias
• Framing bias
• Cognitive bias
• Optimism bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Unconscious bias

No, it’s not a good idea to do so in general—first, because it’s normally considered plagiarism or academic dishonesty to represent someone else’s work as your own (even if that “someone” is an AI language model). Even if you cite ChatGPT , you’ll still be penalized unless this is specifically allowed by your university . Institutions may use AI detectors to enforce these rules.

Second, ChatGPT can recombine existing texts, but it cannot really generate new knowledge. And it lacks specialist knowledge of academic topics. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain original research results, and the text produced may contain factual errors.

However, you can usually still use ChatGPT for assignments in other ways, as a source of inspiration and feedback.

Yes, you can use ChatGPT to summarize text . This can help you understand complex information more easily, summarize the central argument of your own paper, or clarify your research question.

You can also use Scribbr’s free text summarizer , which is designed specifically for this purpose.

Yes, you can use ChatGPT to paraphrase text to help you express your ideas more clearly, explore different ways of phrasing your arguments, and avoid repetition.

However, it’s not specifically designed for this purpose. We recommend using a specialized tool like Scribbr’s free paraphrasing tool , which will provide a smoother user experience.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Driessen, K. (2023, September 11). How to Write an Introduction Using ChatGPT | Tips & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved August 21, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/ai-tools/chatgpt-essay-introduction/

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