stock exchange presentation

What Is A Stock Exchange?

Updated: Mar 24, 2023, 10:15am

A stock exchange is a marketplace where stocks, bonds and other securities are bought and sold. But stock exchanges are more than just markets: They provide companies with a valuable way to raise capital, encourage investors and companies to be open and transparent, and help the public as a whole understand the value of their investments.

How a Stock Exchange Works

When you think about a stock exchange, chances are you imagine the busy trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), with hundreds of brokers milling around, shouting buy and sell orders at each other. That gives you a more or less accurate picture of how a stock exchange works: It’s a place where buyers and sellers gather to trade stocks .

In the past, stock exchanges were physical spaces—like the NYSE trading floor—but today the overwhelming majority of stock exchanges handle all trading electronically. Not just anyone can show up at a stock exchange and buy shares, however. Trading is handled by brokers and dealers that meet strict stock exchange membership requirements.

Likewise, not just any company can trade on a stock exchange. To be “listed,” or be traded on an exchange, a company must satisfy certain minimum standards, like being registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), having a minimum number of shareholders and shares outstanding, plus a range of other qualifications. On the Nasdaq , for example, companies will soon be required to have at least one woman and one person who is not White or heterosexual on their board of directors.

Beyond serving as a forum for buying and selling securities, a stock exchange provides a range of important services. It provides liquidity , ensuring that there’s always plenty of capital looking to buy and sell stocks, which in turn enables the broader stock market to function efficiently. A stock exchange also produces real-time pricing information so that investors can make informed decisions about the value of their holdings.

Stock Exchanges and IPOs

Stock exchanges also allow private companies to raise large amounts of money by selling equity shares through a process known as an initial public offering (IPO) . When that happens, the company becomes publicly owned and its shares of stock are listed for trade on an exchange.

There can be a lot of excitement when a new company goes public, but invest with caution. Companies that are newly public often struggle to maintain their success or grow, and some even go out of business. This makes recent IPOs very risky investments.

Key Players at a Stock Exchange

Stock exchanges can be complex and require a number of different roles to facilitate the sales of securities. Here’s an overview of the biggest players:

• Brokers: An individual or a firm that represents the interests of outside investors at a stock exchange. Because only members of a stock exchange are allowed to buy and sell assets on it, brokers act as agents who find buyers and sellers to fill orders for outsiders, like you. Brokers generally charge commissions or fees for their services, and some are employed by a stock exchange to help keep things moving.
• Dealers: A firm or an individual that buys and sells securities for themselves. A dealer always aims to profit from the difference between the prices it can buy and sell securities at. In other words, it aims to buy a stock at a certain price not because it anticipates holding it for the long term but because it thinks it will be able to turn around and sell it for more than it paid. In this way, even though a broker does not represent exchange outsiders, it may end up helping indirectly facilitating trades with them in its pursuit of profit.
• Broker-dealers: The roles of broker and dealer are frequently combined in one firm called a broker-dealer. They buy and sell stocks on behalf of outside investors, and they may also trade for their own benefit.
• Market makers: This role is filled by dealers who buy and sell stocks for their own benefit specifically to increase the liquidity of a stock exchange as a whole. This added liquidity helps facilitate more efficient trading and ensure orderly markets. The NYSE has a class of market makers called specialists that only trade in one or a few individual stocks.

Different Types of Stock Exchanges

There are a variety of different ways to organize the trading that happens on a stock exchange, including:

Auction Markets

Much as its name implies, in an auction market , the price of securities is determined by the highest price buyers are willing to pay for them—that’s called a bid—and the lowest price the seller is willing to accept—that’s the offer. In an auction market, broker-dealers make bids and offers and then execute trades for their clients (or selves, if they’re acting as a dealer).

Dealer Markets

In a dealer market , dealers post the prices at which they are willing to buy or sell specific stocks. Dealers then facilitate all transactions by using their own money to buy and sell the securities, which provides liquidity to the stock market.

In other words, in a dealer market, a dealer might buy a stock from you at a certain price, even without having a particular buyer in mind to sell your stock to. Because you don’t have to wait for a buyer to get your money, you’re then free to buy other securities from the dealer or use that cash in any other way.

Electronic Exchanges

Instead of requiring brokers to sell on a trading floor, electronic exchanges use technology to connect buyers and sellers in a virtual marketplace. Today, nearly all stock exchanges support electronic trading, and very few still have in-person trading floors.

The automated electronic communication networks (ECNs) most electronic exchanges use enable the buy and sell orders for stocks and other securities to be made without market makers. In the United States, ECNs need to be registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) as broker-dealers.

OTC Exchanges

Over-the-counter exchanges enable securities to be bought or sold outside of major stock exchanges, generally through broker-dealer networks. Typically, stocks that are traded OTC are smaller companies that don’t meet the listing requirements of the major stock exchanges, like penny stocks . Bonds may also be traded OTC.

Top Stock Exchanges

Though there are more than 60 major stock exchanges in the world, the majority of action takes place on just a handful, including:

• New York Stock Exchange: The NYSE is the world’s largest stock exchange. Some of the largest companies trade on the NYSE, including household names like Amazon ( AMZN ) or Apple ( AAPL ). The NYSE is an auction-based market, and while the majority of trading takes place electronically, it still maintains a physical trading floor—although in-person trading has been suspended for the Covid-19 pandemic.
• Nasdaq: The Nasdaq is the second-largest stock exchange in the world and employs a dealer market system. The Nasdaq pioneered electronic trading when it opened for business in the 1970s, and today it remains the listing of choice for major technology companies that often choose it for because of its lower barrier to public listing.
• London Stock Exchange: The London Stock Exchange (LSE) is the largest stock exchange in Europe. Thousands of companies from all over the world trade on the LSE, and it maintains a physical trading floor in London.
• Shanghai Stock Exchange: The Shanghai Stock Exchange is the largest exchange in China. The exchange trades two types of company stocks: A-shares and B-shares. B-shares are available for foreign investment and are quoted in U.S. dollars while A-shares are quoted in yuan. Foreign investors can only invest in A-shares if they meet certain qualifications.

How to Buy Stocks on a Stock Exchange

Opening an online brokerage account lets you get started buying and selling securities listed on leading stock exchanges. If you want more personalized advice and guidance, you can select a financial advisor as your stock broker, or you can opt for a full-service brokerage firm.

Whichever model you choose, your broker will transmit buy and sell orders to the broker-dealers who trade on a stock exchange. They always attempt to find a buyer or seller who can meet the price you’ve specified in your order, although it may take more or less time to fill your order depending on the relative levels of market liquidity.

Not sure what stocks or exchanges to choose? Consider investing your money with a robo-advisor . Robo-advisors use your financial goals and risk tolerance to come up with an investment strategy for you and automate the process.

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Stock Market Presentation Templates

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Discover the Best Stock Market PowerPoint Templates and Google Slides Themes for Financial Experts!

The stock market stands out as a whirlwind of opportunity, challenges, and intricate details. At its core, it's a bustling marketplace where companies trade their shares. From the busy streets of Wall Street to the electric buzz of the Bombay Stock Exchange, traders, brokers, and investors constantly juggle numbers, forecasts, and strategies. To a novice, it might seem like a different world altogether. However, to those in the know, it's a dance of numbers, a song of predictions, and a play of strategies. But when you are trying to present stock market-related information, the success of your presentation often hinges on the clarity and appeal of your slides. This is where our slides are ready to help you out.

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Gone are the days of drab and dreary presentations. Slide Egg offers a range of stock market templates available for free download, designed to capture your audience's attention and ensure your message is clear, crisp, and compelling. Our slides breathe life into the complex world of stock trading, with stock market theme backgrounds that transport your viewers straight into the heart of the bustling trade floor.  We offer various themes like stock exchange intricacies, share market dynamics, stock market basics, detailed survey findings, Indian stock market nuances, predictive analysis, and much more. Our expansive collection ensures you have the right slide for the right moment.

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• Forex Charts: Forex can be complex, but our charts simplify the narrative, providing a clear snapshot of currency movements and trends. It ensures that you’re always presenting the most up-to-date information.
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In a nutshell, the clarity and appeal of your slides can mean the difference between a successful pitch and a missed opportunity. So, don't leave your presentation to chance. Choose Slide Egg's stock market slides for assured success. In the stock market, it's often said, "The trend is your friend." With Slide Egg, let trendsetting, engaging, and visually captivating slides be your allies in your next big presentation!

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What is stock market.

The stock market is a public market where stocks and other securities are bought and sold. It is a collection of exchanges, such as the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq, where stocks and other securities are traded.

What are Stock Market Presentation Templates?

Stock Market Presentation Templates are pre-designed slides and presentation templates used in Microsoft PowerPoint to help presenters create presentations about the stock market. These template designs include stock charts, stock market trends, stock trading strategies, stock exchange information, and other related topics.

Where can we use these Stock Market Slides?

Anyone can use these Stock Market Slides in presentations to illustrate the performance of stocks or compare the performance of different stores or markets. You could also use them in classrooms to educate students on the basics of the stock market.

How can I make Stock Market PPT Slides in a presentation?

Begin by researching the stock market and gathering relevant information for your presentation. Including graphs, charts and tables can help explain the data in your report and make it easier for the audience to understand. Suppose you want to create slides by yourself. Visit Tips and tricks for detailed instructions.

Who can use Stock Market PPT Templates?

Anyone who needs to create a presentation about stock market topics or related topics can benefit from using stock market PPT templates. These slides are used by investors, financial advisors, educators, and business professionals.

Why do we need Stock Market Presentation Slides?

Stock market presentation slides help to create a visual representation of market performance, offering a clearer picture of the market for investors and traders. They can help illustrate important stock market concepts and events and provide an opportunity to show current market trends.

Where can I find free Stock Market PPT Templates?

Many websites offer free Stock Market PPT templates. Slide egg is one of the best PowerPoint providers. Our websites have uniquely designed templates that allow you to explain the company’s financial performance.

Stock Exchanges: Where Shares Are Bought & Sold

• Exchanges act like farmers' markets, connecting buyers and sellers, boosting liquidity for investors.
• Exchanges enforce listing standards, offering transparent data, fostering investor trust.
• Exchanges worldwide provide access, enabling dual listings for broader trading options.
• Motley Fool Issues Rare “All In” Buy Alert

Stock exchanges are places where people buy and sell shares of stock. Companies agree to have their shares listed for trade on the stock exchanges they choose, and members of each exchange are allowed to trade the stocks listed there.

What are they?

What are stock exchanges.

A stock exchange functions in some ways like a farmers’ market. There, farmers pay the market to have space to sell their goods. Buyers come to the market because they know they'll be able to buy from many farmers selling a lot of different farm goods. Both farmers and buyers benefit from the market. The farmers’ market itself doesn't actually participate in the buying and selling of farm goods; its role is simply to provide the space so that farmers and buyers have a place to meet and trade. Similarly, stock exchanges bring together the companies and current shareholders who want to sell stock, and the investors who want to buy stock from them.

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Why are they useful?

Why are stock exchanges useful.

Stock exchanges help individual investors put money to work in the stock market . Typically, brokerage companies that investors use to buy and sell stocks either are members of major stock exchanges or have agreements with exchange members, giving them the ability to buy and sell shares. Without stock exchanges, interested investors would have to either go directly to the companies whose stock they wanted to buy or find other individuals who owned shares and were willing to sell them. Instead stock exchanges bring together buyers and sellers -- usually without the two parties ever even knowing each other’s identity. Stock exchanges therefore make trading easier, providing what's known as liquidity: a greater ability to buy or sell stock.

Stock exchanges also help companies raise money so that they can grow their businesses. When a company first decides to list its shares on a stock exchange and sell stock to the public in an initial public offering , it typically uses the capital it receives from interested investors to expand its operations, do research and development, raise customer awareness through marketing, or pay for other things critical to long-term growth.

Investors can use stock exchanges to help distinguish healthy, reputable companies from more questionable ones. Stock exchanges have requirements for companies to meet in order to qualify to list their shares. The most prominent stock exchanges set strict listing requirements that are tough for most companies to hit, including minimum figures for outstanding shares, market capitalization, and company income. Investors know that a stock listed on an exchange has met those requirements, and if a stock isn't on the exchange, that’s an indication that an investor ought to find out why.

Companies that list their stocks on stock exchanges also must give investors a lot of information about their businesses. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission requires listed companies to make these disclosures, including quarterly and annual financial reports. These reports, along with other important news items disclosed as they occur, help investors know more about the companies in which they want to invest.

How do they work?

How do stock exchanges work.

There are two modes of operation that most stock exchanges generally use. Some exchanges have traders physically located on an exchange floor, whose job it is to work directly with each other to buy and sell listed stocks. Historically, this was the primary way most exchanges worked.

More recently, electronic trading has become the most common method for exchange operation. Rather than physical trading floors with traders talking to each other directly, computerized platforms can connect buyers with sellers. Today, many exchanges that used to rely solely on a physical trading floor have incorporated electronic trading capabilities into their operations, using both methods together.

Biggest U.S. stock exchanges

What are the biggest u.s. stock exchanges.

• The New York Stock Exchange . The NYSE is the largest stock exchange in the U.S. and is owned by Intercontinental Exchange ( ICE 0.31% ), the NYSE is located at 11 Wall Street in downtown Manhattan in New York City. The NYSE includes roughly 3,000 listed stocks, and their combined market cap exceeds that of any other stock exchange in the world.
• Nasdaq Stock Market . The Nasdaq exchange is the second-largest U.S. stock exchange. Owned by holding company Nasdaq ( NDAQ 0.06% ), the Nasdaq exchange has about 3,300 listed stocks. Despite having more issues trading on it, however, the Nasdaq's total market capitalization is less than that of the New York Stock Exchange.

Companies choose the stock exchange on which they'd like to list their shares based on several factors. Each exchange has its own listing requirements, so a company might qualify for one exchange but not another. In addition, some exchanges have reputations for listing certain types of stocks. For instance, technology companies have historically preferred to list on the Nasdaq, because the Nasdaq was the first stock exchange to embrace advanced technology like electronic trading.

In addition to these two major markets, some smaller stock exchanges serve the U.S. stock market. However, these have largely gotten consolidated into the operations of the NYSE and the Nasdaq. For instance, the company that owns the NYSE bought the Chicago Stock Exchange in 2018. Similarly, exchanges in Boston and Philadelphia that had a long history of operating independently are now controlled by Nasdaq.

International stock exchanges

Important international stock exchanges.

In addition to the NYSE and Nasdaq exchanges in the U.S., there's a network of stock exchanges across the globe. They include the Tokyo Stock Exchange in Japan, the Shanghai Stock Exchange in China, the U.K.'s London Stock Exchange, and the Euronext exchange, which serves the European Union.

Companies often choose to list primarily in the country in which they're located, so international stock exchanges can give investors access to companies around the world. However, some companies choose to list their shares on more than one exchange. This practice, known as dual listing , allows investors across the globe direct access to the stock of those companies. In some cases, it also makes it possible to buy and sell their shares around the clock.

Put stock exchanges to good use

You might never visit a stock exchange, but if you buy and sell stocks, exchanges play a vital role in letting you invest. Without these exchanges, it'd be far more difficult to find someone willing to take the other side of your stock trade.

Stock Exchange FAQs

What is a stock exchange, what is the new york stock exchange.

The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) has two primary functions:

• It provides a central marketplace for investors to buy and sell stock.
• It enables companies to list their shares and raise capital from interested investors.

What are OTC Markets?

Over-the-counter markets are where stocks that aren't listed on major exchanges such as the NYSE or Nasdaq can be traded. More than 10,000 stocks trade over the counter, and the companies that issue these stocks choose to trade this way for a variety of reasons.

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Stock Exchange

A physical or digital place where people buy and sell both stocks and shares.

Over 6 years of experience across Strategy Consulting and Buy Side Advisory

• What Is A Stock Exchange?
• History Of Stock Exchange
• Types Of Stock Exchange

How Stock Exchanges Work

• Purpose Of Stock Exchanges
• Advantages And Disadvantages Of Stock Exchange

Notable Stock Exchanges

Stock market vs. stock exchange, stock exchange faqs, what is a stock exchange.

The Stock Exchange, also known as securities change or bourse, is a physical or digital place where people buy and sell both stocks and shares during certain hours.

Stockbrokers and traders buy diverse financial instruments in the marketplace, such as:

Commodities

The concept of equity might still be unclear to some, so let’s break into it. In simpler terms, equity consists of the value an owner could potentially receive for selling something they own. 

So how is equity related to trading?

Here’s your simplified answer: equity trading is the buying and selling of equities (shares or stocks) in the financial market. 

That means if you buy stocks, you’re buying equities; it’s as simple as that. Trading is usually conducted from Monday till Friday. However, some exceptions do apply depending on the exchange in question. 

For example, the  Saudi Stock Exchange  operates from Sunday to Thursday, unlike other platforms that follow the same international standards. 

The trading process should be executed very carefully, and being organized is an essential tool to make sure financial information flows smoothly to all parties involved in the trade.

Key Takeaways

• A stock exchange, also known as a securities exchange or bourse, is where individuals buy and sell various financial instruments such as equities, commodities, and bonds during specified trading hours.
• Stock trading has evolved over centuries, with notable events such as the founding of the Dutch East India Company in 1602 and the creation of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in the late 1700s marking significant milestones.
• Exchanges come in various forms, including auction markets (like the NYSE), electronic exchanges (like NASDAQ), electronic communication networks (ECNs), and over-the-counter (OTC) exchanges, each with its own characteristics and benefits.
• Stock exchanges play a crucial role in the economy by facilitating capital raising for businesses, providing liquidity for investors, imposing regulations, creating jobs, and contributing to economic growth.

History of Stock Exchange

It is well known that trading operations have been going on for centuries, but opinions tend to diverge on when the first corporate stock was traded. 

Some people agree with the idea that the key event happened in 1602 when the Dutch East India Company was founded. Meanwhile, others point to earlier events between 1531 and 1548. 

Moreover, it has been stated that the late 1400s marked a historical event concerning the stock market, where Antwerp (Belgium) became the center of international trade , followed by the creation of the first modern stock trading. 

As a matter of fact, the very first modern stock trading was created in Amsterdam in 1611. However, America did not get into the stock market game until the late 1700s, when the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) was created, which nowadays is the biggest globally and proved to be the global leader in terms of market quality.  

The NYSE resulted from the Buttonwood Tree Agreement (the late 1700s) made by a small group of merchants whose common interest was to buy and sell stocks & bonds.

Even though the Buttonwood traders were behind the launch of the largest stock exchange in the US, the Philadelphia Stock Exchange (1790) was, in fact, America’s first official exchange platform, which had a significant and remarkable impact on the city’s place in the global economy . 

Diving into the  history  of this marketplace may still be blurry and overall complicated, but at the end of the day, traders worldwide share the same views and goals when it comes to buying, selling, and investing. 

Types of Stock Exchange

Exchanges come in many forms and do not necessarily follow the same standards, yet they all perform as a part of a bigger global stock market and usually work like auctions.

1. Auction Market

One of the most popular types is the Auction Market, where competitive bids usually coincide when an item comes up for sale. 

The  NYSE  is a primary example of an auction market.

More than 2400 firms with an aggregate market value greater than $19 trillion were listed on the NYSE in 2015. 

2. Electronic Exchange

     a.  A largely automatic, computer-based system.

     b. It can be accessed from any location.

     c. It does not require a physical contribution from participants

     d. Operates on a 24/7 basis

The NASDAQ is a prime example of an Electronic Exchange. 

Cross-border listings, international trading platforms, and the globalization of financial markets have led to increased integration and interdependence among exchanges, contributing to the interconnectedness of the global economy.

What is NASDAQ ?

NASDAQ stands for the  National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations System.  It is the world’s  first electronic exchange, and the second-largest  stock and securities exchange globally. 

This exchange platform provides price quotes  through computers . 

3. Electronic Communication Networks (ECNs)

     a. Required to register with the SEC

     b. Classified as an Alternative Trading System (ATS)

     c. Automated system

     d. Allow investors to trade outside of regular trading hours 

4. Over-the-counter (OTC) Exchange

Sometimes securities traded do not meet the requirement needed to be listed on the NYSE; that’s when OTC comes in handy.

This  decentralized  market consists of trading stocks, commodities, currencies, and other financial instruments  without a broker . The trading is directly executed between involved members  without a third party .

However, even if OTC markets seem beneficial to some, they still expose traders to significant risks. The information concerning the companies involved is not always available, making the whole operation harder to manage or deal with. 

Financial literacy and transparency are key factors to making better decisions regarding trading, hence why a lack of information could be a deal-breaker for some traders.

OTC markets are also known as:

• Off-exchange trading
•  Pink sheets 

A. What are  Pink Sheets ?

• Connects brokers and dealers  electronically 
• No trading floor.
• Inexpensive per share 
• Limited information 

B. Why is it called “ Pink ” Sheets? 

      The original pink sheets that listed the stocks were distributed on a pink piece of paper.

Pink sheets are the most speculative platform in OTC markets. 

The economy, in general, and the stock market, in particular, are affected by the same factor: the  rule of supply and demand :  the higher the demand for a stock, the higher its price goes,  and vice versa.

Nonetheless, other secondary factors play a role in the stock market:

1. Company-related factors 

Let’s say a specific company is doing well in the market, which will draw more investors to buy its shares, which will cause a shortage & a rise in prices.

On the contrary, once the organization starts facing business difficulties with shares becoming too available, no investor will want to buy. Thus, the stock price is automatically going to fall. 

2. Investor sentiment

Sentiment usually drives demand and supply, which influences price movements.

For example, an investor exhibiting confidence in taking risks will invest in a more aggressive way than when they are worried, which leads to an increase in stock price. 

3. Politics

Politics is a crucial factor when it comes to investing. But on the other hand, a weak government will push away investors as it is unstable and does not show any sign of trust. 

On the other hand, once a country’s situation seems to be stable and safe, the stock prices will be healthier and more attractive to investors.

4. Current events

One of the most influential factors for the stock market is the country’s situation. 

Let’s take, for example, what is currently happening in Beirut, Lebanon.

Lebanon is currently facing one of the world’s largest economic crises, and the economy is unstable as the Lebanese lira lost most of its value during the past two years.

These unfortunate events pushed away the majority of investors and made Lebanon lose its credibility in front of potentially interested traders.

5. Exchange rates

The exchange rate is considered a competitive tool in international trade as it measures the value between various currencies, which strongly impacts stock prices in a country. 

The reaction of stock prices to changes in the exchange rate, whether a price increase or depreciation, varies in both directions and levels.

Purpose of Stock Exchanges

Following are the key purposes of stock exchanges:

1. Facilitating Capital Raising : Stock exchanges provide a platform for companies to raise capital by issuing shares to investors. This enables businesses to fund their operations, expansions, and investments.

2. Market Transparency : Exchanges provide transparency by publicly displaying information about stock prices, trading volumes, bid-ask spreads, and other relevant data. This transparency helps investors make informed decisions and fosters trust in the financial markets .

3. Facilitating Investment Diversification : Investors can diversify their portfolios by investing in a wide range of securities listed on stock exchanges. Diversification helps reduce risk by spreading investments across different asset classes, industries, and regions.

4. Facilitating Economic Growth : By providing a platform for companies to raise capital and investors to allocate funds, stock exchanges contribute to economic growth and development. They enable capital formation, job creation, and innovation within the economy.

5. Promoting Corporate Governance : Publicly traded companies are subject to regulatory requirements and disclosure obligations imposed by stock exchanges. These requirements promote transparency, accountability, and good corporate governance practices.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Stock Exchange

Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of participating in the stock market is crucial for investors to make informed decisions and manage their portfolios effectively. Let's delve into the key benefits and drawbacks of stock exchange participation.

Some of the advantages of stock exchange include:

1. Capital Formation: Stock exchanges provide a platform for companies to raise capital by issuing shares to investors, enabling them to fund expansion, research, and innovation.

2. Liquidity: Investors can easily buy and sell securities on the stock exchange, ensuring liquidity and allowing them to convert investments into cash quickly.

3. Investment Opportunities: Stock exchanges offer a wide range of investment opportunities, allowing investors to diversify their portfolios across various sectors, industries, and geographic regions.

4. Regulatory Oversight: Stock exchanges are subject to regulatory oversight, ensuring market integrity, investor protection, and compliance with securities laws.

Modern stock exchanges execute trades at astonishing speeds, with transactions often occurring in microseconds. High-frequency trading (HFT) algorithms enable traders to buy and sell stocks within fractions of a second, capitalizing on small price discrepancies and market inefficiencies.

Some of the drawbacks of stock exchange include:

1. Speculation: Stock exchanges may attract speculative trading behavior, where investors buy and sell securities based on short-term price movements rather than underlying fundamentals, leading to market inefficiencies.

2. Market Manipulation : Despite regulatory oversight, stock exchanges are vulnerable to market manipulation and insider trading , which can undermine market integrity and investor confidence.

3. Loss of Investment: Investing in the stock market carries inherent risks, and investors may incur losses if their investments decline in value due to market downturns, company performance, or unforeseen events.

4. Information Asymmetry: Not all investors have access to the same level of information, leading to information asymmetry and potentially unfair advantages for certain market participants.

Here are notable stock exchanges around the world:

1. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) :

• Founded in 1792, NYSE is one of the largest and oldest stock exchanges globally.
• It lists over 2,400 companies with a combined market capitalization exceeding $19 trillion.
• NYSE operates as an auction market, where trading occurs via a physical trading floor and electronic trading platforms.

2. London Stock Exchange (LSE) :

• Founded in 1801, LSE is one of the oldest and largest stock exchanges in Europe.
• It lists over 2,000 companies from various sectors and countries, with a focus on international listings.
• LSE operates under a combination of electronic trading and traditional open outcry trading.

3. Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) :

• Established in 1878, TSE is the largest stock exchange in Japan and one of the largest in Asia.
• It lists over 3,500 companies, including prominent Japanese corporations and multinational companies.
• TSE operates under electronic trading systems, with trading sessions divided into morning and afternoon sessions.

As of recent data, companies like Nvidia, Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, and Alphabet (Google's parent company) frequently dominate the top spots on global stock market indices, reflecting their immense economic influence.

4. Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) :

• Founded in 1990, SSE is one of the two stock exchanges in mainland China.
• It lists over 1,500 companies, primarily Chinese companies, including state-owned enterprises and private corporations.
• SSE operates under electronic trading systems and has experienced rapid growth in recent years.

5.   Euronext :

• Founded in 2000, Euronext is a pan-European stock exchange operating across multiple countries.
• It operates stock exchanges in Amsterdam, Brussels, Dublin, Lisbon, Milan, Oslo, and Paris.
• Euronext lists over 1,500 companies, offering a diverse range of investment opportunities across Europe.

Some confusion arises regarding the Stock Exchange and stock Market and whether they are the same thing or not. So to clear all perplexity, here is a deeper and more precise explanation.

No matter how organized the stock market appears to be; there are a lot of rules and factors that both investors and traders worldwide have to stick by to operate safely and productively.

A lot of questions arise and the way it works, hence why it is deemed necessary to keep an eye on the stock market and the changes it goes through daily.

To sum it all up, both the stock market and it plays a significant role in trading securities across many countries around the globe. 

They both help companies access capital to run their business and satisfy their customers by providing the best quality of products and services. 

Last but not least, there are many factors to consider before getting into any trading operations.

As an investor, you must stay aware of everything happening in the market daily to achieve the most successful trading operations possible and attain your personal financial goals. 

Stock exchanges serve as vital pillars of the global economy, fostering economic growth , facilitating capital flow, and providing a platform for investment and entrepreneurship.

Over centuries, stock trading has evolved from its origins in the 16th century to encompass diverse forms of exchanges, ranging from traditional auction markets to modern electronic platforms and over-the-counter trading.

Stock exchanges impact both investors and companies, offering opportunities for wealth creation, capital raising, and business expansion while imposing regulatory frameworks to ensure market integrity and investor protection.

Stock exchanges are more than just platforms for buying and selling securities; they are dynamic ecosystems that drive economic activity, foster innovation, and empower individuals to participate in the wealth creation process.

Having a clear goal in mind and setting up a plan before starting your investment will help you be more strategic and organized.

You might not understand everything related to all companies on the stock market, but it is primordial to understand what your chosen company’s business is all about.

Before choosing to work with a specific stock, you should be aware of any financial information related to it, such as:

• Rates of growth and returns
• Overall performance
• dividends paid to stockholders
• How consistent the stock’s growth has been over the years

As you already know, each investor owns a portfolio of stocks they choose to work with, whether short or long-term.

Achieving your financial goals through your portfolio will help you reach your personal goals. Therefore, knowing whether the stock in question is producing passive income through dividends is essential. 

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Role of an Exchange: What Is a Stock Exchange?

Stock exchanges, like Nasdaq, are a key part of the capital markets as companies rely on exchanges for access to capital, while investors benefit from price transparency and the ability to manage their wealth in an open and safe environment.

S imply put, a stock exchange is a regulated venue where buyers and sellers trade stocks, otherwise known as securities.  Exchanges provide liquidity, which is critical in giving investors and market participants the ability to buy and sell securities at fair market value.  

In the U.S., the SEC licenses all national stock exchanges, which then operate as so-called “Self-Regulatory Organizations” or “SROs.” As an SRO, an exchange is charged with regulating its own activities, including both the companies that list on the exchange and the firms that trade on the exchange, subject to the SEC’s close oversight and supervision.

The SEC requires stock exchanges to publish rules that govern their operations, including listing and membership standards, order types and routing, trading conduct, and fees.   The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or “SEC” reviews these rules to ensure that they are, among other things, just and equitable, protect investors, and serve the public interest.

Exchange rules and regulations are the backbone of the market because without them, price manipulation and other types of fraud would go unchecked, leading to inefficient markets and low investor confidence which would have a devastating effect on the overall economy.  Exchange rules serve to provide investors with the ability to execute trades at the best prices while offering them important protections.

At Nasdaq, we take our role as an SRO very seriously. Our legal and regulatory group works with the SEC to write and amend the listing and trading rules. This group also is responsible for the listing and monitoring of the companies and securities listed on Nasdaq.

Listing of Securities:  There are many types of securities listed on an exchange – everything from equity (e.g. common stock) to debt (e.g. corporate bonds) to structured products (e.g. Exchange-Traded Funds or ETFs) to options. Companies list on Nasdaq in order to provide an opportunity for capital raising through public ownership of the company, and their shares of stock become a security. Each type of security is subject to a specific set of listing requirements that need to be met in order to list (and remain listed) on the exchange.

Membership:  When an investor places an order to buy or sell a security, their broker will execute the trade on the exchange by entering a quote into the system. In order to access the exchange systems, brokers need to be members of the exchange. Member firms are subject to rules that govern every aspect of their trading. Among other things, they must be well capitalized (in other words, they must have a deep reserve of money available for deployment) and have written procedures to prevent any activities that might be harmful to investors.

Surveillance:  On average, approximately 1.9 billion shares are traded through Nasdaq markets every day, not including options. All of these trades are monitored to ensure that they are executing at fair prices. In order to do this, the surveillance teams at the exchange employ real-time surveillance technology.

The surveillance technology looks for trades that do not seem in line with previously executed prices. Trades can be cancelled or “broken” if the price is too far away from the existing market price. The surveillance team also monitors news that might lead to a drastic change in the company’s price and has the ability to halt trading in the stock, if the news could result in wide price swings (for example, if a car company announces a recall of their vehicles, or if a company files for bankruptcy).

Enforcement:  Unlike the enforcement of rules for listed companies, when member firms or other market participants break or otherwise fall outside the rules, the exchange has its own enforcement team that is responsible for investigating and determining if fees or other punishments are necessary.

Future of the Exchange:  As markets and technologies move forward, exchange regulation has to evolve to ensure investors are fully protected. In order to do this, exchanges must think of ways to employ the technology of today and look at trends to prepare to employ the technology of tomorrow. At Nasdaq, technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) are already in use.

Nasdaq, Inc. intends for this website to serve basic educational purposes only. Information contained herein should not be construed as investment advice , either on behalf of a particular security or as an overall investment strategy. Neither Nasdaq nor any of its affiliates makes any recommendation to buy or sell any security or any representation about the financial condition of any company. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Nasdaq does not represent or warrant that any Investors should undertake their own due diligence and carefully evaluate companies and applicable laws before investing. ADVICE FROM A SECURITIES PROFESSIONAL IS STRONGLY ADVISED.

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[Updated 2023] Top 30 Stock Market PowerPoint Templates to help Analysts and Managers Analyze Better!

Gunjan Gupta

The business world is full of uncertainties and is very unpredictable. You are least aware when the share prices increase. You are also sometimes unprepared when the stock market suddenly recedes. Either of the changes, whether it is a rise or downfall, brings huge shifts in the economy of the country. Furthermore, investing money in these things becomes riskier and prone to more losses than usual. You have to constantly keep the market in check and determine its actual behavior to invest profitably. The best way to do this is by analyzing the market for a certain period and deciding where to invest or withdraw the sum. You can do so by utilizing our stock market templates. 

We have selected a bunch of them that are sure to excite you. Make yourself at home and surf through our brilliantly designed top quality templates. If you suppose that pre-designed templates will cost you an arm and leg, let these templates prove you wrong. These designs are not only affordable but also fully editable and customizable. We are sure you will find your gem in these templates hidden somewhere. 

So let us get started!

Stock Market PowerPoint Templates

Template 1: stock market risk management strategies .

The stock market is greatly influenced by risk and risk and return are directly related to each other. Therefore, in most cases greater the risk, greater the return. In financial terminology as well, risk management is a very important factor to take into consideration in order to maximize the return incurred. Our Stock Market Template is specifically designed for individuals and businesses dealing in stocks and shares. It enables the user to incorporate important statistics in a well-formatted layout. Additionally, well-designed high-quality graphics enhance the aesthetics of this presentation which is important to catch the immediate attention of the viewer. This presentation will never fail to grab your audience’s attention even if you discuss concepts like Bullish and Bearish Market, Bonds, Index, Futures, etc. 

Download Stock Market Risk Management Strategies PowerPoint Presentation Slides

Template 2: Stock Market PPT Infographics 

This Stock Market Custom PowerPoint presentation has been crafted after thorough research by industry professionals who understand the need of presenting in a professional way. Showing stock results to the investors will no longer be an issue with this great PowerPoint design. All charts and graphs needed to explain the ups and downs in a stock market are included in this template. The user may expand important details on each slide by inserting the desired text and modifying it to fit his needs and requirements. 

Download Stock Market PPT Infographics Infographic Template Stock Market Of Different

Template 3: Bull Market And Bear Market 

This Bull Market and Bear Market template is a perfect fit for any organization looking to describe the rising and receding trends of the stock market. Whether the buyers or sellers are increasing, or decreasing, every concept can be easily comprehended using this slide. The fluctuations happening in the stock market thus affecting its operations and other business can be predicted and accordingly the future needs of the customers can be analyzed by incorporating this resourceful PPT. This template is completely customizable to fit your needs and requirements better. 

Download Bull Market And Bear Market Good PPT Example

Template 4: Stock Market Bull And Bear 

Deliver presentations about the stock market, finance, investment strategies and other relevant topics using our Stock Market PPT. This slide can be used by business entrepreneurs, teachers, stock market experts, traders, and other presenters to educate the audience about the recent trends in the share market. Showcase the actual market behavior to predict the future needs and requirements of the customers. This template can be tailored to your specifications, which makes it a resourceful tool to incorporate in your business endeavors.  

Grab this Stock Market Bull And Bear Icon Having Upward And Downward Arrow

Template 5: Stock Market Risk Management Strategies 

Track the value of your stock portfolio by inputting this Stock Market template is your presentation. You can use this template to show the gain or loss of each stock, thereby showing the actual market behavior. With a set of editable bear and bull market graphics, this template can help you mitigate the risks which go unnoticed due to a variety of factors. Without properly analyzing the market behavior and current market value, it is impossible to decide on a suitable risk management strategy. This template of ours can save teachers, analysts, traders and others from this issue. 

Download Stock Market Risk Management Strategies Having Two Bulls

Template 6: Market Of Different Countries And Silhouette

Predict and showcase the stock portfolio of various nations using this PowerPoint template. This slide is a very useful tool for stock analysts as it aids in identifying the trending patterns of stock exchanges across the globe. Additionally, it can be employed by a single organization to determine the performance of their stocks and bonds across various nations. The uses of this slide are unlimited and so the user can use it in a number of ways as per his requirements. 

Download Stock Market Of Different Countries And Silhouette

Template 7: Stock Exchange Image 

Add dynamic action to your activities and work with our 100% customizable Stock Exchange custom PowerPoint design. Complete all your reports and deliver personal and professional stock exchange presentations with ease using this slide. This slide is a great choice for anybody wanting to display concepts like bear, bull, bourse, trend, sharp, AMEX, American stock exchange, etc. You can either use this slide as it is or in conjunction with a presentation to convey your message across conveniently. The valid content added to this slide, which can be edited makes it all the more user-friendly. 

Download Stock Exchange Image With A Graph

Template 8: Stock Market Soaring Public Domain 

Take your stock exchange business to soaring heights by predicting the future uncertainties governing the market. Showcase the actual market behavior which is bullish in this case using this slide. With customizable content and attributes, the discussion of important topics like stocks, equities, bonds, and others is very easy and convenient. Moreover, the icons are replaceable and fully adaptive providing high flexibility when it comes to delivering a presentation with the help of this slide. You can use it in conjunction with any of your business presentations as it complements every other slide used alongside. 

Download Stock Market Soaring Public Domain Showing Arrow Upward

Template 9: Stock Market 

This template is designed specifically to show the rise in the share prices denoted by “Bull”. Typically when the value of the stocks increases, the bull is used to denote it. As a market analyst and stockbroker, you can use this slide to denote the strong economy of the country due to the increase in the share prices. Showcase the uptrend in the level of employment owing to a substantial increase in the market share prices that will continue over a long term. You can also discuss the four phases of the bull market and the impact they have on the GDP of the country using our slide and useful content included in it. 

Download Stock Market Having Bulls Dollar And Upward Arrow

Template 10: Rising Stock Price PPT 

Market volatility is a very important factor to consider while mitigating risks. Bull and bear market influence volatility and so determine how the market is doing to make the correct investment decisions using our slide. Determine the price volatility and discuss the upward and downward trend in share prices using our slide. Our slide is fully customizable so you can incorporate it in your business presentation to impress your investors and attract them towards your business endeavors. 

Download Risks And Mitigation Strategies Bear And Bull Slide PowerPoint Guide

Template 11: Pitch Deck to Raise Funding from Post Stock Market Launch Equity PPT

Need to make a pitch to potential investors? Use this PPT Template to raise capital from post-stock market equity. This complete deck is the finest reference resource for convincing investors to invest in your company. This slide offers an overview of the firm's core business sectors, as well as an introduction to the company, a brief history, and notable events. This is an excellent resource for analyzing your company's operations, offers, financial performance, funds utilization to map out the company's worldwide footprints. Use the presentation to communicate big partnerships and joint ventures. With the help of this download, develop a long-term sustainable vision with investors.

Download Pitch Deck to Raise Funding from Post Stock Market Launch Equity PPT

Template 12: Stock Indexes Comparison Table 

Track equities and bond fluctuations in various stock exchanges using this PowerPoint template. This slide is apt for every investor and analyst describing the share market value and compare them with different investments. You can discuss the global stock market indexes and gain exposure to the international share market by employing this template. Furthermore, leverage these indexes to determine the actual market behavior of various countries and make the right  trading decisions. Download it now!

Download Stock Indexes Comparison Table Stock Exchange PowerPoint Presentation Shapes

Template 13: Stock Market Showing Global Prices 

Use this template to showcase the global stock exchanges ranging from the biggest NYSE to the smallest Bermuda stock exchange. With stunning and editable layout, this template will help you create great presentations without putting too much of an effort and time. 

Download Stock Market Showing Global Prices Of Equity Markets

Template 14: Stock Market Report Analysis with Multiple Indexes

Download this PPT Template to conduct a thorough stock market report study. This template features several indices, including the Nasdaq, S and P 500, and Dow Jones index. This is an excellent tool for investors and traders to use when making purchase and sale decisions. Use the PowerPoint presentation to examine historical data and current data to obtain a competitive edge and make wise market choices.

Download Stock Market Report Analysis with Multiple Indexes PPT Template

Template 15: Stock Index Futures And Options PPT 

This is a professional template designed for analysts, traders or anybody dealing in stocks and equities. It enables the user to present important information with a highly specialized layout. This template will help you get your message across without any difficulty. Showing stock indexes of various exchanges will no longer be a struggle with this great template. Owing to its minimalist design, the stats presented can be easily comprehended by the onlookers thus making it the most valuable resource to include in your presentations. 

Download Stock Index Futures And Options PPT PowerPoint Presentation File Microsoft

Template 16: Investing Stock Markets 

Check out this Investing Stock Market custom presentation design to deliver presentations related to finance, stock market, trading, and others. There is no better solution to present your business presentations than using such an attractive design and layout. Easy-to-use and adjust, this slide will suit all your business and personal needs without a doubt. All you have to do is click on the download button and save this template for future use. 

Download Investing Stock Markets PPT PowerPoint Presentation Gallery Shapes Cpb

Template 17: Stock Management Process  

If you want to design a presentation on Forex rates, Sensex, stock market, online trading, and financial markets, in general, you can use this creatively designed Stock Management PPT template. This slide provides a creative approach to an otherwise boring presentation with its high-quality visuals and graphics. Stand out of the crowd and take your financial business a notch higher with this custom-made template. 

Download this Stock Management Process Template PowerPoint Guide

Template 18: Stock Market Forecast 

Determine the future value of your stocks and equities with our Stock Market Forecast Template. Yield profitable results by ascertaining the rise of downfall in stocks and bonds. Trade smartly by tackling the uncertainties and keeping an eye on the actual market behavior with this template of ours. You can either use this slide individually or in conjunction with your PPT as it fully supports every format whether it is Google Slides, JPG, PNG, and others.  

Download Stock Market Forecast PowerPoint Slide Information

Template 19: Stock Market Course Showing Zigzag Arrow 

This Stock Market Course Template is a fresh and unique design to help stockbrokers to buy and sell stocks according to the predicted ups and downs in stocks and equities. This design specifically caters to stock market experts to showcase the actual market behavior in the form of a presentation. Predict what the futuristic share market entails by utilizing this fully customizable PPT template. Modify the design and layout as deemed fit for your organization. 

Download this Stock Market Course Showing Zigzag Arrow Upward

Template 20: Stock Market Performance 

Share market is governed by many uncertainties making it compulsory to identify its trends. Being a share broker or analyst, it is important to take the right decision of investing in profitable stocks and equities. This template will provide an overview of the stock market performance of your company or other companies thus helping you make your decision better. Showcase the predictions of future courses in front of your investors to gain their trust using this user-friendly Stock Market Performance Template. 

Download Stock Market Performance Sample PowerPoint Slides

Template 21: Stock Exchange Research 

Use this Stock Exchange custom PowerPoint design to showcase your team members involved in conducting research. Acknowledge their efforts with this fully editable slide. You can either expand the text inserted or alter the one proposed. Either way, this slide is fully adaptable making it a useful resource to be used while analyzing stock market conditions. 

Download Stock Exchange Research PPT PowerPoint Presentation Inspiration Graphic Images Cpb

Template 22: Measuring Stock Volatility Risk Value 

The share market is subject to a great degree of volatility. Measure and discuss this volatility happening in the stock market using this template of ours. Use this editable layout and modify it as per your needs and preferences. 

Download Measuring Stock Volatility Risk Value PPT PowerPoint Presentation Outline Professional

Template 23: Inventory Stock Management PPT

Grab immediate attention of your investors and esteemed members of your organization by downloading this slide. This design is tailorable to your needs and requirements. So it is well suited to any user delivering presentations related to finance, stock market, trading, etc. 

Download PPT’s Inventory Stock Management Layout Presentation Examples

Template 24: Stock Management Techniques 

Input this slide to keep a track of trade fluctuations and create strategies based on the results. Edit this template according to your needs and requirements and leverage it to discuss the strategies with your team members to make the right trading decisions. You can provide an overview of all the trade practices that your team should follow to trade efficiently in this template. Download this stylish template now!

Download Stock Management Techniques PPT PowerPoint Presentation Icon Format Ideas Cpb

Template 25: Stock Market Performance Exchange Rate 

Boost your business presentation with this Stock Market Performance Template. This slide has been designed after careful research and analysis by our experts, so it is a deemed fit for your organization. 

Download Executive Judicial Issue Stock Market Performance Exchange Rate

Template 26: Financial Stock Markets 

Grab immediate attention of your viewers with this easy-to-edit template, covering topics like investment banking, trading markets, financial stock markets, etc. Showcase upward and downward shift in the market behavior with this PPT which comes with sharp design and aesthetics. 

Download Financial Stock Markets Investment Banking Trading Systems Operational Efficiencies Cpb

Template 27: Bull Market Trends PowerPoint Presentation 

No presentation will ever be complete without discussing the Bear and the Bull market: upward and downward price fluctuations. You can use this PPT slide to show the market status with a high-quality visual representation. Furthermore, the icons and the graphics used in this design are reusable and editable thus making this slide fit for every business presentation related to stock market analysis, finance, and others. 

Download Bull Market Trends PowerPoint Presentation

Template 28: Stock Market Investment Strategy

Use this PPT Template to help you make financial decisions. This slide is perfect to highlight your stock investing methods for improving an investor's financial status, investment objectives, and risk tolerance. This template can help you identify the risks associated with various things and choose which one is the best replacement. Employ this sample presentation as a guide to practice goal-based investment.

Download Stock Market Investment Strategy PPT Template

Template 29: Stock Market Forecast Plan 

Stocks and bonds are quite tricky, so ascertaining their actual value is the key to plan well financially. This slide will help you explain your plan after proper forecasting of actual market behavior, whether it is upward sloping or downward sloping. The future customer needs and requirements can be easily predicted using this slide because of its fully editable layout. Create professional presentations that interest the global audience by incorporating this slide. 

Download Stock Market Forecast Plan PPT PowerPoint Presentation Visual Aids Cpb

Template 30: Image Showing Fluctuations 

Present global market scenario of stocks and equities in the form of a graph. Equipped with fully editable charts, graphs, and images, this slide will suit all your presentations whether they are business or personal. You can easily determine the actual value of stocks and present them in front of your investors using this resourceful PPT template. 

Download Image Showing Fluctuations In Stock Exchange Rates

These are our top 30 stock market template designs to help your market analysis. All you have to do is select the one you like and click on the link to download it!

P.S   Check out our guide on stock volatility charts  to learn more about what causes market volatility.

FAQs ON STOCK MARKET

1. what is a stock market.

The stock market is a marketplace where publicly traded corporation shares are purchased and sold. These financial operations are carried out through regulated exchanges and over-the-counter (OTC) markets that follow rules. Stocks are also known as equities and reflect a company's fractional ownership. Several stock market indexes track its overall performance.

The stock market operates via a network of exchanges. Businesses issue their stock on an exchange in a procedure known as an initial public offering or IPO. Investors buy such shares, allowing the company to acquire funds to expand its operations. These equities can then be bought and sold among investors.

2. What are the four types of stocks?

a) Growth stocks are simply shares in firms that produce positive cash flows and whose earnings are likely to expand faster than the market. This does not provide you with regular dividends or cash distributions from the firm's profits, but the cash flow is re-invested back into the company to drive future growth. These stocks are suited for long-term investment and will provide better returns than the overall market.

b) Value stocks are shares of established, well-known corporations that have shown their worth through time. These stocks don't have as much opportunity to grow as once, but they're still a solid investment.

c) Dividend/yield stocks pay monthly dividends based on the firm's profitability. It belongs to companies known for doing well during bull markets while safeguarding investors during down markets.

d) Defensive stocks are sometimes known as non-cyclical stocks. These stocks do not decline dramatically during market downturns, ensuring your investment remains steady. There is no sharp increase in their returns or prices, but it has an inherent consistency.

3. How to invest in the stock market?

a) Choose an investment type from various options such as mutual funds, bonds, etc.

b)  Establish a Demat account to store your stocks electronically.

c) Investigate and analyze the stock options available to reduce losses and increase profit possibilities.

d) Invest in equities that best meet your security and risk tolerance goals.

e)  Regularly monitor your portfolio to understand the success of your assets and pick stocks that are performing well for future investment.

f) Monitor market patterns and fluctuations to better comprehend the market's direction (trend) and judge current and future investments better.

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stock Market Simple PowerPoint Design

Built-in custom color palette Free images and artwork 16:9 aspect ratio Professional business presentation Data charts editable via Excel

stock market Theme PPT Templates

Scalable vectorial PowerPoint shapes and PowerPoint icons Best investors pitch deck Created with high quality slides Professional look presentation Professional business presentation All elements are editable

The stock Market template powerpoint

Easy customization Possible to change shape and color properties Created by professionals Best investors pitch deck Premade color variation

Free Design Template - stock Rising

Modern, simple, and clean design Easy to edit in PowerPoint Landscape orientation style Easy to change colors

Free Design Template - stock Trend

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How Does the Stock Market Work?

The stock market defined, what are public companies, what are stocks: buying and selling shares, what is a stock exchange, over-the-counter market, other assets sold on the stock market, what does the stock market do, why is the stock market so important, the meaning of the stock market for most americans, the bottom line, what is the stock market and how does it work.

• Investing: An Introduction
• Stock Market Definition CURRENT ARTICLE
• Primary and Secondary Markets
• How to Buy/Sell Stocks
• Market Hours
• Stock Exchanges
• How to Start Investing in Stocks: A Beginner’s Guide
• What Owning a Stock Means
• The Basics of Order Types
• Position Sizing
• Executing Trades
• When to Sell a Stock
• Income, Value, Growth Stocks
• Commissions
• Investing and Trading Differences
• Stocks vs. ETFs
• Stocks vs. Mutual Funds
• ETFs vs. Mutual Funds
• What Is a Bond?
• Bond Yield Definition
• Basic Bond Characteristics
• How to Buy a Bond
• Corporate Bonds
• Government Bonds
• Municipal Bonds
• Options vs. Futures
• Essential Options Trading
• Diversification
• Measuring Investment Returns
• Corporate Actions
• Stock Fundamentals
• Essentials of Analyzing Stocks
• Evaluating Company Financials
• Technical Analysis

The stock market is made up of investors buying, selling, and trading shares of companies, reflecting these firms' collective value and performance.

The stock market as a whole is an exchange mechanism that helps investors buy and sell shares in publicly traded companies. Though you can visit the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and offices of the NASDAQ, these are just components in a broader marketplace. Trades are conducted mostly through electronic means between participants who are remote from each other. The mechanism is an excellent means for businesses to raise capital from investors. Additionally, analysts closely examine its traded prices for signals of economic strength or weakness.

Key Takeaways

• The stock market is defined as the collective trading network involving company shares and their derivatives.
• The stock market, is a central part of modern economies since it's where companies raise vast sums of money to accelerate successful startups, expand existing businesses, or consolidate operations and pay off debt.
• Companies listed on stock exchanges must be public, meaning their shares are open not just to a select few but traded on stock exchanges and elsewhere. Public companies are subject to many reporting and transparency regulations.
• Stocks are sold to institutional investors and high-net-worth individuals, but also those with far more modest means looking for income from a share of the profits, to sell the stock later at a higher price, or simply to have a say in how a company is run.
• The Securities and Exchange Commission ( SEC ) and individual state regulators oversee the U.S. stock market.

The price of a stock changes based on the demand for shares from new investors who want to buy, or the supply of shares from existing investors who want to sell. Investors decide to buy or sell based on the company’s performance, economic conditions, the current price of the shares, and other factors. Not every investor makes decisions based on the same criteria, and what might not seem rational to one investor, will seem perfectly acceptable to another. This dynamic keeps shares trading hands and makes future prices difficult to predict.

People purchase stocks for a lot of reasons. Some hold onto shares, looking for income from dividends. Others might think a stock will rise, so they snap it up, trying to buy low and sell high. Still, others might be interested in having a say in how particular companies are run. That’s because you can vote at shareholder meetings based on the number of shares you own.

Both “stock market” and “stock exchange” are often used interchangeably, but they’re not the same. Traders in the stock market buy or sell shares on one or more stock exchanges, which are only part of the overall stock market. The major U.S. stock exchanges include the New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE ) and Nasdaq.

Ellen Lindner / Investopedia

The stock market is a vast, complex network of trading activities where shares of companies are bought and sold, protected by laws against fraud and other unfair trading practices. It plays a crucial role in modern economies by enabling money to move between investors and companies.

Sometimes the best way to see how something works is to look at its parts. In that light, let's review the major elements of the stock market, from the companies selling shares to stocks to exchanges to the indexes that give us a snapshot of the stock market's health:

Not all companies can offer stock to the public. Only public companies that have offered their shares for the first time in an initial public offering ( IPO ) can have their stock bought and sold on exchanges like the NYSE or Nasdaq. From the time a company starts planning its IPO through all the time its shares are sold to the public, it must meet stringent regulations and financial disclosure laws.

The primary market could involve raising money and giving parts of a business to friends, family, and others in direct trades, making it the oldest way of dividing shares in a company. Since the primary market is where a company sells its securities directly, today it includes IPOs, follow-on public offerings, private placements, debt offerings, and other times when a company sells part of itself to raise funds.

From then on, stocks are traded in the secondary market on exchanges or "over the counter." More than 58,000 companies worldwide are publicly traded today.

When you buy a stock or a share, you're getting a piece of that company. How much of the company you own depends on the number of shares the company has issued and the number of shares you own. If it's a small, private company, a single share could represent a large part of the company. Major public companies often have millions, even billions, of shares. For example, Apple Inc. ( AAPL ) has billions of shares in circulation, so a single share is just a tiny fraction of the company.

Owning shares gives you the right to part of the company's profits, often paid as dividends, and sometimes the right to vote on company matters.

Once a company goes public, its stocks can be traded freely on the stock market. This means that investors can buy and sell shares among themselves. This is the secondary market for stocks, and most trading is done through stock exchanges. This part of the larger stock market dates to at least 1602 in Amsterdam, evolving since into some of the world's most complex institutions.

Stock exchanges are organized and regulated "places" (much trading today is virtual) where stocks and other types of securities are bought and sold. They play a crucial role in the financial system by providing a platform for companies to raise money by selling their stocks and bonds to the public.

The NYSE and Nasdaq are prime examples, serving as central locations for the buying and selling of stocks. There are major exchanges worldwide, such as the London Stock Exchange, the Tokyo Stock Exchange, and the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Each has its own internal rules, and investors follow different national and local laws. These are meant to ensure fair trading practices and to keep investors confident in dealing there. They also provide transparency in the trading process, giving real-time information on securities prices, which is why it's so easy to find up-to-date stock prices on just about any financial news site.

Stock exchanges wouldn't live up to their name, though, if they didn't offer liquidity, the ability to buy or sell stocks relatively easily. This means that during trading hours, you can buy a stock quickly or just as rapidly sell it to raise cash.

Many stock exchanges also cross-list company shares, offering securities primarily listed on other exchanges. This way, companies can reach more investors when raising capital, and those trading with certain exchanges have far more options.

Though it is called a stock market, other securities, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs), are also traded there.

Stocks and other securities are also traded "over the counter" ( OTC ). These OTC markets are where you buy or sell stocks directly with another investor, typically without the same level of regulation or public scrutiny. OTC trading involves a network of brokers and dealers who negotiate directly over computer networks and by phone.

This type of trading is commonly used for smaller, less liquid companies that may not meet the stringent listing requirements of the stock exchanges. This can make it more challenging for investors to get reliable information about the companies they are investing in.

As part of understanding stock market basics, it's important to know that, in addition to common stocks, many other assets are traded through stock exchanges and OTC. These count, too, as part of the "stock market":

• American depositary receipts : Represent shares in foreign companies and are traded on U.S. stock exchanges. They let U.S. investors invest in foreign companies without dealing with foreign stock exchanges or converting over their currency.
• Derivatives : This is a broad category that includes options and futures, whose value is derived from the value of an underlying asset, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates, or market indexes. So, in derivatives trading, you're not directly buying or selling the actual asset (like the stock). Instead, you're trading something whose value is influenced by the changes in the price of an underlying asset.
• Funds : These include mutual funds, which pool money from many investors for a basket of stocks, bonds, and other securities, and exchange-traded funds, which trade on stock exchanges like individual stocks and "track" or try to mirror how a sector, index, or theme of stocks is doing.
• Preferred stocks : These stocks generally provide a set dividend and, as the name suggests, have priority over common stock in getting a share of the profits or what's left over if the company goes bankrupt.
• Real estate investment trusts (REITs) : These are worth mentioning to get an idea of the breadth of what counts as the stock market. REITs are companies that own, manage, or finance real estate. Investors can buy shares in them, and they legally must provide 90% of their profits as dividends each year.

More loosely, while independent markets, people often talk about these as part of the "stock market":

• Bonds : These represent debt, and governments and corporations issue them to raise capital. Investors who buy bonds effectively lend money to the issuer in exchange for interest payments and the return of the bond's face value at maturity.
• Commodities : There are 50 major commodities markets worldwide where you buy raw materials like oil, steel, wheat, and coal directly or buy futures contracts based on where their prices might go.

Investors and Traders

Those in the stock market include institutional investors, such as pension funds, mutual funds, insurance companies, and hedge funds, that manage large amounts of money and often have a significant influence over the market since they are trading in large volumes. Retail investors buy and sell securities for their personal accounts—not for an organization. They can range from beginners to experienced traders, and today, most use online platforms. Another key group is accredited investors, high-net-worth individuals with the money and investing experience, so the SEC allows them access to more complex investments, like venture capital and private equity.

Generally speaking, investors approach the market from a long-term perspective. They put money in stocks, ETFs, mutual funds, and other securities, expecting their value to grow over time; these are not the quick trades you see in movies to get in and out fast. These investors are often more concerned with the fundamental strength of the companies or assets they invest in, such as their financial performance, market position, and potential for growth. They decide on investments after research and analysis or after getting recommendations from financial advisors while trying to build wealth steadily through a portfolio that increases in value over time.

Traders, for their part, take a more short-term approach to the stock market. They aim to capitalize on the market’s volatility, trading stocks, options, futures, and other financial instruments within shorter time frames—from seconds and minutes to days and months. Traders often rely on technical analysis, which involves studying market trends, charts, and other statistical measures to predict future price movements. While trading can offer the potential for quick profits, it also comes with higher risks than long-term investing. Quickly buying and selling securities requires a sharp understanding of the market and a more active, hands-on strategy for trading.

Role of Brokers

Brokers in the stock market play the same role as in insurance and elsewhere, acting as a go-between for investors and the securities markets. They are licensed organizations that buy and sell stocks and other securities for individual and institutional clients. Brokerage firms can be small boutique shops or multinationals offering investment advice, research, and wealth management services while executing trades for customers. Full-service brokers provide detailed financial advice, portfolio management, and personalized services, making them better for investors who prefer a thorough approach to managing their investments. Further down in cost, discount brokers provide a more hands-off experience and are typically preferred by investors who make their own trading decisions.

Online brokerage firms have become increasingly popular with user-friendly platforms that allow investors to trade securities electronically at lower costs and more convenience. These platforms often have educational resources, analytical tools, and real-time market data. There has also been a rise in robo-advisors , automated financial planning services offered at a very low price.

Whatever type of broker, they are all regulated by the SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) in the U.S.

A significant aspect of the stock market—dictating what’s traded and how—is the regulations and regulators involved. In the U.S., the latter is the SEC, an independent federal agency set up in 1934 on the heels of the 1929 market crash and the travails of the Great Depression. The mission of the SEC is “protecting investors, maintaining fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitating capital formation.”

The SEC enforces laws against market manipulation, insider trading, and other forms of fraud while verifying that public companies reveal any significant financial information investors should know when trusting a firm with their money by buying its stock. The SEC also oversees stock exchanges, broker-dealers, investment advisors, mutual funds, and public utility holding companies.

In addition, the exchanges have their own requirements, such as filing timely (usually quarterly) updates to company financial reports and instant reporting of relevant corporate developments to ensure that everyone looking to trade has the same information.

FINRA oversees brokerage firms and their registered securities representatives and is more focused than the SEC on protecting retail investors. Similar agencies exist worldwide, which is crucial given how the stock market is global and a calamity in one corner of the world soon reaches the other—it’s not just something that happens from a few buildings on Wall Street.

While many countries’ regulations differ significantly—they answer to diverse populations and cultural expectations—general rules are enforced to ensure fair practices, protect investors, and promote confidence in the broader stock market.

How Stock Prices Are Determined

Textbook descriptions of stock prices tend to start off talking about investors and dealers coming together, and for there to be a stock trade, the buyer and seller must agree on a figure. But most investors find prices as they are listed in online brokerage accounts or online graphs of stock prices over time, not as coming from tough negotiations. That said, you do have to agree to buy stocks, and each investor or trader making this decision collectively shapes the demand for stocks, which, taken against the supply on hand in the market, produces the prices on our screens.

The factors that influence these prices fall into two main types: fundamental and technical. Fundamental factors are rooted in a company's earnings, profitability from its operations, and the goods or services it offers. Meanwhile, technical factors relate to market sentiment and statistical analyses of historical market activity and stock price trends.

High stock prices can indicate a company's success—or at least the feeling of buyers that they are doing well—but they can also result from stock splits, dividends, and share repurchases. When a stock price drops, this doesn't mean that money is lost from the market as a whole. Instead, it signifies a decrease in the market value of the specific stock. For instance, if a company reports higher profits than expected, its stock price might increase as more investors want to buy shares, hoping for future growth. Similarly, economic events like interest rate changes or geopolitical issues can affect investor confidence and stock prices.

Market Indexes

Most Americans first learn about the stock market through indexes since reporting on the ups and downs of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) or S&P 500 has long been a staple for news programs to quickly get across the news about Wall Street. Indexes like the DJIA, which includes 30 large publicly owned companies, give a picture of the wider stock market. Indexes can be used to take a very wide shot of the market, such as with the S&P 500, representing the 500 largest U.S. public companies. There are currently 11 sectors for specific groups like technology, healthcare, or consumer discretionary companies etc.

Indexes are important since they are used as benchmarks for stocks and portfolios. For example, if you're invested in technology stocks, you'll want to see how your stocks are doing against a tech index. You'll then have a better way to rate your returns.

The stock market fills several different roles worth highlighting:

Corporate governance : Publicly traded companies follow stringent reporting regulations, which makes them far more transparent and accountable. This information allows investors to make informed decisions and helps maintain investor confidence in the market. It's also a boon for everyday Americans to gain a view inside major U.S. corporations since, without these transparency requirements, they could close down much of what we know about them.

Economic indicator : The stock market's performance is often considered a gauge of an economy's health. Rising stock prices are associated with corporate profitability and economic growth while declining prices signal problems ahead.

Investment opportunities : The stock market offers the chance to invest in companies and potentially grow a portfolio over time. The stock market has historically delivered returns outpacing inflation, making it a vital tool for retirement planning, wealth building, and financial security.

Liquidity : The stock market enables investors to buy and sell shares of companies and other securities quickly when needed.

Raising capital : Most importantly, the stock market offers a platform where companies raise funds by issuing stocks. This capital is essential for business expansion, research and development, and other corporate initiatives. By selling shares to the public, companies gain access to these funds without incurring debt.

Resource allocation : By reflecting the collective judgment of traders and investors through the price of different companies, the stock market is said to help efficiently distribute capital to companies more likely to succeed and away from those that are not.

Now that we know the different parts of the stock market—who, what, where, and how it works—we can better understand why it's such a large part of our economy today. The meaning of the stock market can't be understated for how our world functions.

When the earliest stock markets formed, the global economy was vastly different. These were eras when trade and commerce were primarily driven by physical goods, with industries like agriculture, textiles, and early manufacturing dominating the economic landscape. Stock markets at the time were fledgling institutions, primarily helping to finance expeditions and trade ventures, which is to say, the colonial enterprises taking goods and peoples from South Asia, the Americas, and Africa. These stock exchanges were already global investment operations. Yet, they played a relatively minor role in everyday economic life.

Fast forward to today, and the stock market is considered central to the global economy, a change underscored by financialization and the increasing dominance of financial markets and institutions. This isn't just because over a million Americans work in finance. Modern economies are characterized by a complex web of financial transactions and instruments, with the stock market not just a barometer for economic health but also seen as critical for distributing and creating wealth.

Financialization has also mirrored broader socioeconomic changes. Today's stock markets are not just platforms for raising capital but have been tied into millions of Americans' retirement and investment strategies. This is why, at perilous times—2007 to 2008 and the pandemic being two major examples—the U.S. government and Federal Reserve felt far more obligated than in previous eras to step in. This was not just to protect the wealth of a select few but because the savings of a vast swath of Americans were at risk. Not long ago, Americans hearing stock market news might be listening for indirect effects on their jobs—say, to see how their firm is doing—but now they are doing so more often for the direct impact on their own portfolios, including 401(K)s .

Of course, many are paying off college, mortgages, and other debts or are otherwise too fragile financially to have a portfolio of stocks or other assets. Still, they, too, feel the reach of the stock market and its effects. First, the market drives funding for technological advances like the smartphones in our pockets or the medications we take, which require many billions of dollars for research and development. This access to capital has been crucial for companies pushing into areas like artificial intelligence or new medical devices, costing many times what a company could otherwise borrow.

Moves in the stock market also affect the broader economy and, by extension, employment. Its performance can influence corporate decisions, influencing job creation (and the opposite as layoffs can boost a stock price), expansion, and overall economic growth. A healthy stock market generally correlates with a more robust economy. But it could also mean more capital in the hands of a wealthy few, increasing the property values of once middle-class areas in almost every major American city.

The stock market also indirectly influences public services and infrastructure. Pension funds , a major part of government spending for employees at the local, state, and federal levels, are significantly invested in the stock market. The returns generated from these investments can influence the financial health of pension funds, affecting the retirement security of millions of people—beyond the many more individuals who don't have pensions and are invested in the market directly through 401(k)s, mutual funds, and individual retirement accounts.

What's the Difference Between the Bond Market and the Stock Market?

Worldwide, the bond market is larger than the stock market, with about $130 trillion in bonds outstanding and about $101 trillion in stock market capitalization, according to the last data available. The bond and stock markets serve different purposes and offer different risk-reward profiles for investors. In the bond market, investors buy and sell debt securities, typically issued by governments (local, state, and federal) or corporations. When you invest in bonds, you're essentially lending money for regular interest payments and the return on the bond's face value at maturity.

The stock market involves buying and selling shares and derivatives (instruments whose value correlates in some way to particular stocks) of publicly traded companies. Investing in stocks means buying a piece of ownership in a company. Stocks offer the potential for higher returns than bonds since investors can get both dividends when the company is profitable and returns when the stock price goes up. They also have a higher risk, as stock prices can be more volatile.

What Is an Alternate Trading System?

Alternative trading systems are platforms for matching large buy and sell transactions and are not regulated like exchanges. Dark pools and many cryptocurrency exchanges are private exchanges or forums for securities and currency trading and run within private groups.

Who Helps an Investor Trade on the Stock Market?

Stockbrokers act as intermediaries between the stock exchanges and the investors by buying and selling stocks. Portfolio managers are professionals who invest portfolios, or collections of securities, for clients. Investment bankers represent companies in many different ways, such as helping private companies that want to go public via an IPO or planning for mergers and acquisitions.

The stock market is where shares of companies and other financial instruments are bought and sold. It's a network of all-stock trading where investors and traders buy and sell stocks. These trades determine stock prices, reflecting the company's perceived value and market conditions. The stock market is also where companies raise capital and from which investors can grow their wealth. It thus plays a vital role in the global economy. Even if you don't trade on the stock market directly, it influences the products you buy, the type of jobs available, and the retirement you might plan.

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. " Advancing Market Regulation and Transparency ."

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. " About Trading and Markets ."

World Federation of Exchanges. " Number of Listed Companies - August 2023 ."

Securities and Exchange Commission. " Investor Bulletin: REITs ."

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. “ What We Do .”

Macrotrends. " S&P 500 Historical Returns ."

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Historical Society. " The Institution of Experience: Self-Regulatory Organizations in the Securities Industry, 1792–2010 ."

Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association. " 2023 Capital Markets Fact Book ."

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Chapter 12 - Stock Exchange

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News Details

Costco wholesale corporation reports june sales results and announces quarterly cash dividend and plans for membership fee increase.

ISSAQUAH, Wash., July 10, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Costco Wholesale Corporation (“Costco” or the “Company”) (Nasdaq: COST) today reported net sales of $24.48 billion for the retail month of June, the five weeks ended July 7, 2024, an increase of 7.4 percent from $22.78 billion last year.

Net sales for the first 44 weeks were $210.55 billion, an increase of 6.9 percent from $196.93 billion last year.

Comparable sales were as follows:

Comparable sales excluding the impacts from changes in gasoline prices and foreign exchange were as follows:

Additional discussion of these results is available in a pre-recorded message. It can be accessed by visiting investor.costco.com (click on “Events & Presentations”). This message will be available through 4:00 p.m. (PT) on Wednesday, July 17, 2024.

The Company also announced today that its Board of Directors has declared a quarterly cash dividend on Costco common stock of $1.16 per share. The quarterly dividend is payable August 9, 2024, to shareholders of record at the close of business on July 26, 2024.

The Company also announced that, effective September 1, 2024, it will increase annual membership fees by $5 for U.S. and Canada Gold Star (individual), Business, and Business add-on members. With this increase, all U.S. and Canada Gold Star, Business and Business add-on members will pay an annual fee of $65. Also effective September 1, annual fees for Executive Memberships in the U.S. and Canada will increase from $120 to $130 (Primary membership of $65, plus the Executive upgrade of $65), and the maximum annual 2% Reward associated with the Executive Membership will increase from $1,000 to $1,250. The fee increases will impact around 52 million memberships, a little over half of which are Executive. Costco currently operates 882 warehouses, including 609 in the United States and Puerto Rico, 108 in Canada, 40 in Mexico, 33 in Japan, 29 in the United Kingdom, 18 in Korea, 15 in Australia, 14 in Taiwan, seven in China, four in Spain, two in France, and one each in Iceland, New Zealand and Sweden. Costco also operates e-commerce sites in the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Mexico, Korea, Taiwan, Japan and Australia.

Certain statements contained in this document and the pre-recorded message constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. For these purposes, forward-looking statements are statements that address activities, events, conditions or developments that the Company expects or anticipates may occur in the future. In some cases forward-looking statements can be identified because they contain words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. Such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual events, results or performance to differ materially from those indicated by such statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, domestic and international economic conditions, including exchange rates, inflation or deflation, the effects of competition and regulation, uncertainties in the financial markets, consumer and small business spending patterns and debt levels, breaches of security or privacy of member or business information, conditions affecting the acquisition, development, ownership or use of real estate, capital spending, actions of vendors, rising costs associated with employees (generally including health-care costs and wages), energy and certain commodities, geopolitical conditions (including tariffs), the ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, regulatory and other impacts related to climate change, public-health related factors, and other risks identified from time to time in the Company’s public statements and reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company does not undertake to update these statements, except as required by law. Comparable sales and comparable sales excluding impacts from changes in gasoline prices and foreign exchange are intended as supplemental information and are not a substitute for net sales presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

COST-Sales COST-Comp

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